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Vigintisexviri

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The vigintisexviri (sg. vigintisexvir; lit. 'twenty-six men') were a college (collegium) of minor magistrates (magistratus minores) in the Roman Republic. The college consisted of six boards:[1]

  • the decemviri stlitibus judicandis – 10 magistrates who judged lawsuits, including those dealing with whether a man was free or a slave;[2]
  • the tresviri capitales, also known as nocturni – three magistrates who had a police function in Rome, in charge of prisons and the execution of criminals;[3]
  • the tresviri monetales or tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo – three magistrates who were in charge of striking and casting bronze, silver and gold (minting coins);[4]
  • the quattuorviri viis in urbe purgandis – four magistrates overseeing road maintenance within the city of Rome;
  • the duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis – two magistrates overseeing road maintenance near Rome; and
  • the four praefecti Capuam Cumas – praefecti sent to Capua and Cumae in Campania to administer justice there.[1]

Being a member of the vigintisexviri was a prerequisite to the quaestorship after the reforms of Sulla.[5] The label used for these magistrates may only have been introduced after Sullan times, but the first of the constituent boards may date back to the third century BC.[1]

The duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis and the four praefecti Capuam Cumas were abolished by Augustus c. 13 BC, reducing the vigintisexviri to the vigintiviri.[1] In AD 13, the senate restricted eligibility, ordaining that only equites should be eligible to the college of the then-vigintiviri.[6] The remaining boards were not abolished entirely until at least the third century.[1]

Discover more about Vigintisexviri related topics

Collegium (ancient Rome)

Collegium (ancient Rome)

A collegium, or college, was any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entity. Following the passage of the Lex Julia during the reign of Julius Caesar as Consul and Dictator of the Roman Republic, and their reaffirmation during the reign of Caesar Augustus as Princeps senatus and Imperator of the Roman Army, collegia required the approval of the Roman Senate or the Emperor in order to be authorized as legal bodies. Such associations could be civil or religious. The word collegium literally means "society", from collega (‘colleague’). They functioned as social clubs or religious collectives whose members worked towards their shared interests. These shared interests encompassed a wide range of the various aspects of urban life; including political interests, cult practices, professions, trade, and civic services. The social connections fostered by collegia contributed to their influence on politics and the economy; acting as lobbying groups and representative groups for traders and merchants. Some collegia were linked to participating in political violence and social unrest, which resulted in the suppression of social associations by the Roman government.

Roman Republic

Roman Republic

The Roman Republic was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period—from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.

Constitutional reforms of Sulla

Constitutional reforms of Sulla

The constitutional reforms of Sulla were a series of laws enacted by the Roman dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla between 82 and 80 BC, reforming the Constitution of the Roman Republic in a revolutionary way.

Augustus

Augustus

Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Principate, which is the first phase of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession.

Source: "Vigintisexviri", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, August 13th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigintisexviri.

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Further Reading

Quaestor

Seleucus IV Philopator

Lictor

Aerarium

Quintus Salvius Salvidienus Rufus

Triumvir monetalis

Licinius II
References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e Purcell 2012.
  2. ^ Drummond 2012.
  3. ^ Oxford Classical Dictionary 1999, "police".
  4. ^ Melville-Jones 1990, "mint magistrates".
  5. ^ Brennan 2012.
  6. ^ Smith 1875.

Sources

  • Brennan, T Corey (2012). "cursus honorum". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 400. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1965. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.
  • Drummond, A (2012). "decemviri stlitibus iudicandis". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 400. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2051. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.
  • Melville-Jones, John R. (1990). A dictionary of ancient Roman coins. London: Seaby. ISBN 1-85264-026-X. OCLC 25283897.
  • Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony, eds. (1996). The Oxford classical dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford. ISBN 0-19-866172-X. OCLC 34284310.
  • Purcell, N (2012). "vigintisexviri, vigintiviri". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.). The Oxford classical dictionary (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 1551. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6807. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8. OCLC 959667246.
  • Smith, William, ed. (1875). "vigintisexviri". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. London: John Murray. p. 983. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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