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Ute (vehicle)

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A ute (/juːt/ YOOT), originally an abbreviation for "utility" or "coupé utility", is a term used in Australia and New Zealand to describe vehicles with a tonneau behind the passenger compartment, that can be driven with a regular driver's license.

Traditionally, the term referred to vehicles built on passenger car chassis and with the cargo tray integrated with the passenger body (coupé utility vehicles). However, present-day usage of the term "ute" in Australia and New Zealand has expanded to include any vehicle with an open cargo area at the rear,[1][2][3][4][5] which would be called a pickup truck in other countries.

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Coupé utility

Coupé utility

A coupé utility is a vehicle with a passenger compartment at the front and an integrated cargo tray at the rear, with the front of the cargo bed doubling as the rear of the passenger compartment.

Australia

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with deserts in the centre, tropical rainforests in the north-east, and mountain ranges in the south-east.

New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island and the South Island —and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.

Tonneau

Tonneau

A tonneau is an area of a car or truck open at the top. It can be for passengers or cargo.

Pickup truck

Pickup truck

A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin, and a back end made up of a cargo bed that is enclosed by three low walls with no roof. In Australia and New Zealand, both pickups and coupé utilities are called utes, short for utility vehicle. In South Africa, people of all language groups use the term bakkie, a diminutive of bak, Afrikaans for "basket".

Etymology

Historically, the term "ute" (short for 'utility vehicle') has been used to describe a 2-door vehicle based on a passenger car chassis, such as the Holden Commodore, Australian Ford Falcon, Chevrolet El Camino and Subaru BRAT. Australian-produced utes were traditionally rear-wheel drive and with the cargo tray integrated with the passenger body (as opposed to a pickup truck, where the cargo tray is separated from the passenger body).

In the 21st century, the term has become more broadly used, for any vehicle with a cargo tray at the rear (which would be called a pickup truck in other countries).[6][7][8][9][10][11]

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Utility vehicle

Utility vehicle

A utility vehicle is a vehicle, generally motorized, that is designed to carry out a specific task with more efficacy than a passenger vehicle. It sometimes refers to a small truck with low sides.

Holden Commodore

Holden Commodore

The Holden Commodore is a full-size car that was sold by Holden from 1978 to 2020. It was manufactured from 1978 to 2017 in Australia and from 1979 to 1990 in New Zealand, with production of the locally manufactured versions in Australia ending on 20 October 2017.

Ford Falcon (Australia)

Ford Falcon (Australia)

The Ford Falcon is a full-sized car that was manufactured by Ford Australia from 1960 to 2016. From the XA series of 1972 onward, each Falcon and range of derivates have been designed, developed, and built in Australia, following the phasing out of the American-influenced Falcon of 1960 to 1971, which had been re-engineered locally as the XK to XY series for the harsher Australian conditions. The luxury-oriented Ford Fairmont model joined the range from 1965. Luxury long-wheelbase derivative versions called the Ford Fairlane and LTD arrived in 1967 and 1973 respectively with production ending in 2007.

Chevrolet El Camino

Chevrolet El Camino

The Chevrolet El Camino is a coupé utility vehicle that was produced by Chevrolet between 1959–60 and 1964–1987. Unlike a standard pickup truck, the El Camino was adapted from the standard two-door Chevrolet station wagon platform and integrated the cab and cargo bed into the body.

Subaru BRAT

Subaru BRAT

The Subaru BRAT was a light-duty, four-wheel drive coupé utility, version of the Subaru Leone originally introduced in 1977. The BRAT was developed directly from the company's four-wheel drive station wagon model and was first introduced as a 1978 model – following the concept of coupe utilities such as the Chevrolet El Camino and the Ford Ranchero. The BRAT is also known as a Brumby, MV Pickup or Shifter depending on where it was sold. The vehicle was sold from 1978 until 1994.

Rear-wheel drive

Rear-wheel drive

Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles feature a longitudinally-mounted engine at the front of the car.

Pickup truck

Pickup truck

A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin, and a back end made up of a cargo bed that is enclosed by three low walls with no roof. In Australia and New Zealand, both pickups and coupé utilities are called utes, short for utility vehicle. In South Africa, people of all language groups use the term bakkie, a diminutive of bak, Afrikaans for "basket".

History

The first Australian ute: a 1934 Ford Australia Coupe UtilityRoadster Utility: a 1927 Chevrolet National
The first Australian ute: a 1934 Ford Australia Coupe Utility
The first Australian ute: a 1934 Ford Australia Coupe UtilityRoadster Utility: a 1927 Chevrolet National
Roadster Utility: a 1927 Chevrolet National

The concept of a two-door vehicle based on a passenger car chassis with a tray at the rear began in the United States in the 1920s with the roadster utility (also called "roadster pickup" or "light delivery") models.[12] These vehicles were soft-top convertibles, compared with the fixed steel roof used by most utes.

Ford Australia was the first company to produce an Australian Coupe ute, which was released in 1934.[13] This was the result of a 1932 letter from the unnamed wife of a farmer in Australia asking for "a vehicle to go to church in on a Sunday and which can carry our pigs to market on Mondays".[13] In response, Ford designer Lew Bandt designed a two-door body with a tray at the rear for the American Ford Model A chassis, and the model was named "coupe utility".[13] When the Australian version was displayed in the US, Henry Ford nicknamed it the "Kangaroo Chaser". A convertible version, known as the roadster utility was produced in limited numbers by Ford in the 1930s.[14][15]

In 1951, Holden released a "utility" model, which was based on the 48–215 sedan. With both Ford and Holden now producing utes, this started the long-standing tradition of Australian-designed 2 door vehicles with a tray at the back, based on a passenger-car sedan chassis.[16]

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Cultural impact

2010 HSV Maloo R8
2010 HSV Maloo R8

Australia has developed a culture around utes, particularly in rural areas with events known as ute musters. It is common, particularly in rural areas, to customise utes in the "B&S style" with bullbars, spotlights, oversized mudflaps, exhaust pipe flaps and UHF aerials.[17] Since 1998, the "Deni Ute Muster" has been held in the town of Deniliquin, which has become a major attraction for the area.[18][19]

High performance utes were also sold in Australia, including the FPV F6 and the HSV Maloo.[20] The 2017 HSV GTSR Maloo is powered by a 6.2 L (378 cu in) supercharged V8 engine producing 435 kW (583 hp).[21][22]

The Australian V8 Utes is a racing series based on lightly modified production Holden and Ford utes.

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Ute muster

Ute muster

A ute muster is an Australian festival which brings together large numbers of utes and their owners. These events typically include competitions and other side events, occur annually, and normally last several days and are held in rural and regional areas of Australia and New Zealand.

Bullbar

Bullbar

A bullbar or push bumper is a device installed on the front of a vehicle to protect its front from collisions, whether an accidental collision with a large animal in rural roads, or an intentional collision by police with another vehicle. They range considerably in size and form, and are normally composed of welded steel or aluminium tubing, or, more recently, moulded polycarbonate and polyethylene materials. The "bull" in the name refers to cattle, which in rural areas sometimes roam onto rural roads and highways.

Mudflap

Mudflap

A mudflap or mud guard is used in combination with the vehicle fender to protect the vehicle, passengers, other vehicles, and pedestrians from mud and other flying debris thrown into the air by the rotating tire. A mudflap is typically made from a flexible material such as rubber that is not easily damaged by contact with flying debris, the tire, or the road surface.

Ultra high frequency

Ultra high frequency

Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter. Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the super-high frequency (SHF) or microwave frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by line of sight; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication including GPS, personal radio services including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, satellite phones, and numerous other applications.

Deniliquin

Deniliquin

Deniliquin is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, close to the border with Victoria. It is the largest town in the Edward River Council local government area.

FPV F6

FPV F6

The FPV F6 is an automobile that was produced in Australia by Ford Performance Vehicles from 2004 until 2014. It is a high-performance derivative of the Australian Ford Falcon.

Australian models

Ford

1936 Ford Model 48 coupé utility, with a roadster top1964/65 Ford XM Falcon Utility2018 Ford Ranger dual cab ute
1936 Ford Model 48 coupé utility, with a roadster top
1936 Ford Model 48 coupé utility, with a roadster top1964/65 Ford XM Falcon Utility2018 Ford Ranger dual cab ute
2018 Ford Ranger dual cab ute

The ute variant of the Ford Falcon was produced from 1961-2016.[12] For the first 38 years of production, the design used a coupe ute style, but with the introduction of the 1999 AU Falcon, the Falcon ute switched to a cargo bed that is separate from the cabin, while still retaining the Falcon sedan front-end and cabin.[23] The cargo bed was separated so that both "utility" and "cab chassis" body styles could be produced together.

Utes produced by Ford in Australia:

In addition, the Ford Ranger (T6) was designed by Ford Australia, but built elsewhere. It was the second best selling new car in Australia in 2019[25] and 2020.[26]

Holden

1953-1957 FJ Holden Ute1971-1974 HQ Holden Ute
1953-1957 FJ Holden Ute
1953-1957 FJ Holden Ute1971-1974 HQ Holden Ute
1971-1974 HQ Holden Ute

From 1951–1968, the "utility" was sold as part of the 48–215 to HR model ranges.[27] From 1968–1984 the "utility" was included in the Holden Belmont/Kingswood range. In 1984, Holden discontinued the ute variant and it was not part of the VB to VL Commodore ranges. The model returned in 1990 based on the VN Commodore chassis and remained part of the model range until Australian production ended in 2017. In 2000, the Holden Commodore was the first Australian ute to feature independent rear suspension,[28] the Ford Falcon ute retained a live axle rear suspension design until production ended in 2016.[29]

In 2008, the VE Commodore Ute was proposed to be exported to North America as the Pontiac G8 ST. At least one prototype was built, but GM decided not to proceed with production due to the Global Financial Crisis.[30][31]

Utes produced by Holden or its parent company General Motors in Australia:

Holden also sells rebadged utes produced elsewhere. They include:

Chrysler

1970-1971 Chrysler Valiant VG Ute
1970-1971 Chrysler Valiant VG Ute

Models:

British Leyland

Models:

Hillman

Models:

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Ford Model 48

Ford Model 48

The Model 48 was an update on Ford's V8-powered Model 40A, the company's main product. Introduced in 1935, the Model 48 was given a cosmetic refresh annually, begetting the 1937 Ford before being thoroughly redesigned for 1941. The 1935 Ford's combination of price, practicality, and looks vaulted the company ahead of rival Chevrolet for the sales crown that year, with 820,000 sold.

Roadster (automobile)

Roadster (automobile)

A roadster is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

Ford Ranger (T6)

Ford Ranger (T6)

The Ford Ranger (T6) is a range of mid-size pickup trucks manufactured and sold by Ford Motor Company since 2011. Consolidating worldwide production of the Ranger onto a single model range, the model line replaced the 1998–2012 Ranger marketed in North America and South America and the Mazda-derived Ranger sold in Asia-Pacific, Europe and several Latin American markets.

Ford Falcon (Australia)

Ford Falcon (Australia)

The Ford Falcon is a full-sized car that was manufactured by Ford Australia from 1960 to 2016. From the XA series of 1972 onward, each Falcon and range of derivates have been designed, developed, and built in Australia, following the phasing out of the American-influenced Falcon of 1960 to 1971, which had been re-engineered locally as the XK to XY series for the harsher Australian conditions. The luxury-oriented Ford Fairmont model joined the range from 1965. Luxury long-wheelbase derivative versions called the Ford Fairlane and LTD arrived in 1967 and 1973 respectively with production ending in 2007.

Ford Mainline

Ford Mainline

The Ford Mainline is an automobile which was produced by Ford in the United States in the models years 1952 to 1956. It was introduced as the base trim level of the 1952 Ford range below the Customline and Crestline models. The Mainline retained its position in the redesigned 1955 Ford range but was dropped for the 1957 model year when the Ford Custom became the new base model.

Ford Prefect

Ford Prefect

The Ford Prefect is a line of British cars which was produced by Ford UK between 1938 and 1961 as an upmarket version of the Ford Popular and Ford Anglia small family cars. It was introduced in October 1938 and remained in production until 1941. Returning to the market in 1945, it was offered until 1961. The car progressed in 1953 from its original perpendicular or "sit-up-and-beg" style to a more modern three-box structure. Some versions were also built and sold by Ford Australia.

Holden FJ

Holden FJ

The Holden FJ series is a range of motor vehicles which was produced in Australia by Holden from 1953 until 1956. The FJ was the second model of an "all Australian car" manufactured by Holden and was based upon the established 48-215 series, commonly referred to as the "FX".

Holden HQ

Holden HQ

The Holden HQ series is a range of automobiles that was produced by Holden in Australia from 1971 to 1974. The HQ was released on 15 July 1971, replacing the Holden HG series. It was the first ground-up redesign of the Holden line since its original release in 1948, and included an all-new body, chassis, and suspension. The HQ was later developed into a series of successor models, finally ending production when the WB series was discontinued in 1984.

Holden Special

Holden Special

The Holden Special is a mid-size car that was manufactured by Holden for Australasia. Introduced as the top-level trim in the new Holden FJ range of 1953, the Special was complemented by the entry-level Holden Standard and the mid-range Holden Business. The Business was in fact already available, introduced in July 1953 in the 48 series first seen in 1948. Three months later, the FJ was introduced, therefore forming a three-model lineup based around one car. A "Standard"-type variant also existed in the 48 series, but had been marketed simply as the "Holden".

Asian models

Isuzu

2013 Isuzu D-Max crew cab chassis
2013 Isuzu D-Max crew cab chassis

Isuzu sells the Isuzu D-Max in Australia. Previously, this vehicle was sold rebadged as the Holden Rodeo.

Mazda

2015 Mazda BT-50
2015 Mazda BT-50

Mazda has sold the Mazda BT-50 in Australia since 2006.

Mitsubishi

2017 Mitsubishi Triton cab chassis
2017 Mitsubishi Triton cab chassis

Mitsubishi has sold the Mitsubishi Triton in Australia since 1978. In 2019, it was the fifth best selling new car in Australia.[25]

Nissan

Between 1971-2008 Nissan sold the Nissan Sunny Truck as a ute in Australia. Since 1985, Nissan has sold the Nissan Navara pickup style ute in Australia.

Proton

Between 2002-2010, the Proton Jumbuck was sold in Australia as a ute.

Subaru

1989 Subaru Brumby
1989 Subaru Brumby

Subaru produced the Subaru Brumby, a small AWD model derived from the second generation Leone. It was sold between 1978–1993 and known as the BRAT, Shifter, MV, and Targa in countries other than Australia. It is relatively well known due to its long production life and use in popular culture. It was built in Japan, but never sold there.

Suzuki

From 1983 to 1988, Suzuki built a ute version of their Alto kei car called the Mighty Boy. It was sold in Japan, Australia, and Cyprus.

Toyota

1962-1967 Toyota Crown utility1962 Toyota Corona pickup1996 Toyota Hilux
1962-1967 Toyota Crown utility
1962-1967 Toyota Crown utility1962 Toyota Corona pickup1996 Toyota Hilux
1962 Toyota Corona pickup
1962-1967 Toyota Crown utility1962 Toyota Corona pickup1996 Toyota Hilux
1996 Toyota Hilux

Between 1960 and 1970, Toyota sold a ute variant of the second- and third-generation Corona with an integral bed. It was sold alongside its eventual replacement, the Toyota Hilux, for a couple of years before it was discontinued. Toyota also sold a locally produced CKD ute based on the second- and third-generation Crown (also known as S40 and S50), assembled by Australian Motor Industries.

Toyota currently sells a ute variant of the Toyota Land Cruiser (J70). In 2011, the Toyota Hilux was Australia's highest selling ute.[34]

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Isuzu D-Max

Isuzu D-Max

The Isuzu D-Max is a pickup truck manufactured since 2002 by Isuzu Motors. A successor of the Isuzu Faster/KB, the first and second-generation model shares its platform with the Chevrolet Colorado. The third-generation model shares its platform with the third-generation Mazda BT-50, which is produced in the same Isuzu plant in Thailand.

Mazda BT-50

Mazda BT-50

The Mazda BT-50 is a compact/mid-size pickup truck produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mazda since 2006. It is a larger version of the predecessor B-Series pickup and is not sold in the Japanese and North American markets. The second-generation Ranger has been designed by Ford Australia, with a Mazda derivative sold as the BT-50. The third-generation BT-50 was revealed in 2020, now based on the Isuzu D-Max.

Mitsubishi Triton

Mitsubishi Triton

The Mitsubishi Triton or Mitsubishi L200 is a compact pickup truck produced by Mitsubishi Motors. In Japan, where it has only been sold intermittently and in small numbers, it was originally known as the Mitsubishi Forte and from 1991 as the Strada. In the United States, Chrysler Corporation sold captive imports as the Dodge D50, Dodge Ram 50 and Plymouth Arrow truck, and Mitsubishi marketed it as the Mitsubishi Mighty Max until 2002.

Nissan Navara

Nissan Navara

The Nissan Navara is a nameplate used for Nissan pickup trucks with D21, D22, D40 and D23 model codes. The nameplate has been used in Australia, New Zealand, Central America, South America, Asia, Europe, and South Africa. In North, Central and South America and some selected markets, it is marketed as the Nissan Frontier or Nissan NP300.

Proton Arena

Proton Arena

The Proton Arena is a small front wheel drive coupé utility manufactured by Malaysian automaker Proton. Introduced in 2002, the Arena is the only form of pickup by Proton, and is the only Proton model to enjoy significantly more popularity in its export market than domestically.

Subaru

Subaru

Subaru (スバル) is the automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate Subaru Corporation, the twenty-first largest automaker by production worldwide in 2017.

Subaru BRAT

Subaru BRAT

The Subaru BRAT was a light-duty, four-wheel drive coupé utility, version of the Subaru Leone originally introduced in 1977. The BRAT was developed directly from the company's four-wheel drive station wagon model and was first introduced as a 1978 model – following the concept of coupe utilities such as the Chevrolet El Camino and the Ford Ranchero. The BRAT is also known as a Brumby, MV Pickup or Shifter depending on where it was sold. The vehicle was sold from 1978 until 1994.

Subaru Leone

Subaru Leone

The Subaru Leone is a compact car produced by the Japanese car manufacturer Subaru from 1971 to 1994. The word leone is Italian for lion.

Suzuki

Suzuki

Suzuki Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan. Suzuki manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal combustion engines. In 2016, Suzuki was the eleventh biggest automaker by production worldwide. Suzuki has over 45,000 employees and has 35 production facilities in 23 countries, and 133 distributors in 192 countries. The worldwide sales volume of automobiles is the world's tenth largest, while domestic sales volume is the third largest in the country.

Cyprus

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is geographically in Western Asia, but its cultural ties and geopolitics are overwhelmingly Southeastern European. Cyprus is the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is located north of Egypt, east of Greece, south of Turkey, and west of Lebanon and Syria. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. The northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Knock-down kit

Knock-down kit

A knock-down kit is a collection of parts required to assemble a product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, then exported to another country or region for final assembly.

Australian Motor Industries

Australian Motor Industries

Australian Motor Industries (AMI) was an automobile assembly firm that was significant in the early history of the automotive industry in Australia.

European models

2017-2020 Mercedes X-Class2011 Volkswagen Amarok
2017-2020 Mercedes X-Class
2017-2020 Mercedes X-Class2011 Volkswagen Amarok
2011 Volkswagen Amarok

Mercedes-Benz

Between 2017 and 2020, the Mercedes-Benz X-Class was sold in Australia. It used the chassis of the Nissan Navara.

Volkswagen

Volkswagen has sold the Volkswagen Amarok, a pickup style ute since 2010.

Source: "Ute (vehicle)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 18th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ute_(vehicle).

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See also
References
  1. ^ "Governments Should Purchase 4-Star Utes". Australian Automobile Association. 2008-03-27. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  2. ^ "Ute buyers guide". New Zealand Automobile Association. 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  3. ^ "Why does ISIS have so many Toyota Hilux utes?". 1 News. 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  4. ^ Woods, Emily (2017-05-12). "Bumbling thieves smash brick wall, steal safe". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  5. ^ Hendery, Simon (2017-03-31). "Stolen WorkSafe ute causes mayhem across Hastings as it flees police". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  6. ^ "Utes and SUV's Australia's most popular cars". Network Ten. 2017-08-10. Archived from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  7. ^ O'Carroll, Damien (2015-12-22). "Driven ranks the utes available in New Zealand". Driven NZ. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  8. ^ Stanford, James (2012-07-10). "Dodge Ram: big US ute set for Australia". CarAdvice. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  9. ^ "Used Subaru Brumby review: 1984-1994". CarsGuide. 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  10. ^ Lewis, Ryan (2017-10-04). "Top 5 best-selling utes of September 2017". WhichCar. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  11. ^ "Top 5 Utes 4wd". CarAdvice. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  12. ^ a b "Automotive History – The Aussie Ute". Curbside Classic. 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
  13. ^ a b c Warner, Gary (1999-08-08). "Who built the first utility – where – when..." Fastlane.com.au. Archived from the original on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
  14. ^ "History of the Roadster Ute". Roadster Ute. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
  15. ^ "A History of the American Pickup Truck". PickupTruck.com. Archived from the original on 2008-11-20.
  16. ^ Short, Mark (2007-08-22). "History of the Holden ute". Drive.com.au. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  17. ^ Courtney, Pip (2001-10-13). "Deniliquin taps into 'Ute fever'". Landline. ABC. Archived from the original on 2002-06-18. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  18. ^ "Deni Ute Muster". Deniutemuster.com.au. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  19. ^ Foster, Ally (2018-09-28). "A look inside Australia's wildest festival in outback NSW". news.com.au. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  20. ^ "Holden HSV Maloo R8 is World Fastest Ute". Worldcarfans. 2007-07-21. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  21. ^ "2017 HSV GTSR MALOO (base) Pricing and Specs". Carsguide.com.au. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  22. ^ "HSV GTSR Maloo (2017)". Netcarshow.com. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  23. ^ Hawley, Jonathan (2010-05-28). "The Creation of an Aussie Icon". Drive.com.au. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  24. ^ Traugott, Jay (2012-05-12). "Unique of the Week: 1974 Ford Falcon XB Ute". CarBuzz. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  25. ^ a b "Top 100 new cars sold in Australia in 2019". Carsguide. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  26. ^ "VFACTS: Australia's new vehicle sales at their lowest since 2003". CarExpert. 2021-01-06. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  27. ^ "Holden Ute Classics". Classic Holden Cars. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  28. ^ "Buying Used: Holden V6 Ute VU-VZ (2000-2006)". CarSales. 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  29. ^ Blackburn, Richard (2008-05-09). "Ford says new FG Falcon ute has power, payload edge". Drive.com.au. Archived from the original on 2013-10-24.
  30. ^ Gall, Jared (2009-01-06). "2010 Pontiac G8 ST Pickup Killed". CarAndDriver.com. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  31. ^ LaReau, Jamie (2009-01-05). "Pontiac G8 ST sport truck killed by GM". Autoweek. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  32. ^ "Valiant VG Technical Specifications". Uniquecarsandparts.com.au. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  33. ^ "The new Hillman de luxe Utility". Power Farming in Australia and New Zealand: 100. August 1956.
  34. ^ Colquhoun, Steve (2011-10-14). "Best Ute". Drive.com.au. Archived from the original on 2011-12-23.

Bibliography

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