West Fourth Street–Washington Square station

West 4 Street–
Washington Square
West 4 Street–; Washington Square
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
	The station's mezzanine
Station statistics
Address	West Third Street & Sixth Avenue; New York, NY 10014; (main station entrance)
Borough	Manhattan
Locale	Greenwich Village
Coordinates	40°43′54″N 74°00′03″W / 40.731682°N 74.000945°WCoordinates: 40°43′54″N 74°00′03″W / 40.731682°N 74.000945°W
Division	B (IND)
Line	IND Sixth Avenue Line; IND Eighth Avenue Line
Services	A (all times); B (weekdays at all hours except late evenings and nights); C (all times except late nights); D (all times); E (all times); F (all times) (two rush hour trains, peak direction); M (weekdays at all hours except late nights)
Transit	NYCT Bus: M8, M55, SIM7, SIM33; PATH: JSQ–33, HOB–33, JSQ–33 (via HOB) (at Ninth Street)
Structure	Underground
Levels	2
Platforms	4 island platforms (2 on each level); cross-platform interchange
Tracks	8 (4 on each level)
Other information
Opened	September 10, 1932; 90 years ago (upper level); December 15, 1940; 82 years ago (lower level)
Accessible	ADA-accessible
Opposite-; direction; transfer	Yes
Traffic
2019	14,063,633 4.6%
Rank	19 out of 424
Location
Track layout
	Legend
Upper level (Eighth Avenue Line)
Lower level (Sixth Avenue Line)
Street map
Station service legend
Symbol	Description
	Stops all times except late nights
	Stops all times
	Stops late nights only
	Stops weekdays only
	Stops rush hours in the peak direction only (limited service)
	West 4th Street Subway Station (IND)
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
MPS	New York City Subway System MPS
NRHP reference No.	05000223
Added to NRHP	March 30, 2005

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way

The West Fourth Street–Washington Square station is an express station and transfer stop on the IND Sixth Avenue and IND Eighth Avenue Lines of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of West Fourth Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in Greenwich Village, Manhattan. It is served by the A, D, E, and F trains at all times; the B and M trains on weekdays; the C train at all times except late nights; and the train during rush hours in the peak direction.

The West Fourth Street station was built as an express station for the Independent Subway System (IND)'s Sixth Avenue and Eighth Avenue Lines. It has four island platforms and eight tracks, split evenly across two levels, which are connected by a mezzanine. The Eighth Avenue Line platforms on the upper level opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the IND's first segment, while the Sixth Avenue Line platforms on the lower level opened on December 15, 1940. The West Fourth Street station contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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History

Construction and opening

New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines, which would compete with the IRT and the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), the two major subway operators of the time.^[6]^[7] On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line.^[8] This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan, to Downtown Brooklyn, running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.^[8]^[9]

An additional line, the IND Sixth Avenue Line, was approved in 1925, running from Midtown Manhattan underneath Sixth Avenue, Houston Street, Essex Street, and the Rutgers Street Tunnel to Downtown Brooklyn.^[10] The IND Sixth Avenue Line was designed to replace the elevated IRT Sixth Avenue Line.^[11] The transfer hub between the Eighth Avenue and Sixth Avenue lines, at Sixth Avenue and West 4th Street in Greenwich Village, was named "West Fourth Street" as opposed to merely "Fourth Street" because the planners of the Independent Subway System believed there would be confusion between this station and "South Fourth Street", a proposed transfer station on the never-built IND Second System in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.^[12] Real estate developers expected that the construction of the West Fourth Street station would spur development around Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.^[13]

Eighth Avenue Line

Work on the IND Eighth Avenue Line began in 1925.^[14] Most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheap cut-and-cover method.^[15] The West 4th Street station was to be one of three Eighth Avenue Line stations underneath Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan; the other two stations were to be at Spring Street and Walker Street.^[16] As part of the construction of the Eighth Avenue Line in Lower Manhattan, Sixth Avenue was extended south to Church Street starting in 1926.^[17] This required the demolition of dozens of buildings along the route, including a hotel and several houses within the vicinity of the West Fourth Street station.^[18] By August 1930, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed, except for the stations between Chambers Street–Hudson Terminal and West Fourth Street, which were only 21 percent completed.^[19]

A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening.^[20]^[21] The upper level of the West Fourth Street station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street.^[22]^[23] When the station opened in 1932, express (A) and local (AA) trains served the line; expresses did not run during late nights or Sundays.^[2] When the IND Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,^[24] the C express train started operating, while all locals became CC trains to the Concourse Line.^[25] The E began using the local tracks on August 19, 1933, when the IND Queens Boulevard Line opened.^[26]

Sixth Avenue Line

The first portion of the Sixth Avenue Line to be constructed was the Houston–Essex Street Line south of the West Fourth Street station. The contract for the line was awarded to Corson Construction in January 1929,^[27] and work officially started in May 1929.^[28] The Houston–Essex Street Line opened on January 1, 1936. Two local tracks split from a junction with the Eighth Avenue Line south of West Fourth Street–Washington Square, running east under Houston Street and south under Essex Street to a temporary terminal at East Broadway. The E train, which had traveled to Chambers Street, was diverted along the new line south of West Fourth Street.^[29] When the Houston–Essex Street Line was completed in April 1936, E trains and ran to Church Avenue.^[30]

The Midtown section of the Sixth Avenue Line was much more difficult to construct because part of this stretch of Sixth Avenue was already occupied by the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M)'s Uptown Hudson Tubes, which ran between Eighth and 33rd Streets.^[31] As a result, negotiations between the city and the H&M continued for several years.^[32] The IND and H&M finally came to an agreement in 1930. The city had decided to build the IND Sixth Avenue Line's local tracks around the pre-existing H&M tubes, and add express tracks for the IND underneath the H&M tubes at a later date.^[33]

The Midtown section of the Sixth Avenue Line did not begin construction until March 1936.^[34]^[35] The line was to connect with the lower level of the West Fourth Street station, which had already been constructed.^[36] The line's Midtown section opened on December 15, 1940.^[37]^[38] The F train, which made local stops along the Sixth Avenue Line, replaced the E train along the Houston–Essex Street Line and started serving the lower level of the West Fourth Street station.^[39]

Modifications

The Sixth Avenue Line's Midtown section, comprising the section between the West Fourth Street and 34th Street–Herald Square stations, originally did not have express tracks.^[40] On April 19, 1961, ground was broken for a $22 million project to build two express tracks between these two stations.^[41] On November 26, 1967, the express tracks started to be used by the B and D trains. At that time, the first part of the Chrystie Street Connection opened, connecting the express tracks at the Broadway–Lafayette Street station one stop south to the Manhattan Bridge.^[42] On July 1, 1968, another section of the Chrystie Street Connection opened, allowing Sixth and Eighth Avenue local trains to use the Williamsburg Bridge.^[43] The Williamsburg Bridge connection has been used by the M train since 2010.^[44]

As early as 1965, Manhattan borough president Earl Brown requested that mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. add funding for an escalator at the West Fourth Street station to the city's capital budget.^[45] Two up-only escalators were installed in the station in 1970, connecting the Sixth Avenue Line platforms to the Eighth Avenue Line platforms; one escalator was installed on the northbound side, while the other was installed on the southbound side. As part of a $4.3 million project, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) closed the escalators for renovations in 1998.^[46]

In 2002, the MTA announced that elevators would be installed at the West Fourth Street station.^[47] The elevator installation was delayed by over a year and was finally completed in April 2005, but the elevators then suffered from frequent breakdowns.^[48] In 2005 alone, the three elevators were out of service for a cumulative nine months,^[49] and one elevator was closed off for 134 days.^[50] That year, passengers made 57 complaints about the elevators, including seven instances in which riders were trapped in the elevators.^[51] Consequently, disability-rights groups sued the MTA over the elevators.^[52]

The upper level (at left) serves Eighth Avenue Line trains, while the lower level (at right) serves Sixth Avenue Line trains.

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Station layout

G	Street level	Exit/entrance
B1	Mezzanine	Fare control, station agents Elevator at northeast corner of Sixth Avenue and 3rd Street
B2	Northbound local	← toward 168th Street (14th Street) ← toward Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer (14th Street) ← toward Inwood–207th Street late nights (14th Street)
	Island platform
	Northbound express	← toward Inwood–207th Street (14th Street)
	Southbound express	→ toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue, Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard or Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street (Canal Street) →
	Island platform
	Southbound local	→ toward Euclid Avenue (Spring Street) → → toward World Trade Center (Spring Street) → → toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue late nights (Spring Street) →
B3	Mezzanine	Connection between platform levels
B4	Northbound local	← toward Jamaica–179th Street (14th Street) ← weekdays toward 71st Avenue (14th Street)
	Island platform
	Northbound express	← weekdays toward Bedford Park Boulevard or 145th Street (34th Street–Herald Square) ← toward Norwood–205th Street (34th Street–Herald Square)
	Southbound express	→ weekdays toward Brighton Beach (Broadway–Lafayette Street) → → toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via West End (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →
	Island platform
	Southbound local	→ toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via Culver (Broadway–Lafayette Street) → → weekdays toward Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →

Tile caption below trim line

The West Fourth Street station was built by the IND as the major transfer point between its two Manhattan trunk lines. It can be considered the "heart" of the IND system as it is the location of the zero point on the IND chaining. It is a bi-level station with a connecting concourse between the two platform levels. The Eighth Avenue Line occupies the upper level, while the Sixth Avenue Line uses the lower level. Both levels use identical platform arrangements–two island platforms between four tracks, allowing for cross-platform interchanges between local and express trains in each direction.

There are three fare control areas – two at the northern end of the station, and one at the southern end. All lead directly to the Eighth Avenue Line on the upper level platforms; access to the Sixth Avenue Line on the lower level is via stairs and elevators from the upper level and/or the full-length mezzanine between the two levels. Several escalators are present, which go directly between one of the lower level platforms to its corresponding upper level platform. The elevators, added in April 2005 to make the station ADA-accessible, provide access to both levels and to the mezzanine.^[53]

The walls of the station contain green-tile bands with green borders; since West 4th Street is an express station, it has a wider tile band than local stations.^[54] When the station was being built, New York University (NYU) officials had requested that the station contain purple tile bands because that was NYU's official color. However, this was not done because ^[15] Small tile captions reading "WEST 4" run below the trim lines at regular intervals. Hunter green I-beam columns run along all the platforms, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate; The signs read "West 4 Street", replacing the older signs which simply read "W4".

Exits

Street stair

The station does not have an exit to Fourth Street itself anymore, though an exit formerly existed there.^[55] The northern exits are on the northern side of 6th Avenue and Waverly Place. Two staircases go up to the northeast corner, both built into alcoves of stores, and one to the northwest corner. The southern exits are at West Third Street, on the east and west sides of 6th Avenue.^[56]

Two to the northwest corner (within building), one to the northeast corner (within building) of Sixth Avenue and Waverly Place^[56]
One to the east side of Sixth Avenue north of Waverly Place^[56]
One elevator and staircase on the northeast corner of Sixth Avenue and West Third Street^[56]
One on the west side of Sixth Avenue at West Third Street^[56]

There are also four additional closed exits that directly led to the mezzanine. Two went to Washington Place, and the other two went to West 4th Street itself.^[55] There is a fifth closed exit at one northern fare control area; it led to the southwestern corner of Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue.

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Nearby points of interest

Source: "West Fourth Street–Washington Square station", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 19th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Fourth_Street–Washington_Square_station.

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^ ^a ^b Warner, Arthur (November 22, 1931). "The City's New Underground Province; The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be Not Only a Transit Line but a Centre for the Shopper A New Underground Province of New York The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be a Rapid Transit Line With Innovations and Will Provide Centres for the Shoppers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
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^ Adams, Mildred (September 19, 1926). "Traffic Now Forces Huge Street Cutting; Sixth Avenue Extension to Focal Point on Canal, Street Is Perhaps the Most Extraordinary of Its Kind in the Entire History of New York City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
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^ "Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches". The New York Times. August 24, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
^ "Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted". The New York Times. September 9, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
^ "8th Av. Subway Gets First 5c. by Woman's Error: She Peers Into a Station, Hears Train, Pays for Ride, but Is Day Too Early Preparing for Tomorrow's Rush on 8th Ave. Subway". New York Herald Tribune. September 9, 1932. p. 1. ProQuest 1125436641.
^ Crowell, Paul (September 10, 1932). "Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
^ Sebring, Lewis B. (September 10, 1932). "Midnight Jam Opens City's New Subway: Turnstiles Click Into Action at 12:01 A. M. as Throngs Battle for Places in 'First' Trains Boy, 7, Leads Rush At 42d St. Station City at Last Hails 8th Ave. Line After 7-Year Wait; Cars Bigger, Clean Transit Commissioner Officially Opening New Subway at Midnight". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114839882.
^ "New Bronx Subway Starts Operation". The New York Times. July 1, 1933. p. 15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^ Station Guide, Independent City Owned Rapid Transit Railroad (PDF) (Map). New York City Board of Transportation. c. 1937.
^ "Two Subway Units Open at Midnight". The New York Times. August 18, 1933. p. 17. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^ "East Side Subway Will Evict 10,000; Work on New Line, Likely to Begin in May, Will Force Many Tenants to Move. 200 Buildings Will Fall Transportation Board Notifies Property Owners—Condemnation to Coat Over $11,000,000. Expect Work to Start in May. Residents Recall Other Days". The New York Times. February 24, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
^ "East Side Subway Started By Mayor; He Breaks Ground for Crosstown System at Second Av. and East Houston St. Miller Hails Project Sees Area Rejuvenated by Line and City's Plan to Raze Old Tenements". The New York Times. May 2, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
^ "LaGuardia Opens New Subway Link". The New York Times. January 2, 1936. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "New Subway Link Opened by Mayor". The New York Times. April 9, 1936. p. 23. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ "6th Av. Subway Plan Hinges On Tubes' Use; City Must Reach Agreement With Hudson & Manhattan to Carry Out Project". The New York Times. November 20, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
^ "Final Contracts To Finish Subway Awarded By City; Include $20,000,000 for Cars, Equipment and Substations for Manhattan Line. Operation Set For 1931 Board of Transportation Moves to Rid Sixth Avenue of Trolley Tracks. Seeks To Buy Franchise Line Willing to Exchange It for Bus Permit—Negotiations Pushed to Extend Tube". The New York Times. August 1, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
^ "Delaney For Razing Elevated Line Now; Work in 6th Av. Could Begin in Six Months if Condemnation Started at Once, He Says. Sees Cut In Subway Cost Eliminating Need for Underpinning Would Save $4,000,000 and Speed Construction, He Holds". The New York Times. January 11, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
^ "Mayor to Start Work on Sixth Av. Subway; La Guardia to Use Pneumatic Drill at Ceremony at Noon Tomorrow in Bryant Park". The New York Times. March 22, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
^ "Mayor Starts Construction of 6th Av. Subway: Demands Razing of 'El' as He Breaks Ground at Bryant Park Entrance Appeals for Unification Warns Rate War Is Likely to Follow Failure of Plan". New York Herald Tribune. March 24, 1936. p. 9. ProQuest 1222069808.
^ Harrington, John W. (May 5, 1935). "City Plans Its Costliest Subway; In a Short Two Miles Under Sixth Avenue the Engineers Will Encounter Many Intricate Problems". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
^ "First-Day Traffic on 6th Ave. Line Greatly Exceeds All Expectations; But Real Test of New Subway Will Come in Today's Rush Hours--Mezzanine Corridor Evokes General Approval". The New York Times. December 16, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
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^ Levey, Stanley (April 19, 1961). "Construction of New IND Tunnel For 6th Ave. Line Begins Today; Express Tracks Deep Under Street to Run From 4th to 34th St. – 1964 Finish Set for $22,000,000 Job". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
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^ "NYC Transit's Goals for 2002" (PDF). The Bulletin. Vol. 45, no. 10. Electric Railroaders' Association. October 2002. p. 1.
^ Chan, Sewell (October 29, 2005). "New Elevators in Subways Are Delayed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
^ Desai, Kapil (August 7, 2006). "Lovin' an Elevator - Or Not". Gothamist. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
^ Silverman, Justin Rocket (August 7, 2006). "Study: Subway elevators often broken". Newsday. p. 6. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
^ Neuman, William (May 19, 2008). "$1 Billion Later, New York's Subway Elevators Still Fail". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
^ "MTA is Sued Over Broken Elevators - New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News". WNYC. October 28, 2005. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
^ Chan, Sewell (October 29, 2005). "New Elevators in Subways Are Delayed". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
^ "Tile Colors a Guide in the New Subway; Decoration Scheme Changes at Each Express Stop to Tell Riders Where They Are". The New York Times. August 22, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Review of the A and C Lines (PDF) (Report). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 11, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "MTA Neighborhood Maps: West VIllage" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.

External links

nycsubway.org

nycsubway.org – IND 8th Avenue: West Fourth Street/Washington Square
nycsubway.org – IND 6th Avenue: West Fourth Street/Washington Square

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West Fourth Street–Washington Square station

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IND Sixth Avenue Line

IND Eighth Avenue Line

Greenwich Village

A (New York City Subway service)

D (New York City Subway service)

E (New York City Subway service)

F (New York City Subway service)

B (New York City Subway service)

C (New York City Subway service)

Independent Subway System

Island platform

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

History

Construction and opening

Eighth Avenue Line

Sixth Avenue Line

Modifications

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John Francis Hylan

Independent Subway System

Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation

IND Eighth Avenue Line

Inwood, Manhattan

Downtown Brooklyn

Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)

Greenwich Avenue

Houston Street

Essex Street

IRT Sixth Avenue Line

Greenwich Village

Station layout

Exits

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Accessibility

C (New York City Subway service)

E (New York City Subway service)

Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer station

A (New York City Subway service)

Inwood–207th Street station

Island platform

Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue station

Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard station

Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street station

Canal Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

Nearby points of interest

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Further Reading

Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal station

Seventh Avenue station (IND lines)

Canal Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

168th Street station (New York City Subway)

34th Street–Herald Square station

Forest Hills–71st Avenue station

50th Street station (IND lines)

34th Street–Penn Station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

145th Street station (IND lines)

59th Street–Columbus Circle station

47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station

125th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

23rd Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line)

York Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line)

42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station

14th Street/Eighth Avenue station

Broadway–Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street station

14th Street/Sixth Avenue station

References

External links

Categories

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