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Winston Churchill as writer

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
This article is about the literary career of the British statesman. For the American novelist of the same name, see Winston Churchill (novelist).
Churchill at his desk in 1940
Churchill at his desk in 1940

Winston Churchill, in addition to his careers of soldier and politician, was a prolific writer under the pen name 'Winston S. Churchill'. After being commissioned into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the Cuban War of Independence, and sent war reports to The Daily Graphic. He continued his war journalism in British India, at the Siege of Malakand, then in the Sudan during the Mahdist War and in southern Africa during the Second Boer War.

Churchill's fictional output included one novel and a short story, but his main output comprised non-fiction. After he was elected as an MP, over 130 of his speeches or parliamentary answers were also published in pamphlets or booklets; many were subsequently published in collected editions. Churchill received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953 "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values".[1]

Discover more about Winston Churchill as writer related topics

Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.

4th Queen's Own Hussars

4th Queen's Own Hussars

The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958.

Cuban War of Independence

Cuban War of Independence

The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.

The Graphic

The Graphic

The Graphic was a British weekly illustrated newspaper, first published on 4 December 1869 by William Luson Thomas's company Illustrated Newspapers Ltd. Thomas's brother Lewis Samuel Thomas was a co-founder. The premature death of the latter in 1872 "as one of the founders of this newspaper, [and who] took an active interest in its management" left a marked gap in the early history of the publication. It was set up as a rival to the popular Illustrated London News.

British Raj

British Raj

The British Raj was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia; it is also called Crown rule in India, or Direct rule in India, and lasted from 1858 to 1947. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially.

Siege of Malakand

Siege of Malakand

The siege of Malakand was the 26 July – 2 August 1897 siege of the British garrison in the Malakand region of colonial British India's North West Frontier Province. The British faced a force of Pashtun tribesmen whose tribal lands had been bisected by the Durand Line, the 1,519 mile (2,445 km) border between Afghanistan and British India drawn up at the end of the Anglo-Afghan wars to help hold back what the British feared to be the Russian Empire's spread of influence towards the Indian subcontinent.

Mahdist War

Mahdist War

The Mahdist War was a war between the Mahdist Sudanese of the religious leader Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah, who had proclaimed himself the "Mahdi" of Islam, and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt, initially, and later the forces of Britain. Eighteen years of war resulted in the nominally joint-rule state of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956), a de jure condominium of the British Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt in which Britain had de facto control over the Sudan. The Sudanese launched several unsuccessful invasions of their neighbours, expanding the scale of the conflict to include not only Britain and Egypt but also the Italian Empire, the Congo Free State and the Ethiopian Empire.

Second Boer War

Second Boer War

The Second Boer War, also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict which was fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa from 1899 to 1902.

Member of parliament

Member of parliament

A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members often have a different title. The terms congressman/congresswoman or deputy are equivalent terms used in other jurisdictions. The term parliamentarian is also sometimes used for members of parliament, but this may also be used to refer to unelected government officials with specific roles in a parliament and other expert advisers on parliamentary procedure such as the Senate Parliamentarian in the United States. The term is also used to the characteristic of performing the duties of a member of a legislature, for example: "The two party leaders often disagreed on issues, but both were excellent parliamentarians and cooperated to get many good things done."

Nobel Prize in Literature

Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.

Writing career

Churchill, age 21, as a cornet in the 4th Queens Own Hussars in 1895
Churchill, age 21, as a cornet in the 4th Queens Own Hussars in 1895

In 1895 Winston Churchill was commissioned cornet (second lieutenant) into the 4th Queen's Own Hussars. His annual pay was £300, and he calculated he needed an additional £500 to support a style of life equal to that of other officers of the regiment.[2][a] To earn the required funds, he gained his colonel's agreement to observe the Cuban War of Independence; his mother, Lady Randolph Churchill, used her influence to secure a contract for her son to send war reports to The Daily Graphic.[4] He was subsequently posted back to his regiment, then based in British India, where he took part in, and reported on the Siege of Malakand; the reports were published in The Pioneer and The Daily Telegraph.[5][4] The reports formed the basis of his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force, which was published in 1898.[6] To relax he also wrote his only novel, Savrola, which was published in 1898.[7] That same year he was transferred to the Sudan to take part in the Mahdist War (1881–1899), where he participated in the Battle of Omdurman in September 1898. He published his recollections in The River War (1899).[8][6]

In 1899 Churchill resigned his commission and travelled to South Africa as the correspondent with The Morning Post, on a salary of £250 a month plus all expenses, to report on the Second Boer War.[9][b] He was captured by the Boers in November that year, but managed to escape. He remained in the country and continued to send in his reports to the newspaper. He subsequently published his despatches in two works, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton's March (both 1900).[4] He returned to Britain in 1900 and was elected as the Member of parliament for the Oldham constituency at that year's general election.[10]

Randolph Churchill, Winston's son, who edited the published collections of his father's speeches; photographed by Cecil Beaton during the Second World War.
Randolph Churchill, Winston's son, who edited the published collections of his father's speeches; photographed by Cecil Beaton during the Second World War.

As a serving MP he began publishing pamphlets containing his speeches or answers to key parliamentary questions. Beginning with Mr Winston Churchill on the Education Bill (1902), over 135 such tracts were published over his career.[11] Many of these were subsequently compiled into collections, several of which were edited by his son, Randolph and others of which were edited by Charles Eade, the editor of the Sunday Dispatch.[12][13] In addition to his parliamentary duties, Churchill wrote a two-volume biography of his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, published in 1906, in which he "presented his father as a tory with increasingly radical sympathies", according to the historian Paul Addison.[9]

In the 1923 general election Churchill lost his parliamentary seat and moved to the south of France where he wrote The World Crisis, a six-volume history of the First World War, published between 1923 and 1931. The book was well-received, although the former Prime Minister Arthur Balfour dismissed the work as "Winston's brilliant autobiography, disguised as world history".[14] At the 1924 general election Churchill returned to the Commons.[9] In 1930 he wrote his first autobiography, My Early Life, after which he began his researches for Marlborough: His Life and Times (1933–1938), a four-volume biography of his ancestor, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.[15] Before the final volume was published, Churchill wrote a series of biographical profiles for newspapers, which were later collected together and published as Great Contemporaries (1937).[9]

In May 1940, eight months after the outbreak of the Second World War, Churchill became Prime Minister. He wrote no histories during his tenure, although several collections of his speeches were published.[16][17] At the end of the war he was voted out of office at the 1945 election; he returned to writing and, with a research team headed by the historian William Deakin, produced a six-volume history, The Second World War (1948–1953). The books became a best-seller in both the UK and US.[17][18] Churchill served as Prime Minister for a second time between October 1951 and April 1955 before resigning the premiership; he continued to serve as an MP until 1964. His final major work was the four-volume work A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956–1958).[19] In 1953 Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values".[1] Churchill was almost always well paid as an author and, for most of his life, writing was his main source of income. He produced a huge portfolio of written work; the journalist and historian Paul Johnson estimates that Churchill wrote an estimated eight to ten million words in more than forty books, thousands of newspaper and magazine articles,[4][20] and at least two film scripts.[21] John Gunther in 1939 estimated that he earned $100,000 a year ($1.55 million in 2021) from writing and lecturing, but that "of this he spends plenty".[22]

When demand was high for his newspaper and magazine articles, Churchill employed a ghostwriter.[23] During 1934, for example, Churchill was commissioned by Collier's, the News of the World, the Daily Mail - and, added that year, the Sunday Dispatch, for which the newspaper's editor, William Blackwood, employed Adam Marshall Diston to rework Churchill's old material (Churchill himself would write one new piece in every four published by the Dispatch).[23] Later in the year, when Churchill had less time to write, at the recommendation of Blackwood he employed Diston directly as his ghostwriter.[23] Diston wrote, for example, Churchill's remaining Collier's articles for the year, being paid £15 from the £350 commission Churchill received for each article.[23] Blackwood considered Diston a 'splendid journalist' and his first article written for Churchill went to print without change - this, according to David Lough, 'was the start of a partnership that would flourish for the rest of the decade'.[23] By the end of the following year, Diston had already prepared most of Churchill's 'The Great Men I Have Known' series for the News of the World in Britain and Collier's in the US, due to appear from January 1936. Sir Emsley Carr, the British newspaper's chairman, enjoyed them so much he immediately signed up Churchill for a series in 1937.[23] The News of the World would pay nearly £400 (£12,000 today) an article.[24] Another of Churchill's ghostwriters was his Private Secretary Edward Marsh (who would at times receive up to 10% of Churchill's commission).[24][25]

American novelist of the same name

In the late 1890s, Churchill's writings first came to be confused with those of his American contemporary Winston Churchill, a best-selling novelist. He wrote to his American counterpart about the confusion their names were causing among their readers, offering to sign his own works "Winston Spencer Churchill", adding the first half of his double-barrelled surname, Spencer-Churchill, which he did not otherwise use. After a few early editions the middle name was turned into an initial, his pen name subsequently appearing as "Winston S. Churchill".

The two men met on occasions when one of them happened to be in the other's country, but their diametrically opposed personalities prevented the development of a close friendship.[26]

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Cornet (rank)

Cornet (rank)

Cornet was originally the lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop, the modern equivalent being a second lieutenant. The rank was abolished by the 1871 Cardwell Reforms, which replaced it with sub-lieutenant. Although obsolete, the term is still used as an internal title of address when referring to a second lieutenant within the British Army regiments of the Blues and Royals and Queen's Royal Hussars.

4th Queen's Own Hussars

4th Queen's Own Hussars

The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958.

Second lieutenant

Second lieutenant

Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.

Cuban War of Independence

Cuban War of Independence

The Cuban War of Independence, fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons but agree that yellow journalism exaggerated atrocities attributed to Spanish forces against Cuban civilians.

Lady Randolph Churchill

Lady Randolph Churchill

Jennie Spencer-Churchill, known as Lady Randolph Churchill, was an American-born British socialite, the wife of Lord Randolph Churchill, and the mother of British prime minister Sir Winston Churchill.

British Raj

British Raj

The British Raj was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia; it is also called Crown rule in India, or Direct rule in India, and lasted from 1858 to 1947. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially.

Siege of Malakand

Siege of Malakand

The siege of Malakand was the 26 July – 2 August 1897 siege of the British garrison in the Malakand region of colonial British India's North West Frontier Province. The British faced a force of Pashtun tribesmen whose tribal lands had been bisected by the Durand Line, the 1,519 mile (2,445 km) border between Afghanistan and British India drawn up at the end of the Anglo-Afghan wars to help hold back what the British feared to be the Russian Empire's spread of influence towards the Indian subcontinent.

The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph & Courier. Considered a newspaper of record over The Times in the UK in the years up to 1997, The Telegraph has been described as being "one of the world's great titles".

Savrola

Savrola

Savrola: A Tale of the Revolution in Laurania is the only major fictional work of Winston S. Churchill. The story describes events in the capital of Laurania, a fictional European state, as unrest against the dictatorial government of president Antonio Molara turns to violent revolution.

Mahdist War

Mahdist War

The Mahdist War was a war between the Mahdist Sudanese of the religious leader Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah, who had proclaimed himself the "Mahdi" of Islam, and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt, initially, and later the forces of Britain. Eighteen years of war resulted in the nominally joint-rule state of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956), a de jure condominium of the British Empire and the Kingdom of Egypt in which Britain had de facto control over the Sudan. The Sudanese launched several unsuccessful invasions of their neighbours, expanding the scale of the conflict to include not only Britain and Egypt but also the Italian Empire, the Congo Free State and the Ethiopian Empire.

Battle of Omdurman

Battle of Omdurman

The Battle of Omdurman was fought during the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan between a British–Egyptian expeditionary force commanded by British Commander-in-Chief (sirdar) major general Horatio Herbert Kitchener and a Sudanese army of the Mahdist Islamic State, led by Abdullah al-Taashi, the successor to the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad. The battle took place on 2 September 1898, at Kerreri, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of Omdurman in Sudan.

Second Boer War

Second Boer War

The Second Boer War, also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict which was fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa from 1899 to 1902.

Non-fiction

Cover of The River War, 1899, showing the original form of his pen name
Cover of The River War, 1899, showing the original form of his pen name
Churchill in Canada in December 1941
Churchill in Canada in December 1941
Statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London
Statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London
The non-fiction work of Churchill
Title[27][28][29][30][31] Year of first
publication 		First edition publisher Notes
The Story of the Malakand Field Force 1898 Longman, London
The River War 1899 Longman, London Edited by Colonel Francis Rhodes; two volumes; reissued in 1901 as a single work
London to Ladysmith via Pretoria 1900 Longman, London & New York
Ian Hamilton's March 1900 Longman, London & New York
Lord Randolph Churchill 1906 Macmillan Publishers, London Two volumes
My African Journey 1908 Hodder & Stoughton, London
The World Crisis 1923–1931 Butterworth, London Six volumes; abridged and revised into one volume in 1931
  1. 1911–1914 (1923)
  2. 1915 (1923)
  3. 1916–1918 (Part 1) (1927)
  4. 1916–1918 (Part 2) (1927)
  5. The Aftermath (1929)
  6. The Eastern Front (1931)
My Early Life 1930 Butterworth, London Published in the US as A Roving Commission: My Early Life
Thoughts and Adventures 1932 Butterworth, London Published in the US as Amid These Storms
Marlborough: His Life and Times 1933–1938 Butterworth, London Four volumes
Great Contemporaries 1937 Butterworth, London Revised and enlarged edition published in 1938
The Second World War 1948–1953 Cassell, London Six volumes, consisting of:
  1. The Gathering Storm (1948)
  2. Their Finest Hour (1949)
  3. The Grand Alliance (1950)
  4. The Hinge of Fate (1950)
  5. Closing the Ring (1951)
  6. Triumph and Tragedy (1953)
Painting as a Pastime 1948 Odhams Press, London
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples 1956–1958 Cassell, London Four volumes, consisting of:
  1. The Birth of Britain (1956)
  2. The New World (1956)
  3. The Age of Revolution (1957)
  4. The Great Democracies (1958)

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The River War

The River War

The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan (1899), by Winston Churchill. It is a history of the conquest of the Sudan between 1896 and 1899 by Anglo-Egyptian forces led by Lord Kitchener. He defeated the Sudanese Dervish forces, led by Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, heir to the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad who had vowed to conquer Egypt and drive out the Ottomans. The first, two volume, edition includes accounts of Churchill's own experiences as a British Army officer during the war, and his views on its conduct.

Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square

Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square

The statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, London, is a bronze sculpture of the former British prime minister Winston Churchill, created by Ivor Roberts-Jones.

Longman

Longman

Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.

Frank Rhodes (British Army officer)

Frank Rhodes (British Army officer)

Colonel Francis William Rhodes is perhaps the best known member of the Rhodes family after his brother Cecil. Trained as a soldier from his youth, he participated in a considerable amount of conflict in different parts of the world. After graduating from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he joined the 1st Royal Dragoons in 1873 and served the British Army for 23 years. He participated in the Sudan Campaign, accompanied the Nile Expedition to Khartoum in the abortive effort to relieve General Charles George Gordon, and was present at the battles of El Teb and Tamai. At the Battle of Abu Klea, he distinguished himself when he had several horses shot from under him in the course of the engagement. He was awarded several medals and clasps, including the Distinguished Service Order.

London to Ladysmith via Pretoria

London to Ladysmith via Pretoria

London to Ladysmith via Pretoria is a book written by Winston Churchill. It is a personal record of Churchill's impressions during the first five months of the Second Boer War. It includes an account of the Relief of Ladysmith, and also the story of Churchill's capture and dramatic escape from the Boers. The book was first published in 1900, and dedicated to the staff of the Natal Government railway.

Ian Hamilton's March

Ian Hamilton's March

Ian Hamilton's March is a book written by Winston Churchill. It is a description of his experiences accompanying the British army during the Second Boer War, continuing after the events described in London to Ladysmith via Pretoria.

Lord Randolph Churchill (book)

Lord Randolph Churchill (book)

Lord Randolph Churchill was a two-part biography written by Winston Churchill of his father, the Victorian politician Lord Randolph Churchill. It was first published in 1906.

Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers. Founded in London in 1843 by Scottish brothers Daniel and Alexander MacMillan, the firm would soon establish itself as a leading publisher in Britain. It published two of the best-known works of Victorian era children’s literature, Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1894).

Hodder & Stoughton

Hodder & Stoughton

Hodder & Stoughton is a British publishing house, now an imprint of Hachette.

Butterworth-Heinemann

Butterworth-Heinemann

Butterworth–Heinemann is a British publishing company specialised in professional information and learning materials for higher education and professional training, in printed and electronic forms. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of Heinemann Professional Publishing and Butterworths Scientific, both subsidiaries of Reed International. With its earlier constituent companies, the founding dates back to 1923.

My Early Life

My Early Life

My Early Life, also known in the USA as A Roving Commission: My Early Life, is a 1930 book by Winston Churchill. It is an autobiography from his birth in 1874 to around 1902. The book closes with mention of his marriage in 1908, stating that he lived happily ever after.

Marlborough: His Life and Times

Marlborough: His Life and Times

Marlborough: His Life and Times is a panegyric biography written by Winston Churchill about John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Churchill was a lineal descendant of the duke.

Fiction

Title page of the 1900 edition of Savrola
Title page of the 1900 edition of Savrola
Churchill's fictional work
Title[27][32] Year of first
publication 		First edition publisher Notes
"Man Overboard; an Episode of the Red Sea" 1898 Harmsworth Brothers, London Written in youth. First published work of fiction. Appeared in The Harmsworth Magazine issue of December 1898.
Savrola 1900 Longman, London Novel; first appeared in serial form in Macmillan's Magazine 1898–1900
"If Lee Had NOT Won the Battle of Gettysburg" in If It Had Happened Otherwise 1931 Sidgwick and Jackson, London With others
"The Dream" 1987 Churchill Literary Foundation, New Hampshire Short story; first written in 1947 and first published as a feature in The Sunday Telegraph in January 1966, then as part of The Collected Essays in 1976. The Dream was not published in book form until September 1987, four decades after it was written and more than 22 years after Churchill's death.

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Savrola

Savrola

Savrola: A Tale of the Revolution in Laurania is the only major fictional work of Winston S. Churchill. The story describes events in the capital of Laurania, a fictional European state, as unrest against the dictatorial government of president Antonio Molara turns to violent revolution.

The London Magazine

The London Magazine

The London Magazine is the title of six different publications that have appeared in succession since 1732. All six have focused on the arts, literature and miscellaneous topics.

Macmillan's Magazine

Macmillan's Magazine

Macmillan's Magazine was a monthly British magazine from 1859 to 1907 published by Alexander Macmillan.

If It Had Happened Otherwise

If It Had Happened Otherwise

If It Had Happened Otherwise (ISBN 028397821X) is a 1931 collection of essays edited by J. C. Squire and published by Longmans, Green. Each essay in the collection could be considered alternate history or counterfactual history, a few written by leading historians of the period and one by Winston Churchill.

Collected speeches

Churchill addressing merchant ships' crews and dockers at Liverpool, April 1941
Churchill addressing merchant ships' crews and dockers at Liverpool, April 1941
Churchill at a BBC microphone about to broadcast to the nation on the afternoon of VE Day, 8 May 1945.
Churchill at a BBC microphone about to broadcast to the nation on the afternoon of VE Day, 8 May 1945.
Churchill during the 1945 General Election
Churchill during the 1945 General Election

There are around 135 published booklets of Churchill's individual speeches, including "Mr Winston Churchill on the Education Bill" (1902), "The Fiscal Puzzle: Both Sides Explained by Leading Men'" (1903), "Why I am a Free Trader" (1905) and "Prisons and Prisoners" (1910); the following are speeches published in a collected form.[33][34]

Collected books of Churchill's speeches
Title[27][28][29][33] Year of first
publication 		First edition publisher Notes
Mr Broderick's Army 1903 Humphreys, London
For Free Trade 1906 Humphreys, London
Liberalism and the Social Problem 1909 Hodder & Stoughton, London
The People's Rights 1910 Hodder & Stoughton, London
Parliamentary Government and the Economic Problem 1930 The Clarendon Press, Oxford
India: Speeches and an Introduction 1931 Butterworth, London
Arms and the Covenant 1938 George G. Harrap and Co., London Edited by Randolph Churchill; published in the US as While England Slept
Step by Step: 1936–1939 1939 Butterworth, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
Addresses Delivered 1940 Ransohoffs, San Francisco
Into Battle 1941 Butterworth, London Edited by Randolph Churchill; published in the US as Blood, Sweat and Tears
Broadcast Addresses 1941 Ransohoffs, San Francisco
The Unrelenting Struggle 1942 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
The End of the Beginning 1943 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister 1943 British Information Services, New York
Onwards to Victory 1944 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
The Dawn of Liberation 1945 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
Victory 1946 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
Secret Sessions Speeches 1946 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade; published in the US as Winston Churchill's Secret Sessions Speeches
War Speeches 1946 Cassell, London Edited by F B Czarnomskí
World Spotlight Turns on Westminster 1946 Westminster College, Fulton, MO
The Sinews of Peace 1948 Cassell, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
Europe Unite: Speeches 1947 and 1948 1950 Cassell, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
In the Balance: Speeches 1949 and 1950 1951 Cassell, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
The War Speeches 1952 Cassell, London Edited by Charles Eade
Stemming the Tide: Speeches 1951 and 1952 1953 Cassell, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
The Wisdom of Sir Winston Churchill 1956 Allen & Unwin, London
The Unwritten Alliance: Speeches 1953 and 1959 1961 Cassell, London Edited by Randolph Churchill
Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1974 Chelsea House, New York Edited by Robert Rhodes James

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1945 United Kingdom general election

1945 United Kingdom general election

The 1945 United Kingdom general election was a national election held on Thursday 5 July 1945, but polling in some constituencies was delayed by some days, and the counting of votes was delayed until 26 July to provide time for overseas votes to be brought to Britain. The governing Conservative Party sought to maintain its position in Parliament but faced challenges from public opinion about the future of the United Kingdom in the post-war period. Prime Minister Winston Churchill proposed to call for a general election in Parliament, which passed with a majority vote less than two months after the conclusion of the Second World War in Europe.

Hodder & Stoughton

Hodder & Stoughton

Hodder & Stoughton is a British publishing house, now an imprint of Hachette.

Butterworth-Heinemann

Butterworth-Heinemann

Butterworth–Heinemann is a British publishing company specialised in professional information and learning materials for higher education and professional training, in printed and electronic forms. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of Heinemann Professional Publishing and Butterworths Scientific, both subsidiaries of Reed International. With its earlier constituent companies, the founding dates back to 1923.

Arms and the Covenant

Arms and the Covenant

Arms and the Covenant is a 1938 non-fiction book written by Winston Churchill. It was later published in the United States as While England Slept; a Survey of World Affairs, 1932–1938. It highlighted the United Kingdom's lack of military preparation to face the threat of Nazi Germany's expansion and attacked the current policies of the British government, led by the Conservative Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. The book galvanised many of his supporters and built up public opposition to the Munich Agreement.

George G. Harrap and Co.

George G. Harrap and Co.

George G. Harrap, Ltd is a now defunct publisher of high quality speciality books, many of them educational, such as the memoirs of Winston Churchill, or highly illustrated with line drawings, engravings or etchings, such as the much republished classic educational children's book The Cave Boy of the Age of Stone from at least 1901 into the 1980s.Publishers of English classics for the educational trade, Harrap was also known for publishing finely illustrated books by Rackham, Gooden, and others, and as the publisher of Winston Churchill.

Randolph Churchill

Randolph Churchill

Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer-Churchill was an English journalist, writer, soldier, and politician. He served as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Preston from 1940 to 1945.

Cassell (publisher)

Cassell (publisher)

Cassell & Co is a British book publishing house, founded in 1848 by John Cassell (1817–1865), which became in the 1890s an international publishing group company.

Charles Eade

Charles Eade

Charles Eade was a British newspaper editor.

Miscellany

Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting coastal defence positions near Hartlepool on 31 July 1940.
Churchill inspects a 'Tommy gun' while visiting coastal defence positions near Hartlepool on 31 July 1940.
Title[27][28][29][33] Year of first
publication 		First edition publisher Notes
Charles, IXth Duke of Marlborough, KG Tributes by Rt Hon W Spencer-Churchill and C C Martindale 1934 Burns, Oates & Co, London With C C Martindale; reprinted from The Times
Maxims and Reflections 1948 Eyre & Spottiswoode, London Collection; revised and enlarged in 1954 as Sir Winston Churchill: A Self-Portrait
The Eagle Book of Adventure Stories 1950 Hulton Press, London With others
King George VI: The Prime Minister's Broadcast, February 7, 1952 1952 A J St Onge, Worcester, MA
Winston Churchill's Anti-Depression Proposal to Halt Inflation, Stabilize Prosperity, and Insure Full Freedom 1958 Public Revenue Education Council, St. Louis, MO
Churchill: His Paintings 1967 Hamish Hamilton, London Compiled by David Coombs and Minnie Churchill (later Mary Soames)
The Roar of the Lion 1969 Allan Wingate, London
Joan of Arc 1969 Dodd, Mead and Company, New York
Winston Churchill on America and Britain: A Selection of His Thoughts on America and Britain 1970 Walker Foreword by Lady Churchill
Young Winston's Wars: The Original Dispatches of Winston S. Churchill, War Correspondent, 1897–1900 1972 Sphere Books, London
Great Issues 71: A Forum on Important Questions Facing the American Public 1972 Troy State University, Troy, AL With John Glubb
If I Lived My Life Again 1974 W H Allen, London
The Collected Poems of Sir Winston Churchill 1981 Sun & Moon Press, College Park, MD Collected and edited by F. John Herbert
Churchill and Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence 1984 Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ Edited with commentary by Warren F. Kimball
Memories and Adventures 1989 Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London
Winston Churchill and Emery Reves: Correspondence, 1937–1964 1997 University of Texas Press, Austin, TX
Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill 1998 Doubleday, London Edited by Mary Soames

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Burns & Oates was a British Roman Catholic publishing house which most recently existed as an imprint of Continuum.

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The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register, adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp. The Times and The Sunday Times, which do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1966. In general, the political position of The Times is considered to be centre-right.

Eyre & Spottiswoode

Eyre & Spottiswoode

Eyre & Spottiswoode was the London-based printing firm established in 1739 that was the King's Printer, and subsequently, a publisher prior to being incorporated; it once went by the name of Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & co. ltd. In April 1929, it was incorporated as Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd.. It became part of Associated Book Publishers in 1958 and merged with Methuen in the 1970s with the resulting company known as Eyre Methuen.

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Mary Soames

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Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, was an English author. The youngest of the five children of Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine, she worked for public organisations including the Red Cross and the Women's Voluntary Service from 1939 to 1941, and joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service in 1941. She was the wife of Conservative politician Christopher Soames.

Clementine Churchill

Clementine Churchill

Clementine Ogilvy Spencer Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, was the wife of Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and a life peer in her own right. While legally the daughter of Sir Henry Hozier, her mother Lady Blanche's known infidelity and his suspected infertility make her paternal parentage uncertain.

Sphere Books

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Sphere Books is the name of two British paperback publishers.

Princeton University Press

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Weidenfeld & Nicolson

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Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd, often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books. It has been a division of the French-owned Orion Publishing Group since 1991.

University of Texas Press

University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin. Established in 1950, the Press publishes scholarly books and journals in several areas, including Latin American studies, Texana, anthropology, U.S. Latino studies, Native American studies, African American studies, film & media studies, classics and the ancient Near East, Middle East studies, natural history, art, and architecture. The Press also publishes trade books and journals relating to their major subject areas.

Doubleday (publisher)

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Doubleday is an American publishing company. It was founded as the Doubleday & McClure Company in 1897 and was the largest in the United States by 1947. It published the work of mostly U.S. authors under a number of imprints and distributed them through its own stores. In 2009 Doubleday merged with Knopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, which is now part of Penguin Random House. In 2019, the official website presents Doubleday as an imprint, not a publisher.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ £300 in 1895 equates to £36,866 in 2023; £500 in 1895 equates to £61,443 in 2023.[3]
  2. ^ £250 in 1899 equates to £29,939 in 2023.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953". Nobel Media. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  2. ^ Jenkins 2012, p. 21.
  3. ^ a b UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Gregory Clark (2016), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d Kitzan 2007, p. 330.
  5. ^ Johnson 2009, pp. 12–14.
  6. ^ a b Kitzan 1990, p. 85.
  7. ^ Jenkins 2012, pp. 31–32.
  8. ^ Johnson 2009, p. 331.
  9. ^ a b c d Addison 2004.
  10. ^ Jenkins 2012, p. 65.
  11. ^ Thomas 1987, pp. 4, 8.
  12. ^ Baker 2004.
  13. ^ Thomas 1987, p. 4.
  14. ^ Kitzan 2007, pp. 333–34.
  15. ^ Kitzan 2007, p. 334.
  16. ^ Thomas 1987, pp. 8–9.
  17. ^ a b Kitzan 2007, p. 337.
  18. ^ Johnson 2009, pp. 149–50.
  19. ^ Kitzan 2007, p. 338.
  20. ^ Johnson 2009, p. 11.
  21. ^ Wenden 1993, pp. 231–33.
  22. ^ Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 330, 332.
  23. ^ a b c d e f David Lough, No More Champagne: Churchill and his Money (London: Head of Zeus, 2015)
  24. ^ a b Roy Jenkins, Churchill: A Biography (Pan Macmillan, 2012)
  25. ^ Frederick Woods, Artillery of Words: The Writings of Sir Winston Churchill (London: Leo Copper, 1992)
  26. ^ Dockter, Warren (October 2011). "The Tale of Two Winstons". The Historian. 11: 10–12.
  27. ^ a b c d "Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill". Contemporary Authors. Gale. Retrieved 14 February 2016. (subscription required)
  28. ^ a b c Kitzan 1990, pp. 83–85.
  29. ^ a b c Kitzan 2007, pp. 327–29.
  30. ^ Thomas 1986, p. 11.
  31. ^ Nudd 1990, p. 12.
  32. ^ Barrett 2000, pp. 43–44.
  33. ^ a b c Thomas 1987, p. 12.
  34. ^ Kitzan 2007, p. 327.

Sources

Discover more about Notes and references related topics

Consumer Price Index (United Kingdom)

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John Gunther was an American journalist and writer.

Pen and Sword Books

Pen and Sword Books

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The Historian (journal)

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The Historian is a history journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the history honor society, Phi Alpha Theta. The journal was established in 1938. The Historian publishes original articles and book reviews in all areas of historical scholarship.

Contemporary Authors

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Gale (publisher)

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Gale is a global provider of research and digital learning resources. The company is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, west of Detroit. It has been a division of Cengage since 2007.

Paul Addison

Paul Addison

Paul Addison was a British historian known for his research on the political history of Britain during the Second World War and the post-war period. Addison was part of the first generation of academic historians to study the conflict and is most notable for The Road to 1945 (1975) which traced the origins of the post-war consensus into the wartime period.

Roy Jenkins

Roy Jenkins

Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, was a British politician who served as President of the European Commission from 1977 to 1981. At various times a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Labour Party, Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Liberal Democrats, he was Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary under the Wilson and Callaghan Governments.

Paul Johnson (writer)

Paul Johnson (writer)

Paul Bede Johnson was an English journalist, popular historian, speechwriter and author. Although associated with the political left in his early career, he became a popular conservative historian.

Source: "Winston Churchill as writer", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 1st), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill_as_writer.

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Further Reading

Winston Churchill

Lady Randolph Churchill

Lord Randolph Churchill

Randolph Churchill

Chartwell

Clementine Churchill

The River War

Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Moran

Savrola

My Early Life

Bindon Blood

Later life of Winston Churchill

Hector C. Macpherson

Winston Churchill as painter

Early life of Winston Churchill

1902 Nobel Prize in Literature

1953 Nobel Prize in Literature
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