Get Our Extension
Select Wikiz in another Language
Settings
A
A
Text Highlights
Notes/Citations
Edit on Wikipedia

Share This Article

About Wikiz About Us Cookies Policy Terms & Services Privacy Policy Contact Contact us Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA
Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA

University of the West Indies at Cave Hill

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
MottoOriens Ex Occidente Lux (Latin)
Motto in English
"A Light Rising from the West"
TypeRegional, public, autonomous
Established1963; 59 years ago (1963)
ChancellorRobert Bermudez
Vice-ChancellorProfessor Sir
Hilary Beckles
PrincipalR Clive Landis
Students6,668[1]
Undergraduates5,655[1]
Postgraduates1,013[1]
Location
Bridgetown
,
Barbados
CampusCave Hill, Barbados
98.12 acres (39.71 ha)
Colors
AffiliationsAssociation of Commonwealth Universities (ACU)
Caribbean Community
Association of Atlantic Universities[2]
MascotThe Blackbird
WebsiteUWI Cave Hill

University of the West Indies at Cave Hill is a public research university in Cave Hill, Barbados. It is one of five general campuses in the University of the West Indies system.

It was the third campus to be established by the UWI System, following the Mona campus in Jamaica and the St. Augustine campus in Trinidad and Tobago. The Cave Hill campus is also the headquarters of the Open Campus, which is responsible for UWI programmes in the non-campus territories. The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus' academic programmes offer diversity at both the undergraduate and graduate level. There are seven faculties with supporting academic departments; various research units and centres; and two graduate institutions.[3] Codrington College, the oldest educational institution in the Caribbean, is affiliated with Cave Hill, while the School of Education works with Erdiston Teachers' Training College to provide pre-service and in-service training to teachers in Barbados and other parts of the Caribbean. Since 2004, the Cave Hill campus is the site of the West Indies Federal Archives Centre.

Dormitories at the Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies.
Dormitories at the Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies.

Discover more about University of the West Indies at Cave Hill related topics

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, St. Michael, is a suburban area situated in the parish of Saint Michael, Barbados. It is located about 4 km north-west of the capital city Bridgetown, along the west coast of Barbados.

University of the West Indies

University of the West Indies

The University of the West Indies (UWI), originally University College of the West Indies, is a public university system established to serve the higher education needs of the residents of 18 English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Each country is either a member of the Commonwealth of Nations or a British Overseas Territory. The aim of the university is to help "unlock the potential for economic and cultural growth" in the West Indies, thus allowing improved regional autonomy. The university was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London.

Codrington College

Codrington College

Codrington College is an Anglican theological college in St. John, Barbados now affiliated with the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill. It is one of the oldest Anglican theological colleges in the Americas. It was affiliated to the University of Durham from 1875 to 1965.

Erdiston Teachers' Training College

Erdiston Teachers' Training College

The Erdiston Teachers' Training College is located in Pine Hill, Bridgetown, Barbados. It is affiliated with the School of Education of the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus.

West Indies Federal Archives Centre

West Indies Federal Archives Centre

The West Indies Federal Archives Centre is the official depository of records from the defunct West Indies Federation. The centre was opened in 2004, and is part of the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill in Barbados. Prior to the centre's opening, the West Indies archives were held by the Barbados National Archives.

History

The university was founded in 1948, on the recommendation of the Asquith Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies,[4] through its sub-committee on the West Indies chaired by Sir James Irvine.[5] The Asquith Commission had been established in 1943 to review the provision of higher education in the British colonies. Initially in a special relationship with the University of London, the then University College of the West Indies (UCWI) was seated at Mona, about five miles from Kingston, Jamaica.

The University College achieved independent university status in 1962. The St Augustine Campus in Trinidad, formerly the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (ICTA), was established in 1960.

Sir Arthur Lewis, then Vice-Chancellor of the independent UWI, wanted to expand the university beyond Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago to serve the "little eight" - the eastern Caribbean islands.[6] The "little eight" comprised Grenada, Dominica, St. Kitts, and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Montserrat. These islands, smaller than either Jamaica or Trinidad and Tobago, had been members of the West Indies Federation but upon its dissolution, were isolated and in need of regional support. A proposal was developed and submitted in February 1963 to the University Council for a campus in Barbados.[6] It was approved and was initially housed in a site near the Bridgetown Harbour. The Campus opened just over half a year later with 118 students.[7] It subsequently moved to Cave Hill, its present location, in 1967.[8] Initially, it was called the College of Arts and Sciences [9] and received significant support from the Government of Barbados in the form of free university education for its citizens.[10]

Discover more about History related topics

University of London

University of London

The University of London is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree-awarding examination board for students holding certificates from University College London and King's College London and "other such other Institutions, corporate or unincorporated, as shall be established for the purpose of Education, whether within the Metropolis or elsewhere within our United Kingdom". This fact allows it to be one of three institutions to claim the title of the third-oldest university in England, and moved to a federal structure in 1900. It is now incorporated by its fourth (1863) royal charter and governed by the University of London Act 2018.

Mona, Jamaica

Mona, Jamaica

Mona is a neighbourhood in southeastern Saint Andrew Parish, approximately eight kilometres from Kingston, Jamaica. A former sugarcane plantation, it is the site of a reservoir serving the city of Kingston and the main campus of the University of the West Indies.

Kingston, Jamaica

Kingston, Jamaica

Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island. Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city in the Caribbean.

W. Arthur Lewis

W. Arthur Lewis

Sir William Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist at the James Madison Professor of Political Economy at Princeton University. Lewis was known for his contributions in the field of economic development. In 1979, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

West Indies Federation

West Indies Federation

The West Indies Federation, also known as the West Indies, the Federation of the West Indies or the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were part of the British Empire, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on the Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state—possibly similar to the Canadian Confederation, Australian Commonwealth, or Central African Federation. Before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts over how it would be governed or function viably. The formation of a West Indian Federation was encouraged by the United Kingdom, but also requested by West Indian nationalists.

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, St. Michael, is a suburban area situated in the parish of Saint Michael, Barbados. It is located about 4 km north-west of the capital city Bridgetown, along the west coast of Barbados.

Enrolment, graduation and research data

According to the 2015/2016 Cave Hill Campus Annual Report to Council, on 29 November 2016, there were 5,507 students on the Cave Hill Campus. This represented a 9 per cent decline from the previous year, largely due to a change in policy by the Government of Barbados resulting in students having to pay university tuition fees.[11] Previously, Bajan students only had to pay limited charges. The Faculty of Social Studies had the largest enrolment, followed by the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Medical Sciences and finally the Faculty of Humanities and Education. Graduate studies comprised 703 students.

In the 2015/16 academic year, 1,216 undergraduate degrees were awarded, along with 473 postgraduate credentials (including doctorates, master's degrees and advanced diplomas) for a grand total of 1,689 awards.

During the 2015/16 academic year, BD$268,402.79 was awarded by the Campus to postgraduate students for conference attendance and research. In the same year, BD$316,974 was provided to faculty members for research and attending conferences. Cave Hill faculty members published 11 books, 42 book chapters, 30 technical reports and 137 journal articles during this time.

Campus

The original, temporary campus, then known as the College of Arts and Science, was located at the Trade Fair site, at the Deep Water Harbour.[12] The permanent campus was established in Cave Hill (from which the campus takes its name), St. Michael, with the foundation stone laid on 26 January 1966.[12] The campus was designed by Captain William Tomlin and consists of a total of 39.7 ha. 17 ha overlooks the city of Bridgetown, while a further 13 ha of adjacent land is situated with a view of the Caribbean Sea.[13]

The campus has two other off-campus sites in progress. One is the Dukes Lands in the parish of St. Thomas.[14][15] Activities at the Dukes Lands include training in various areas of agro-business, such as producing leather goods and manufacturing chocolate, research and support for entrepreneurial initiatives.

A second is an incubator for digital entrepreneurship in Bridgetown.[16] It occupies the Mutual Building, the former headquarters of Sagicor Financial Corporation, from which UWI leased the building.[17]

Other suggestions for a further satellite campus within Barbados have included moving or establishing a portion back to Bridgetown.[18]

Discover more about Campus related topics

Port of Bridgetown

Port of Bridgetown

The Port of Bridgetown, is a seaport in Bridgetown on the southwest coast of Barbados. Situated at the North-Western end of Carlisle Bay, the harbour handles all of the country's international bulk ship-based trade and commerce. In addition to international-shipping the Deep Water Harbour is the port of entry for southern-Caribbean cruise ships. The port is one of three designated ports of entry in Barbados, along with the privately owned Port Saint Charles marina and the Sir Grantley Adams International Airport. The port's time zone is GMT −4, and it handles roughly 700,000 cruise passengers and 900,000 tonnes of containerised cargo per year.

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Cave Hill, St. Michael, is a suburban area situated in the parish of Saint Michael, Barbados. It is located about 4 km north-west of the capital city Bridgetown, along the west coast of Barbados.

Saint Michael, Barbados

Saint Michael, Barbados

The parish of St. Michael is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It has a land area of 39 km2 (15 sq mi) and is found at the southwest portion of the island. Saint Michael has survived by name as one of the original six parishes created in 1629 by Governor Sir William Tufton.

Cornerstone

Cornerstone

The cornerstone is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation. All other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure.

Bridgetown

Bridgetown

Bridgetown is the capital and largest city of Barbados. Formerly The Town of Saint Michael, the Greater Bridgetown area is located within the parish of Saint Michael. Bridgetown is sometimes locally referred to as "The City", but the most common reference is simply "Town". As of 2014, its metropolitan population stands at roughly 110,000.

Parish (administrative division)

Parish (administrative division)

A parish is an administrative division used by several countries. To distinguish it from an ecclesiastical parish, the term civil parish is used in some jurisdictions, as noted below.

Saint Thomas, Barbados

Saint Thomas, Barbados

The landlocked parish of Saint Thomas is found in the centre of Barbados. It is one of only two landlocked parishes in the island, the other being Saint George to the south.

Sagicor Financial Corporation

Sagicor Financial Corporation

Sagicor Financial Company Ltd, traded as TSX: SFC, is a financial services conglomerate operating in United States, Latin America and the Caribbean region.

Faculties

  • Culture, Creative & Performing Arts
  • Humanities and Education
  • Law
  • Medical Sciences
  • Science and Technology
  • Social Sciences
  • Sport

Accreditation

In 2019, UWI Cave Hill (as a whole) was re-accredited by the Barbados Accreditation Council for the maximum term, ending in 2026.[19] The three UWI medical schools are accredited together, despite differences in curriculum, and are currently accredited with conditions by the Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions (CAAM-HP).[20]

Faculty of Culture, Creative and Performing Arts

Departments

  • Department of Cultural Studies
  • Department of Creative and Performing Arts (formerly Errol Barrow Centre for Creative Imagination)

Faculty of Humanities and Education

Departments

  • School of Education
  • Department of History and Philosophy
  • Department of Language, Linguistics & Literature

Specialised units and centres

  • Centre for Caribbean Lexicography
  • Centre for Language Learning Centre

Affiliated colleges

Faculty of Law

Specialised units and centres

Faculty of Medical Sciences

Specialised units and centres

  • George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre

Faculty of Science and Technology

Departments

  • Department of Biological & Chemical Sciences
  • Department of Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics

Specialised units and centres

  • Centre for Resource Management & Environmental Studies (CERMES)

Affiliated centres

Faculty of Social Sciences

Departments

  • Department of Economics
  • Department of Government, Sociology, Social Work & Psychology
  • Department of Management Studies

Academic units and centres

  • Shridath Ramphal Centre - International Trade Law, Policy and Services
  • CLR James Cricket Research Centre
  • Sagicor Cave Hill School of Business and Management

Affiliated research units and centres

  • Institute for Gender and Development Studies - Nita Barrow Unit
  • Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social & Economic Studies (SALISES)

Faculty of Sport

Academy of Sport

Student life

The Cave Hill Academy of Sport, now a unit of the new Faculty of Sport, provides a range of sporting activities for participants, nicknamed the UWI Blackbirds. There are many clubs and associations at the university, divided into categories such as: cultural, academic, religious and service. One popular artistic student group is the Cavite Chorale.

Campus principals and pro vice-chancellors

  • Mr Leslie R. B. Robinson, founding principal of the College of Arts and Science
  • Sir Sidney Lancelot Martin (1964–1983)
  • Sir Woodville Marshall
  • Sir Keith Hunte (1983–2002)
  • Professor[21] Sir Hilary Beckles (2002–2015), currently UWI vice-chancellor
  • Eudine Barriteau (2015–2021)
  • Professor R. Clive Landis (2021–present)

Notable alumni

Prime Minister Timothy Harris studied at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus
Prime Minister Timothy Harris studied at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus

Discover more about Notable alumni related topics

President of Barbados

President of Barbados

The president of Barbados is the head of state of Barbados and the commander-in-chief of the Barbados Defence Force. The office was established when the country became a parliamentary republic on 30 November 2021. Before, the head of state was Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados, who was represented on the island by a governor-general. The first and current president is Sandra Mason, who previously served as the last governor-general.

Paula-Mae Weekes

Paula-Mae Weekes

Paula-Mae Weekes is a Trinidadian politician and jurist who was the sixth president of Trinidad and Tobago. She is the first female President of Trinidad and Tobago, as well as the second female head of state in Trinidad and Tobago after Elizabeth II and the second female president of African descent in the Americas following Ertha Pascal-Trouillot. She took office on 19 March 2018.

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country and microstate consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles. With 261 square kilometres (101 sq mi) of territory, and roughly 50,000 inhabitants, it is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population, as well as the world's smallest sovereign federation. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with Charles III as King and head of state. It is the only sovereign federation in the Caribbean.

Keith Mitchell

Keith Mitchell

Keith Claudius Mitchell is a Grenadian politician who served as Prime Minister of Grenada from 1995 to 2008 and from 2013 to 2022. He is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Grenadian history, holding the office for more than 22 years. He is currently leader of the New National Party (NNP) and has been the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Representatives of Grenada from 2008 to 2013, and again since 2022.

Grenada

Grenada

Grenada is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, and several small islands which lie to the north of the main island and are a part of the Grenadines. It is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Its size is 348.5 square kilometres (134.6 sq mi), and it had an estimated population of 124,523 in July 2021. Its capital is St. George's. Grenada is also known as the "Island of Spice" due to its production of nutmeg and mace crops.

Owen Arthur

Owen Arthur

Owen Seymour Arthur, PC was a Barbadian politician who served as the fifth prime minister of Barbados from 6 September 1994 to 15 January 2008. He is the longest-serving Barbadian prime minister to date. He also served as Leader of the Opposition from 1 August 1993 to 6 September 1994 and from 23 October 2010 to 21 February 2013.

Denzil Douglas

Denzil Douglas

Denzil Llewellyn Douglas is a Saint Kittitian and Nevisian politician and the longest-serving prime minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis, in office from 1995 to 2015. Subsequently he has been Leader of the Opposition. He was the leader of the Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party (SKNLP) from 1989 to 2021.

Freundel Stuart

Freundel Stuart

Freundel Jerome Stuart, OR, PC, SC is a Barbadian politician who served as seventh Prime Minister of Barbados and the leader of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) from 23 October 2010 to 21 February 2013; and from 21 February 2013 to 25 May 2018. He succeeded David Thompson, who had died in office on 23 October 2010 from pancreatic cancer.

David Thompson (Barbadian politician)

David Thompson (Barbadian politician)

David John Howard Thompson was the sixth prime minister of Barbados from 15 January 2008 until his death from pancreatic cancer on 23 October 2010.

Kenny Anthony

Kenny Anthony

Kenny Davis Anthony is a Saint Lucian politician who was Prime Minister of Saint Lucia from 1997 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2016. As leader of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, he was Leader of the Opposition from 2006 to 2011 and returned to office as Prime Minister on 30 November 2011 following the 2011 election. He left office after the SLP's defeat in the 2016 election and announced his resignation as party leader.

Marion Vernese Williams

Marion Vernese Williams

Marion Vernese Williams GCM, is a Barbadian economist, banker, accountant and diplomat. She is a recipient of the Gold Crown of Merit.

Central Bank of Barbados

Central Bank of Barbados

The Central Bank of Barbados (CBB) is the national monetary authority and central bank responsible for providing advice to the Government of Barbados on banking and other financial and monetary matters. The Central Bank of Barbados, was established by Act of parliament on 2 May 1972. Prior to the establishment of CBB, Barbados' monetary policies were governed through its membership in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Authority (ECCA). The Central Bank operates as the banknote issuing authority for Barbadian currency.

Source: "University of the West Indies at Cave Hill", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, December 30th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_at_Cave_Hill.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

Download Extension

Further Reading

Owen Arthur

Saint Michael, Barbados

Codrington College

University of the West Indies

Cave Hill, Saint Michael, Barbados

Index of Barbados-related articles

University of the West Indies cricket team

Hilary Beckles

Eudine Barriteau

Washington University of Barbados

Barbados–Spain relations
See also
References
  1. ^ a b c "Statistics 2017/2018" (PDF). About Us: Cave Hill Campus Reports. University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  2. ^ "About AAU". Association of Atlantic Universities. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  3. ^ "Academics | The University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, Barbados". www.cavehill.uwi.edu. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  4. ^ Colonial Office (June 1945). "Report of the Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies" (PDF). www.bcn.cl. His Majesty's Stationery Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  5. ^ Report of the West Indies Committee of the Commission on Higher Education in the Colonies, Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty June 1945. London, His Majesty’s Stationery Office
  6. ^ a b Green, Paula Patricia (2016). "The Impact of Internationalization on the Regionalization of Higher Education in the English Speaking Caribbean: A Case Study of the University of the West Indies" (PDF). TSpace. University of Toronto. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  7. ^ "About us: history". The University of the West Indies. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Historical Developments of Education in Barbados 1686 - 2000". Ministry of Education, Youth Affairs and Culture Barbados. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  9. ^ "Education in Barbados Information Handbook". Ministry of Education, Youth Affairs and Culture Barbados. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  10. ^ Hoyos, Sir Alexander (1978). Barbados: A History from the Amerindians to Independence. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. pp. 236–237. ISBN 0333238192.
  11. ^ Hinds, Kristina (20 December 2016). ""Decision-Making by Surprise": The Introduction of Tuition Fees for University Education in Barbados". In Jules, Travis D (ed.). The Global Educational Policy Environment in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Public Policy and Governance. Vol. 26. Emerald Insight. pp. 173–194. doi:10.1108/S2053-769720160000026006. ISBN 978-1-78635-044-2. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  12. ^ a b Fraser, Henry; Carrington, Sean; Forde, Addinton; Gilmore, John (1990). A-Z of Barbadian Heritage. Kingston, Jamaica: Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean). pp. 42–43. ISBN 976-605-099-6.
  13. ^ "About us: About Cave Hill". The University of the West Indies. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
  14. ^ Beckles, Hilary. "Vice-Chancellor's Report to University Council 2016/2017" (PDF). University of the West Indies. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  15. ^ "UWI looking forward to agro-business project at Dukes". LOOP News. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Academia in Action. The UWI at 70: The Next Phase" (PDF). Times Higher Education. University of the West Indies. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  17. ^ "UWI heads downtown for new tech park". LOOP News. 23 November 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  18. ^ B., N., ed. (4 June 2010). "UWI coming to The City?". News, education. nationnews.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2021. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, Cave Hill Campus, is 'looking seriously' at establishing a campus in The City. Principal Sir Hilary Beckles revealed this during the launch of the Barbados Chamber of Commerce and Industry's (BCCI) year of activities in celebration of their 185th anniversary. Speaking at the historic George Washington House on Wednesday, Sir Hilary said such a development would bring life to Bridgetown.
  19. ^ "Accredited Providers". Barbados Accreditation Council. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  20. ^ "Programs". Caribbean Accreditation Authority or Education in Medicine and Other Health Professions (CAAM-HP). Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  21. ^ "VC Biography". www.uwi.edu. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to University of the West Indies (Cave Hill), Barbados.

Coordinates: 13°08′02″N 59°37′48″W / 13.134013°N 59.630088°W / 13.134013; -59.630088

Categories

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.