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UEFA Euro 1996

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UEFA Euro 96
England '96
UEFA Euro 1996 logo.svg
Tournament details
Host countryEngland
Dates8–30 June
Teams16
Venue(s)8 (in 8 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Germany (3rd title)
Runners-up Czech Republic
Tournament statistics
Matches played31
Goals scored64 (2.06 per match)
Attendance1,275,857 (41,157 per match)
Top scorer(s)England Alan Shearer (5 goals)
Best player(s)Germany Matthias Sammer
1992
2000

The 1996 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 96, was the 10th UEFA European Championship, a quadrennial football tournament contested by European nations and organised by UEFA. It took place in England from 8 to 30 June 1996. It was the first European Championship to feature 16 finalists, following UEFA's decision to expand the tournament from eight teams.

Matches were staged in eight cities and, although not all games were sold out, the tournament holds the European Championship's second-highest aggregate attendance (1,276,000) and average per game (41,158) for the 16-team format,[1] surpassed only in 2012.[2]

The tournament was the first European Championship where three points were awarded for a win during the qualification and finals group stages, as opposed to the old system of two points for a win, reflecting the growing use of this system in domestic leagues throughout the world during the previous decade.

Germany won the tournament, beating the Czech Republic 2–1 in the final with a golden goal from Oliver Bierhoff during extra time; this was the first major competition to be decided using this method. This was also Germany's first major title won as a unified nation, adding to the two European Championship titles won by West Germany prior to reunification.

Discover more about UEFA Euro 1996 related topics

UEFA European Championship

UEFA European Championship

The UEFA European Football Championship, less formally the European Championship and informally the Euro, is the primary association football tournament organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). The competition is contested by UEFA members' senior men's national teams, determining the continental champion of Europe. It is the second-most watched football tournament in the world after the FIFA World Cup. The Euro 2012 final was watched by a global audience of around 300 million. The competition has been held every four years since 1960, except for 2020, when it was postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, but kept the name Euro 2020. Scheduled to be in the even-numbered year between FIFA World Cup tournaments, it was originally called the European Nations' Cup, changing to the current name in 1968. Since 1996, the individual events have been branded as "UEFA Euro [year]".

Association football

Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposite team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing side. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is considered the world's most popular sport.

UEFA

UEFA

Union of European Football Associations is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football. It governs football, futsal and beach football in Europe and the transcontinental countries of Russia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Kazakhstan, as well as some Asian countries such as Israel, Cyprus and Armenia. UEFA consists of 55 national association members. Because of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FIFA and UEFA suspended all Russian national teams and clubs from any FIFA and UEFA competitions.

England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea area of the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

UEFA Euro 2012

UEFA Euro 2012

The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012, was the 14th European Championship for men's national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament, held between 8 June and 1 July 2012, was co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine, and was won by Spain, who beat Italy 4–0 in the final at the Olympic Stadium, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Three points for a win

Three points for a win

Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives one point. Many leagues and competitions originally awarded two points for a win and one point for a draw, before switching to the three points for a win system. The change is significant in league tables, where teams typically play 30–40 games per season. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws such that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.

Germany national football team

Germany national football team

The Germany national football team represents Germany in men's international football and played its first match in 1908. The team is governed by the German Football Association, founded in 1900. Between 1949 and 1990, separate German national teams were recognised by FIFA due to Allied occupation and division: the DFB's team representing the Federal Republic of Germany, the Saarland team representing the Saar Protectorate (1950–1956) and the East Germany team representing the German Democratic Republic (1952–1990). The latter two were absorbed along with their records; the present team represents the reunified Federal Republic. The official name and code "Germany FR (FRG)" was shortened to "Germany (GER)" following reunification in 1990.

Czech Republic national football team

Czech Republic national football team

The Czech Republic national football team, recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Oliver Bierhoff

Oliver Bierhoff

Oliver Bierhoff is a German football official and former player who played as a forward. He has previously served as the national team director of the German Football Association.

German reunification

German reunification

German reunification was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which took place between 2 May 1989 and 15 March 1991. The day of 3 October 1990 when the "Unification Treaty" between the two countries of "Germany as a whole" entered into force dissolving the German Democratic Republic and integrating its recently re-established constituent federated states into the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany, has been chosen as the customary German Unity Day and has thereafter been celebrated each year as a national holiday in Germany since 1991. As part of the reunification, East and West Berlin of the two countries were also united into a single city; it eventually became the capital of the country.

Bid process

At the time of the bidding process, it had not yet been confirmed that 16 teams would be participating. Instead, the bids were largely prepared as if hosting an eight-team tournament, meaning only four venues were due to be required.[3] All candidates had to submit their plans by 10 December 1991.[4]

The hosting of the event was contested by five bids: Austria, England, Greece, the Netherlands and Portugal. The English bid was selected by the UEFA Executive Committee at a meeting in Lisbon on 5 May 1992.[5] In the year preceding the decision, the English FA had dropped plans to also bid for the 1998 World Cup in order to gain the support of other UEFA members who were planning to bid for that event.[5]

Summary

Group matches

The hosts, England, drew 1–1 with Switzerland in the opening match of Group A when Alan Shearer's 23rd-minute goal was cancelled out by a late Kubilay Türkyilmaz penalty kick.[6] England defeated rivals Scotland 2–0 in their next game, and then produced one of their finest performances ever with a 4–1 win over the Netherlands.[7] Patrick Kluivert's late goal for the Netherlands secured his team second place in the group and ensured that Scotland would exit another major competition on tie-breaking criteria.[8]

A Group A game between Scotland and the Netherlands at Villa Park
A Group A game between Scotland and the Netherlands at Villa Park

Group B had Western European France and Spain, along with Balkan World Cup participants Romania and Bulgaria. France and Spain dominated the group,[9][10] with France avenging Bulgaria for the 1994 qualification debacle,[11] and World Cup quarter-finalists Romania going home,[12] with no points and only one goal scored.

Groups C and D saw the Czech Republic and Croatia, whose national teams had only recently come into existence, qualify for the knockout stage. The Czechs lost to Germany, the eventual group winners, in their opener, but then defeated Italy and drew with Russia.[13][14] Italy's defeat meant they had to beat Germany in their final game to progress, but the World Cup finalists could only manage a 0–0 draw and were eliminated.[15] In Group D, Croatia qualified for the quarter-finals, with wins over Turkey (1–0) and Denmark (3–0).[16] The loss to the Croats ultimately sent the Danes, the surprise champions of 1992, home. Turkey became the first team since the introduction of a group stage to be eliminated without gaining a point or scoring a goal.

The other three quarter-finalists were Portugal (whose "Golden Generation" was competing at its first major tournament), Spain, and a France team featuring a young Zinedine Zidane.

Quarter-finals and semi-finals

The knockout stage was characterised by negative, defensive play; as a result, only nine goals were scored in the seven games and four of the matches were decided on penalties. The first quarter-final between the hosts and Spain ended goalless, after Spain had two goals disallowed and two claims for a penalty denied.[17] The English progressed 4–2 on spot kicks.[18] France and Netherlands also played out a 0–0 draw, with France winning the penalty shootout 5–4.[19] Jürgen Klinsmann opened the scoring for Germany in their match against Croatia. A goal from Davor Šuker evened the score after 51 minutes, before Matthias Sammer of Germany scored eight minutes later, and the game ended 2–1 to Germany.[20] Czech Republic progressed after beating Portugal 1–0.[21][22]

The view of Wembley Stadium from Wembley Way before the semi-final between Germany and England
The view of Wembley Stadium from Wembley Way before the semi-final between Germany and England

The first semi-final, featuring France and Czech Republic, resulted in another 0–0 draw and penalties. Reynald Pedros was the one player to miss in the shootout, as Czech Republic won the penalty shoot-out 6–5.[23] The other semi-final was a repeat of the 1990 World Cup semi-final between Germany and England. Alan Shearer headed in after three minutes to give his side the lead, but Stefan Kuntz evened the score less than 15 minutes later, and the score remained 1–1 after 90 minutes. In extra time, Paul Gascoigne came very close to scoring a golden goal, but fractionally missed a cross from Shearer in front of the empty goal, Darren Anderton hit the post, and Kuntz had a goal disallowed for pushing. Neither team was able to find a second goal. In penalties, both sides scored their first five kicks, but in the sixth round, Gareth Southgate had his penalty saved, allowing Andreas Möller to score the winning goal.[24]

Final match

The final saw the Czech Republic hoping to repeat Euro 1976 when Czechoslovakia defeated West Germany; the Germans were aiming to win their third European Championship. Patrik Berger scored from a penalty in 59th minute to put the Czechs ahead. German substitute Oliver Bierhoff scored in the 73rd minute to make it 1–1. Five minutes into extra time, Bierhoff's shot was mishandled by Czech goalkeeper Kouba and the ball ended up in the back of the net for the first golden goal in the history of the competition.[25] Germany were European champions again, but for the first time as a unified country.

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Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer CBE DL is an English football pundit and retired football player and manager who played as a striker. Widely regarded as one of the best strikers of his generation and one of the greatest players in Premier League history, he is the Premier League's record goalscorer with 260 goals. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he came third in both Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. Shearer was one of the first two players inducted into the Premier League Hall of Fame in 2021.

Kubilay Türkyilmaz

Kubilay Türkyilmaz

Kubilay Türkyilmaz is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a forward. He completed his international career as the all-time joint leading goal scorer for the Swiss national team, with 34 goals in 64 appearances between 1988 and 2001, equalling the performance of Max Abegglen. Their record was bettered by Alexander Frei in 2008.

Patrick Kluivert

Patrick Kluivert

Patrick Stephan Kluivert is a Dutch former football player, coach and sporting director. He played as a striker, most notably for Ajax, Barcelona and the Netherlands national team.

Netherlands national football team

Netherlands national football team

The Netherlands national football team has represented the Netherlands in international men's football matches since 1905. The men's national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), the governing body for football in the Netherlands, which is a part of UEFA, under the jurisdiction of FIFA. They were sometimes regarded as the greatest national team of the respective generations. Most of the Netherlands home matches are played at the Johan Cruyff Arena, De Kuip, Philips Stadion and De Grolsch Veste.

1994 FIFA World Cup

1994 FIFA World Cup

The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national soccer teams. It was hosted by the United States and took place from June 17 to July 17, 1994, at nine venues across the country. The United States was chosen as the host by FIFA on July 4, 1988. Despite soccer's relative lack of popularity in the host nation, the tournament was the most financially successful in World Cup history. It broke tournament records with overall attendance of 3,587,538 and an average of 68,991 per game, marks that stood unsurpassed as of 2022 despite the expansion of the competition from 24 to 32 teams starting with the 1998 World Cup.

Jürgen Klinsmann

Jürgen Klinsmann

Jürgen Klinsmann is a German professional football manager and former player who is currently manager of South Korea national football team. Klinsmann played for several prominent clubs in Europe including VfB Stuttgart, Inter Milan, Monaco, Tottenham Hotspur, and Bayern Munich. He was part of the West German team that won the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the unified German team that won the UEFA Euro 1996. As a manager, he managed the German national team to a third-place finish at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and was subsequently coach of a number of other teams including, notably, Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the United States national team.

Davor Šuker

Davor Šuker

Davor Šuker is a Croatian football administrator and former footballer who played as a striker. He served as president of the Croatian Football Federation from 2012 to 2021. He began his footballing career in his hometown for local first division team NK Osijek as a 16-year-old. During his final season with the club, he became the league's top goal scorer. He made the move to sign for Dinamo Zagreb in 1989. The Croatian War of Independence halted a promising season for the 21-year-old, eventually resulting in Šuker's move to Spanish club Sevilla in 1991.

Matthias Sammer

Matthias Sammer

Matthias Sammer is a German football official and former player and coach. He played as a defensive midfielder and later in his career as a sweeper.

Olympic Way

Olympic Way

Olympic Way, often incorrectly known as Wembley Way, is the road that links Wembley Park tube station and Wembley Stadium in Wembley Park, London, England. Thousands of spectators walk along it to every event as the road leads directly into the stadium. The road is an easy access from the London Underground system at Wembley Park to the stadium, and travels in a north–south direction. The road also allows pedestrians an easy access to London Designer Outlet from the station.

Germany national football team

Germany national football team

The Germany national football team represents Germany in men's international football and played its first match in 1908. The team is governed by the German Football Association, founded in 1900. Between 1949 and 1990, separate German national teams were recognised by FIFA due to Allied occupation and division: the DFB's team representing the Federal Republic of Germany, the Saarland team representing the Saar Protectorate (1950–1956) and the East Germany team representing the German Democratic Republic (1952–1990). The latter two were absorbed along with their records; the present team represents the reunified Federal Republic. The official name and code "Germany FR (FRG)" was shortened to "Germany (GER)" following reunification in 1990.

England national football team

England national football team

The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournament contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.

Reynald Pedros

Reynald Pedros

Reynald Pedros is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He currently manages the Morocco women's national team.

Qualification

On 30 November 1992, UEFA formally decided to expand the tournament to sixteen teams.[26] UEFA cited the increased number of international teams following the recent break up of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia – rising from 33 UEFA members in 1988 to 48 by 1994 – as a driving factor behind the expansion.[27] Forty-seven teams ultimately entered to compete for the fifteen remaining places in the finals, alongside hosts England.[28]

The draw for the qualifying competition took place in Manchester on 22 January 1994.[29] The teams were divided into eight groups, each containing either six or five teams. The qualifying process began in April 1994 and concluded in December 1995. At the conclusion of the qualifying group stage in November 1995, the eight group winners qualified automatically, along with the six highest-ranked second-placed teams. The remaining two second-placed teams, the Netherlands and the Republic of Ireland, contested a one-off play-off match in England to decide the final qualifier.

Qualified teams

With the extended format, three teams were able to qualify for their first European Championship: Bulgaria, Switzerland and Turkey. Croatia, the Czech Republic and Russia competed for the first time in their own right since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union (though the Russian team is considered by FIFA to be the direct descendant of the Soviet Union and CIS teams that had appeared in six past tournaments and the Czech team is the descendant of the Czechoslovakia team). Seven of the eight participants at the previous tournament in 1992 were again present, with only Sweden – despite also having finished third in the World Cup two years earlier – missing out. Italy qualified after missing out Euro 1992 and Romania and Portugal after 12 years.

As of 2020, this was the last time that Sweden failed to qualify for the European Championship finals.

The following sixteen teams qualified for the finals:

Team Qualified as Qualified on Previous appearances in tournament[A]
 England Host 5 May 1992 4 (1968, 1980, 1988, 1992)
 Spain Group 2 winner 11 October 1995 4 (1964, 1980, 1984, 1988)
 Russia[B] Group 8 winner 11 October 1995 6 (1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1988, 1992)
 Switzerland Group 3 winner 15 November 1995 0 (debut)
 Croatia Group 4 winner 15 November 1995 0 (debut)
 Scotland 4th best runner-up 15 November 1995 1 (1992)
 Bulgaria 2nd best runner-up 15 November 1995 0 (debut)
 Germany[C] Group 7 winner 15 November 1995 6 (1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992)
 Romania Group 1 winner 15 November 1995 1 (1984)
 Turkey 3rd best runner-up 15 November 1995 0 (debut)
 Denmark 5th best runner-up 15 November 1995 4 (1964, 1984, 1988, 1992)
 Czech Republic[D] Group 5 winner 15 November 1995 3 (1960, 1976, 1980)
 Italy 1st best runner-up 15 November 1995 3 (1968, 1980, 1988)
 France 6th best runner-up 15 November 1995 3 (1960, 1984, 1992)
 Portugal Group 6 winner 15 November 1995 1 (1984)
 Netherlands Play-off winner 13 December 1995 4 (1976, 1980, 1988, 1992)
  1. ^ Bold indicates champion for that year. Italic indicates host for that year.
  2. ^ From 1960 to 1988, Russia competed as the Soviet Union, and in 1992 as CIS.
  3. ^ From 1972 to 1988, Germany competed as West Germany.
  4. ^ From 1960 to 1980, the Czech Republic competed as Czechoslovakia.

Final draw

The draw for the final tournament took place on 17 December 1995 at the International Convention Centre in Birmingham.[30] Only four teams were seeded: England (as hosts), Denmark (as holders), Spain and Germany (as the two highest ranked teams). The remaining twelve teams were all unseeded and could be drawn in any group.[30]

Pot 1: Seeded teams Pot 2: Unseeded teams
 England (hosts)[a]  Bulgaria  Italy  Russia
 Denmark (holders)[b]  Croatia  Netherlands  Scotland
 Germany  Czech Republic  Portugal  Switzerland
 Spain  France  Romania  Turkey
  Automatically selected as a top-seeded team into pot 1, irrespective of their ranking position.
  1. ^ Hosts England were automatically assigned to group position A1.
  2. ^ Defending champions Denmark were automatically assigned to Pot 1, and could be drawn into group position B1, C1 or D1.

Draw procedure:[30]

  1. The unseeded teams were first drawn one by one without being revealed from Pot 2, and placed consecutively into four group bowls labelled I to IV. The teams drawn first, fifth and ninth were put into the Group I bowl; second, sixth and tenth were put into the Group II bowl; third, seventh and eleventh were put into the Group III bowl; and fourth, eighth and twelfth were put into the Group IV bowl.
  2. The team drawn first from each group bowl was placed into position 4 in their group; the team drawn second in position 3; and the team drawn third in position 2.
  3. Finally, the four top-seeded teams were drawn from the separate Pot 1 bowl, and placed consecutively into position 1 of each group bowl.
  4. While it was decreed in advance ahead of the draw, that England's group would be Group A (irrespective of their drawn group label), the remaining three groups then consecutively had the three remaining letters (B, C and D) drawn from yet another bowl to decide the letter name of their group, which also determined what venues they would play at.

The balls were drawn by UEFA figures Gerhard Aigner and Lennart Johansson.[30]

The draw resulted in the following groups:[31]

Group A
Pos Team
A1  England
A2  Switzerland
A3  Netherlands
A4  Scotland
Wembley and Villa Park
Group B
Pos Team
B1  Spain
B2  Bulgaria
B3  Romania
B4  France
Elland Road and St James Park
Group C
Pos Team
C1  Germany
C2  Czech Republic
C3  Italy
C4  Russia
Old Trafford and Anfield
Group D
Pos Team
D1  Denmark
D2  Portugal
D3  Turkey
D4  Croatia
Hillsborough and City Ground

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Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country spanning most of northern Eurasia that existed from 30 December 1922 to 26 December 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.

Manchester

Manchester

Manchester is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The two cities and the surrounding towns form one of the United Kingdom's most populous conurbations, the Greater Manchester Built-up Area, which has a population of 2.87 million.

Netherlands national football team

Netherlands national football team

The Netherlands national football team has represented the Netherlands in international men's football matches since 1905. The men's national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), the governing body for football in the Netherlands, which is a part of UEFA, under the jurisdiction of FIFA. They were sometimes regarded as the greatest national team of the respective generations. Most of the Netherlands home matches are played at the Johan Cruyff Arena, De Kuip, Philips Stadion and De Grolsch Veste.

Republic of Ireland national football team

Republic of Ireland national football team

The Republic of Ireland national football team represents the Republic of Ireland in men's international football. It is governed by the Football Association of Ireland (FAI).

Bulgaria national football team

Bulgaria national football team

The Bulgaria national football team represents Bulgaria in men's international football and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Croatia national football team

Croatia national football team

The Croatia national football team represents Croatia in international football matches. It is governed by the Croatian Football Federation (HNS), the governing body for football in Croatia. It is a member of UEFA in Europe and FIFA in global competitions. The team's colors reference two national symbols: the Croatian checkerboard and the country's tricolour. They are colloquially referred to as the Vatreni ('Blazers') and Kockasti.

Czech Republic national football team

Czech Republic national football team

The Czech Republic national football team, recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Russia national football team

Russia national football team

The Russia national football team represents the Russian Federation in men's international football. It is controlled by the Russian Football Union, the governing body for football in Russia. Russia's home ground is the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and their head coach is Valery Karpin.

Soviet Union national football team

Soviet Union national football team

The Soviet Union national football team was the national football team of the former Soviet Union.

CIS national football team

CIS national football team

The Commonwealth of Independent States national football team was a transitional national team of the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It was accepted that the team would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Czechoslovakia national football team

Czechoslovakia national football team

The Czechoslovakia national football team was the national football team of Czechoslovakia from 1920 to 1993. The team was controlled by the Czechoslovak Football Association, and the team qualified for eight World Cups and three European Championships. It had two runner-up finishes in World Cups, in 1934 and 1962, and won the European Championship in the 1976 tournament.

England national football team

England national football team

The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournament contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.

Venues

Since the implementation of the Taylor Report in 1990, following the 1989 Hillsborough stadium disaster, England now had enough all-seater stadia of sufficient capacity to hold an expanded tournament due to the necessary stadium refurbishment by its leading clubs. The stadium capacities listed in the table are for the time of the tournament.

London Manchester
Wembley Stadium Old Trafford
Capacity: 76,567 Capacity: 55,000
The Charity Shield of 1974 at Wembley - geograph.org.uk - 620498.jpg Old Trafford march 1992.JPG
Liverpool Birmingham
Anfield Villa Park
Capacity: 42,730 Capacity: 40,310
View of inside Anfield Stadium from Anfield Road Stand.jpg Villa Park.jpg
Leeds Sheffield Nottingham Newcastle
Elland Road Hillsborough City Ground St James' Park
Capacity: 40,204 Capacity: 39,859 Capacity: 30,539 Capacity: 36,649
Ellandrd.jpg Sheffield Wednesday FC.jpg City Ground, Nottingham - geograph.org.uk - 83567.jpg Bulgaria Romania Euro 96 A.jpg

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Taylor Report

Taylor Report

The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Inquiry report is the report of an inquiry which was overseen by Lord Justice Taylor, into the causes of the Hillsborough disaster in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, on 15 April 1989, as a result of which, at the time of the report, 95 Liverpool F.C. fans had died. An interim report was published in August 1989, and the final report was published in January 1990.

London

London

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.

Manchester

Manchester

Manchester is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The two cities and the surrounding towns form one of the United Kingdom's most populous conurbations, the Greater Manchester Built-up Area, which has a population of 2.87 million.

Liverpool

Liverpool

Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in North West England. With a population of 486,100 in 2021, it is located within the county of Merseyside and is the principal city of the wider Liverpool City Region. Its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.24 million.

Birmingham

Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West Midlands metropolitan county, and approximately 4.3 million in the wider metropolitan area. It is the largest UK metropolitan area outside of London. Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom.

Leeds

Leeds

Leeds is a city in West Yorkshire, England. It is governed by a metropolitan borough named after the city, the wider county having devolved powers. It is built around the River Aire and is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines.

Sheffield

Sheffield

Sheffield is a city in South Yorkshire, England, whose name derives from the River Sheaf which runs through it. The city serves as the administrative centre of the City of Sheffield. It is historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and some of its southern suburbs were transferred from Derbyshire to the city council. It is the largest settlement in South Yorkshire.

Nottingham

Nottingham

Nottingham is a city and unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located 110 miles (180 km) north-west of London, 33 miles (53 km) south-east of Sheffield and 45 miles (72 km) north-east of Birmingham. Nottingham has links to the legend of Robin Hood and to the lace-making, bicycle and tobacco industries. The city is also the county town of Nottinghamshire and the settlement was granted its city charter in 1897, as part of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Nottingham is a tourist destination; in 2018, the city received the second-highest number of overnight visitors in the Midlands and the highest number in the East Midlands.

Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is also the most populous city of North East England. Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius and the settlement later took the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose.

Old Trafford

Old Trafford

Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,310 it is the largest club football stadium in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about 0.5 miles (800 m) from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop.

Anfield

Anfield

Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, which has a seating capacity of 53,394, making it the seventh largest football stadium in England. It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892. It was originally the home of Everton from 1884 to 1891, before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president.

Villa Park

Villa Park

Villa Park is a football stadium in Aston, Birmingham, England, with a seating capacity of 42,682. It has been the home of Premier League side Aston Villa since 1897. The ground is less than a mile from both Witton and Aston railway stations and has hosted sixteen England internationals at senior level, the first in 1899 and the most recent in 2005. Villa Park has hosted 55 FA Cup semi-finals, more than any other stadium.

Squads

Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players, three of whom must be goalkeepers.

Finals format

To accommodate the expansion from an 8-team finals tournament to 16 teams, the format was changed from that used in 1992 with the addition of two extra groups in the group stage, and an extra round in the knockout phases. The four groups (A to D) still contained four teams each, with the top two from each group still going through to the knockout phase. 8 teams then went into the new quarter-finals, ahead of the usual semi-finals and final, with 8 teams going out at the group stage. The format is exactly the one which was applied to the 1958, 1962, 1966 and 1970 World Cups, except for the absence of a third place play-off.

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1958 FIFA World Cup

1958 FIFA World Cup

The 1958 FIFA World Cup was the sixth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams, and was played in Sweden from 8 to 29 June 1958. It was the first FIFA World Cup to be played in a Nordic country.

1962 FIFA World Cup

1962 FIFA World Cup

The 1962 FIFA World Cup was the seventh edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held from 30 May to 17 June 1962 in Chile. The qualification rounds took place between August 1960 and December 1961, with 56 teams entering from six confederations, and fourteen qualifying for the finals tournament alongside Chile, the hosts, and Brazil, the defending champions.

1966 FIFA World Cup

1966 FIFA World Cup

The 1966 FIFA World Cup was the eighth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was played in England from 11 July to 30 July 1966. England defeated West Germany 4–2 in the final to win its first and only World Cup title. The final had finished at 2–2 after 90 minutes and went to extra time, when Geoff Hurst scored two goals to complete his hat-trick, the first to be scored in a men's World Cup final. England were the fifth nation to win the event, and the third host nation to win after Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 1934. World champions Brazil failed to go past the group stage, as they were defeated by Hungary and Portugal.

1970 FIFA World Cup

1970 FIFA World Cup

The 1970 FIFA World Cup was the ninth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for men's senior national teams. Held from 31 May to 21 June in Mexico, it was the first World Cup tournament held outside Europe and South America, and it was also the first held in North America. Teams representing 75 nations from all six populated continents entered the competition, and its qualification rounds began in May 1968. Fourteen teams qualified from this process to join host nation Mexico and defending champions England in the 16-team final tournament. El Salvador, Israel and Morocco made their debut appearances at the final stage.

Match ball

A custom version of the Adidas Questra, the Questra Europa, was the official match ball of the championships. The design of the ball included a reworking of the England badge, and was the first coloured ball in a major football tournament.[32]

Match officials

Match officials are listed in the two collapsed tables below.

Country Referee Assistants Fourth official Matches refereed
 Austria Gerd Grabher Egon Bereuter Manfred Zeiszer Günter Benkö Netherlands 1–4 England
 Belarus Vadim Zhuk Yuri Dupanov Aleh Chykun Kazimir Znaydinsky France 1–1 Spain
 Belgium Guy Goethals Marc Van den Broeck Stany Op de Beeck Michel Piraux Italy 0–0 Germany
 Bulgaria Atanas Uzunov Ivan Borissov Lekov Iordan Iordanov Stefan Ormandjiev Switzerland 0–0 Netherlands
 Czech Republic Václav Krondl Milan Brabec Otakar Draštík Jiří Ulrich Scotland 1–0 Switzerland
 Denmark Peter Mikkelsen Jens Larsen Henning Knudsen Knud Erik Fisker Bulgaria 1–0 Romania
Kim Milton Nielsen Carl-Johan Christensen Meyer Torben Siersen Lars Gerner Russia 0–3 Germany
 England David Elleray Anthony Bates Peter Walton Stephen Lodge Germany 2–0 Czech Republic
Dermot Gallagher Phil Joslin Mark Warren Paul Durkin France 3–1 Bulgaria
 France Marc Batta Pierre Ufrasi Jacques Mas Alain Sars Croatia 3–0 Denmark
Spain 0–0 England (Quarter-final)
 Germany Bernd Heynemann Hans Wolf Harald Sather Hartmut Strampe Croatia 0–3 Portugal
Hellmut Krug Klaus Plettenberg Egbert Engler Hermann Albrecht Romania 0–1 France
Czech Republic 1–0 Portugal
 Hungary Sándor Puhl László Hamar Imre Bozóky Sándor Piller Portugal 1–0 Turkey
Germany 1–1 England (Semi-final)
 Italy Piero Ceccarini Enrico Preziosi Fabrizio Zanforlin Alfredo Trentalange Spain 1–1 Bulgaria
Pierluigi Pairetto Donato Nicoletti Tullio Manfredini Marcello Nicchi Scotland 0–2 England
Czech Republic 1–2 Germany (Final)
 Netherlands Mario van der Ende Jan Dolstra Berend Talens René Temmink Denmark 1–1 Portugal
 Russia Nikolai Levnikov Serguei Foursa Sergei Frantsuzov Sergei Khusainov Turkey 0–3 Denmark
 Scotland Leslie Mottram Robert Orr John Fleming Hugh Dallas Italy 2–1 Russia
France 0–0 Czech Republic (Semi-final)
 Spain Manuel Díaz Vega Joaquín Olmos González Fernando Tresaco Gracia José María García-Aranda England 1–1 Switzerland
Antonio López Nieto Victoriano Giráldez Carrasco Manuel López Fernández Juan Ansuátegui Roca Czech Republic 2–1 Italy
France 0–0 Netherlands (Quarter-final)
 Sweden Anders Frisk Mikael Nilsson Sten Samuelsson Morgan Norman Russia 3–3 Czech Republic
Leif Sundell Kenneth Petersson Mikael Hansson Karl-Erik Nilsson Netherlands 0–0 Scotland
Germany 2–1 Croatia (Quarter-final)
 Switzerland Serge Muhmenthaler Ernst Felder Martin Freiburghaus Urs Meier Turkey 0–1 Croatia
 Turkey Ahmet Çakar Akif Uğurdur Turgay Güdü Oğuz Sarvan Romania 1–2 Spain

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Austrian Football Association

Austrian Football Association

The Austrian Football Association is the governing body of football in Austria. It organises the football league, Austrian Bundesliga, the Austrian Cup and the Austria national football team, as well as its female equivalent. It is based in the capital, Vienna.

Gerd Grabher

Gerd Grabher

Gerd Grabher is a retired Austrian football referee. He is known for having refereed one match in the 1996 UEFA European Football Championship in England.

Günter Benkö

Günter Benkö

Günter Benkö is a retired football (soccer) referee from Austria, best known for supervising two matches during the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. He also led two matches at the 2000 UEFA European Football Championship held in Belgium and the Netherlands. Benkö was in charge of the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1998-99, on May 19, 1999 in Villa Park, Birmingham, between S.S. Lazio and RCD Mallorca.

Football Federation of Belarus

Football Federation of Belarus

The Football Federation of Belarus is the governing body of football and futsal in Belarus. It organizes the Belarusian Premier League, Belarusian national football team and the Belarus women's national football team. It is based in Minsk.

Guy Goethals

Guy Goethals

Guy Goethals is a Belgian retired football referee.

Michel Piraux

Michel Piraux

Michel Piraux is a former Belgian professional football referee. He was a full international for FIFA from 1991 until 2001. He refereed the 2000 Belgian Cup Final between Genk and Standard Liège.

Bulgarian Football Union

Bulgarian Football Union

The Bulgarian Football Union is a football association based in Bulgaria and a member of UEFA. It organizes a football league, Bulgarian Parva Liga, and fields its Bulgaria national football team in UEFA and FIFA-authorised competitions.

Atanas Uzunov

Atanas Uzunov

Atanas Uzunov is a retired Bulgarian football referee. Born in the city of Plovdiv, his career started in 1979 and ended in the year 2000. During that time he was the first official for 189 matches in the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the fixture between Switzerland and the Netherlands in the UEFA Euro 1996 group stages and many UEFA Champions League group stage matches as well.

Football Association of the Czech Republic

Football Association of the Czech Republic

The Football Association of the Czech Republic or colloquially the Czech Football Association is the governing body of association football in the Czech Republic based in Prague. It organizes the lower-level league competitions in the country and the Czech Cup.

Danish Football Association

Danish Football Association

The Danish Football Union is the governing body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of the Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues and the men's and women's national teams. It is based in the city of Brøndby and is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.

Peter Mikkelsen (referee)

Peter Mikkelsen (referee)

Peter Mikkelsen was a Danish football referee. He refereed five matches at FIFA World Cups: two in 1990 and three in 1994. He also refereed at two UEFA European Championship tournaments: in 1992 and in 1996.

Knud Erik Fisker

Knud Erik Fisker

Knud Erik Fisker was a Danish football referee. He was a full international for FIFA since 1994 until 2005.

Group stage

Finishing positions of the participating teams
Finishing positions of the participating teams

The teams finishing in the top two positions in each of the four groups progress to the quarter-finals, while the bottom two teams in each group were eliminated from the tournament. For the first time at a European Championship three points were awarded for a win, with one for a draw and a none for a defeat.

All times are local, BST (UTC+1).

Tiebreakers

For the first time in the history of the European Championship, the position of teams tied on points was decided by their head-to-head record, and not goal difference.[33] If two or more teams finished level on points after completion of the group matches, the following tie-breakers were used to determine the final ranking:

  1. Higher number of points obtained in the matches played between the teams in question;
  2. Superior goal difference resulting from the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
  3. Higher number of goals scored in the matches played between the teams in question (if more than two teams finish equal on points);
  4. If, after having applied criteria 1 to 3 to more than two teams, two teams still have an equal ranking, criteria 1 to 3 are reapplied exclusively to the matches between the two teams in question to determine the final rankings of the two teams. If this procedure does not lead to a decision, criteria 5 to 9 apply in the order given;
  5. Superior goal difference in all group matches;
  6. Higher number of goals scored in all group matches;
  7. Position using UEFA's national team coefficient ranking system calculated using average points per game from: the Euro 1992 qualifying stage and final tournament, the 1994 World Cup qualifying stage and final tournament and the Euro 1996 qualifying stage.
  8. Fair play conduct of the teams (final tournament);
  9. Drawing of lots.

Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  England (H) 3 2 1 0 7 2 +5 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Netherlands 3 1 1 1 3 4 −1 4[a]
3  Scotland 3 1 1 1 1 2 −1 4[a]
4  Switzerland 3 0 1 2 1 4 −3 1
Source: UEFA
(H) Host
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Tied on head-to-head result (Netherlands 0–0 Scotland) and overall goal difference (−1). Overall goals for was used as the tiebreaker.
England 1–1 Switzerland
  • Shearer 23'
Report
Attendance: 76,567
Netherlands 0–0 Scotland
Report
Attendance: 34,363
Referee: Leif Sundell (Sweden)

Switzerland 0–2 Netherlands
Report
Attendance: 36,800
Scotland 0–2 England
Report
Attendance: 76,864

Scotland 1–0 Switzerland
Report
Attendance: 34,926
Netherlands 1–4 England
Report
Attendance: 76,798

Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  France 3 2 1 0 5 2 +3 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Spain 3 1 2 0 4 3 +1 5
3  Bulgaria 3 1 1 1 3 4 −1 4
4  Romania 3 0 0 3 1 4 −3 0
Source: UEFA
Spain 1–1 Bulgaria
Report
Attendance: 24,006
Romania 0–1 France
Report
Attendance: 26,323

Bulgaria 1–0 Romania
Report
Attendance: 19,107
France 1–1 Spain
Report
Attendance: 35,626
Referee: Vadim Zhuk (Belarus)

France 3–1 Bulgaria
Report
Romania 1–2 Spain
Report
Attendance: 32,719
Referee: Ahmet Çakar (Turkey)

Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Germany 3 2 1 0 5 0 +5 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Czech Republic 3 1 1 1 5 6 −1 4[a]
3  Italy 3 1 1 1 3 3 0 4[a]
4  Russia 3 0 1 2 4 8 −4 1
Source: UEFA
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Head-to-head result: Czech Republic 2–1 Italy.
Germany 2–0 Czech Republic
Report
Attendance: 37,300
Italy 2–1 Russia
Report
Attendance: 35,120

Czech Republic 2–1 Italy
Report
Attendance: 37,320
Russia 0–3 Germany
Report
Attendance: 50,760

Russia 3–3 Czech Republic
Report
Attendance: 21,128
Referee: Anders Frisk (Sweden)
Italy 0–0 Germany
Report
Attendance: 53,740

Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Portugal 3 2 1 0 5 1 +4 7 Advance to knockout stage
2  Croatia 3 2 0 1 4 3 +1 6
3  Denmark 3 1 1 1 4 4 0 4
4  Turkey 3 0 0 3 0 5 −5 0
Source: UEFA
Denmark 1–1 Portugal
Report
Turkey 0–1 Croatia
Report

Portugal 1–0 Turkey
Report
Attendance: 22,670
Croatia 3–0 Denmark
Report
Attendance: 33,671
Referee: Marc Batta (France)

Croatia 0–3 Portugal
Report
Attendance: 20,484
Turkey 0–3 Denmark
Report
Attendance: 28,951

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British Summer Time

British Summer Time

During British Summer Time (BST), civil time in the United Kingdom is advanced one hour forward of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), in effect changing the time zone from UTC±00:00 to UTC+01:00, so that mornings have one hour less daylight, and evenings one hour more.

UEFA Euro 1992

UEFA Euro 1992

The 1992 UEFA European Football Championship was hosted by Sweden between 10 and 26 June 1992. It was the ninth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA.

1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

A total of 39 UEFA teams entered qualification for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. However, Liechtenstein withdrew before the draw was made. The CIS, then Russia took the Soviet Union's spot after the Soviet Union dissolved while FIFA suspended Yugoslavia due to United Nations sanctions stemming from the Yugoslav wars. The European zone was allocated 13 from 24 places in the final tournament. Germany, the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 12 spots open for competition between 37 teams.

1994 FIFA World Cup

1994 FIFA World Cup

The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national soccer teams. It was hosted by the United States and took place from June 17 to July 17, 1994, at nine venues across the country. The United States was chosen as the host by FIFA on July 4, 1988. Despite soccer's relative lack of popularity in the host nation, the tournament was the most financially successful in World Cup history. It broke tournament records with overall attendance of 3,587,538 and an average of 68,991 per game, marks that stood unsurpassed as of 2022 despite the expansion of the competition from 24 to 32 teams starting with the 1998 World Cup.

England national football team

England national football team

The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournament contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.

Netherlands national football team

Netherlands national football team

The Netherlands national football team has represented the Netherlands in international men's football matches since 1905. The men's national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), the governing body for football in the Netherlands, which is a part of UEFA, under the jurisdiction of FIFA. They were sometimes regarded as the greatest national team of the respective generations. Most of the Netherlands home matches are played at the Johan Cruyff Arena, De Kuip, Philips Stadion and De Grolsch Veste.

Scotland national football team

Scotland national football team

The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in men's international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. It competes in the three major professional tournaments: the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Nations League and the UEFA European Championship. Scotland, as a country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee, and therefore the national team does not compete in the Olympic Games. The majority of Scotland's home matches are played at the national stadium, Hampden Park.

Switzerland national football team

Switzerland national football team

The Switzerland national football team represents Switzerland in international football. The national team is controlled by the Swiss Football Association.

Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer CBE DL is an English football pundit and retired football player and manager who played as a striker. Widely regarded as one of the best strikers of his generation and one of the greatest players in Premier League history, he is the Premier League's record goalscorer with 260 goals. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he came third in both Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. Shearer was one of the first two players inducted into the Premier League Hall of Fame in 2021.

Kubilay Türkyilmaz

Kubilay Türkyilmaz

Kubilay Türkyilmaz is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a forward. He completed his international career as the all-time joint leading goal scorer for the Swiss national team, with 34 goals in 64 appearances between 1988 and 2001, equalling the performance of Max Abegglen. Their record was bettered by Alexander Frei in 2008.

Penalty kick (association football)

Penalty kick (association football)

A penalty kick is a method of restarting play in association football, in which a player is allowed to take a single shot at the goal while it is defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. It is awarded when an offence punishable by a direct free kick is committed by a player in their own penalty area. The shot is taken from the penalty mark, which is 11 m from the goal line and centred between the touch lines.

London

London

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London, which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.

Knockout stage

The knockout stage was a single-elimination tournament with each round eliminating the losers. Any game that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes, was followed by up to thirty minutes of extra time. For the first time in a major football competition, the golden goal system was applied, whereby the first team to score during the extra time would become the winner. If no goal was scored there would be a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner. For the first time the final was won by a golden goal.

As with every tournament since UEFA Euro 1984, there was no third place play-off.

All times are local, BST (UTC+1).

Bracket

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
22 June – Liverpool
 
 
 France (p)0 (5)
 
26 June – Manchester
 
 Netherlands0 (4)
 
 France0 (5)
 
23 June – Birmingham
 
 Czech Republic (p)0 (6)
 
 Czech Republic1
 
30 June – London
 
 Portugal0
 
 Czech Republic1
 
23 June – Manchester
 
 Germany (g.g.)2
 
 Germany2
 
26 June – London
 
 Croatia1
 
 Germany (p)1 (6)
 
22 June – London
 
 England1 (5)
 
 Spain0 (2)
 
 
 England (p)0 (4)
 

Quarter-finals

Spain 0–0 (a.e.t.) England
Report
Penalties
2–4
Attendance: 75,440[18]
Referee: Marc Batta (France)


Germany 2–1 Croatia
Report
Attendance: 43,412[20]
Referee: Leif Sundell (Sweden)

Czech Republic 1–0 Portugal
Report
Attendance: 26,832[34]

Semi-finals


Final

Czech Republic 1–2 (a.e.t.) Germany
Report
Attendance: 73,611

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UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage

UEFA Euro 1996 knockout stage

The knockout stage of UEFA Euro 1996 was a single-elimination tournament involving the eight teams that qualified from the group stage of the tournament. There were three rounds of matches, with each round eliminating half of the teams, culminating in two teams playing in the final to determine the winners of the tournament. The knockout stage began with the quarter-finals on 22 June and ended with the final on 30 June 1996 at Wembley Stadium in London. Germany won the tournament with a 2–1 victory over the Czech Republic achieved by a golden goal during extra time.

Single-elimination tournament

Single-elimination tournament

A single-elimination, knockout, or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match-up is immediately eliminated from the tournament. Each winner will play another in the next round, until the final match-up, whose winner becomes the tournament champion. Each match-up may be a single match or several, for example two-legged ties in European sports or best-of series in American pro sports. Defeated competitors may play no further part after losing, or may participate in "consolation" or "classification" matches against other losers to determine the lower final rankings; for example, a third place playoff between losing semi-finalists. In a shootout poker tournament, there are more than two players competing at each table, and sometimes more than one progressing to the next round. Some competitions are held with a pure single-elimination tournament system. Others have many phases, with the last being a single-elimination final stage, often called playoffs.

Penalty shoot-out (association football)

Penalty shoot-out (association football)

A penalty shoot-out is a tie-breaking method in association football to determine which team is awarded victory in a match that cannot end in a draw, when the score is tied after the normal time as well as extra time have expired. In a penalty shoot-out, each team takes turns shooting at goal from the penalty mark, with the goal defended only by the opposing team's goalkeeper. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different kickers; the team that makes more successful kicks is declared the victor. Shoot-outs finish as soon as one team has an insurmountable lead. If scores are level after five pairs of shots, the shootout progresses into additional "sudden-death" rounds. Balls successfully kicked into the goal during a shoot-out do not count as goals for the individual kickers or the team, and are tallied separately from the goals scored during normal play. Although the procedure for each individual kick in the shoot-out resembles that of a penalty kick, there are some differences. Most notably, neither the kicker nor any player other than the goalkeeper may play the ball again once it has been kicked.

UEFA Euro 1984

UEFA Euro 1984

The 1984 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in France from 12 to 27 June 1984. It was the seventh UEFA European Championship, a competition held every four years and endorsed by UEFA.

British Summer Time

British Summer Time

During British Summer Time (BST), civil time in the United Kingdom is advanced one hour forward of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), in effect changing the time zone from UTC±00:00 to UTC+01:00, so that mornings have one hour less daylight, and evenings one hour more.

UTC+01:00

UTC+01:00

UTC+01:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +01:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2019-02-07T23:28:34+01:00. This time is used in:Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time British Summer Time Irish Standard Time

Anfield

Anfield

Anfield is a football stadium in Anfield, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, which has a seating capacity of 53,394, making it the seventh largest football stadium in England. It has been the home of Liverpool F.C. since their formation in 1892. It was originally the home of Everton from 1884 to 1891, before they moved to Goodison Park after a dispute with the club president.

France national football team

France national football team

The France national football team represents France in men's international football matches. It is governed by the French Football Federation, the governing body for football in France. It is a member of UEFA in Europe and FIFA in global competitions. The team's colors and imagery reference two national symbols: the French red-white-blue tricolour and Gallic rooster. The team is colloquially known as Les Bleus. They play home matches at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis and train at INF Clairefontaine in Clairefontaine-en-Yvelines.

Old Trafford

Old Trafford

Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,310 it is the largest club football stadium in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about 0.5 miles (800 m) from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop.

Netherlands national football team

Netherlands national football team

The Netherlands national football team has represented the Netherlands in international men's football matches since 1905. The men's national team is controlled by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), the governing body for football in the Netherlands, which is a part of UEFA, under the jurisdiction of FIFA. They were sometimes regarded as the greatest national team of the respective generations. Most of the Netherlands home matches are played at the Johan Cruyff Arena, De Kuip, Philips Stadion and De Grolsch Veste.

Villa Park

Villa Park

Villa Park is a football stadium in Aston, Birmingham, England, with a seating capacity of 42,682. It has been the home of Premier League side Aston Villa since 1897. The ground is less than a mile from both Witton and Aston railway stations and has hosted sixteen England internationals at senior level, the first in 1899 and the most recent in 2005. Villa Park has hosted 55 FA Cup semi-finals, more than any other stadium.

Czech Republic national football team

Czech Republic national football team

The Czech Republic national football team, recognised by FIFA as Czechia, represents the Czech Republic in international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic (FAČR). Historically, the team participated in FIFA and UEFA competitions as Bohemia and Czechoslovakia.

Statistics

Goalscorers

There were 64 goals scored in 31 matches, for an average of 2.06 goals per match.

5 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

Awards

Team of the Tournament[35][36]
Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards
England David Seaman
Germany Andreas Köpke
Czech Republic Radoslav Látal
France Laurent Blanc
France Marcel Desailly
Germany Matthias Sammer
Italy Paolo Maldini
Czech Republic Karel Poborský
England Paul Gascoigne
England Steve McManaman
France Didier Deschamps
Germany Dieter Eilts
Portugal Rui Costa
Bulgaria Hristo Stoichkov
Croatia Davor Šuker
Czech Republic Pavel Kuka
England Alan Shearer
France Youri Djorkaeff
Golden Boot

Alan Shearer was awarded the Golden Boot award, after scoring five goals in the group stage and in the semi-finals against Germany.

UEFA Player of the Tournament

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England national football team

England national football team

The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournament contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.

Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer

Alan Shearer CBE DL is an English football pundit and retired football player and manager who played as a striker. Widely regarded as one of the best strikers of his generation and one of the greatest players in Premier League history, he is the Premier League's record goalscorer with 260 goals. He was named Football Writers' Association Player of the Year in 1994 and won the PFA Player of the Year award in 1995. In 1996, he came third in both Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. Shearer was one of the first two players inducted into the Premier League Hall of Fame in 2021.

Bulgaria national football team

Bulgaria national football team

The Bulgaria national football team represents Bulgaria in men's international football and is administered by the Bulgarian Football Union, a member association of UEFA.

Hristo Stoichkov

Hristo Stoichkov

Hristo Stoichkov is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who is a football commentator for TUDN. A prolific forward, he is regarded as one of the best players of his generation and is regarded as the greatest Bulgarian footballer of all time. He was runner-up for the FIFA World Player of the Year award in 1992 and 1994, and received the Ballon d'Or in 1994. In 2004, Stoichkov was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.

Croatia national football team

Croatia national football team

The Croatia national football team represents Croatia in international football matches. It is governed by the Croatian Football Federation (HNS), the governing body for football in Croatia. It is a member of UEFA in Europe and FIFA in global competitions. The team's colors reference two national symbols: the Croatian checkerboard and the country's tricolour. They are colloquially referred to as the Vatreni ('Blazers') and Kockasti.

Davor Šuker

Davor Šuker

Davor Šuker is a Croatian football administrator and former footballer who played as a striker. He served as president of the Croatian Football Federation from 2012 to 2021. He began his footballing career in his hometown for local first division team NK Osijek as a 16-year-old. During his final season with the club, he became the league's top goal scorer. He made the move to sign for Dinamo Zagreb in 1989. The Croatian War of Independence halted a promising season for the 21-year-old, eventually resulting in Šuker's move to Spanish club Sevilla in 1991.

Denmark national football team

Denmark national football team

The Denmark men’s national football team represents Denmark and Greenland in men's international football competitions. It is controlled by the Danish Football Association (DBU), the governing body for the football clubs which are organised under DBU. Denmark's home stadium is Parken Stadium in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen; their head coach is Kasper Hjulmand.

Brian Laudrup

Brian Laudrup

Brian Laudrup is a Danish former professional footballer who played as a winger, forward or as a midfielder, and was regarded as one of the most talented players of his generation. He currently works as a football commentator, pundit and analyst on Kanal 5 and 6'eren. Laudrup manages a football academy for marginalised youth.

Germany national football team

Germany national football team

The Germany national football team represents Germany in men's international football and played its first match in 1908. The team is governed by the German Football Association, founded in 1900. Between 1949 and 1990, separate German national teams were recognised by FIFA due to Allied occupation and division: the DFB's team representing the Federal Republic of Germany, the Saarland team representing the Saar Protectorate (1950–1956) and the East Germany team representing the German Democratic Republic (1952–1990). The latter two were absorbed along with their records; the present team represents the reunified Federal Republic. The official name and code "Germany FR (FRG)" was shortened to "Germany (GER)" following reunification in 1990.

Jürgen Klinsmann

Jürgen Klinsmann

Jürgen Klinsmann is a German professional football manager and former player who is currently manager of South Korea national football team. Klinsmann played for several prominent clubs in Europe including VfB Stuttgart, Inter Milan, Monaco, Tottenham Hotspur, and Bayern Munich. He was part of the West German team that won the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the unified German team that won the UEFA Euro 1996. As a manager, he managed the German national team to a third-place finish at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and was subsequently coach of a number of other teams including, notably, Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the United States national team.

Matthias Sammer

Matthias Sammer

Matthias Sammer is a German football official and former player and coach. He played as a defensive midfielder and later in his career as a sweeper.

Italy national football team

Italy national football team

The Italy national football team has represented Italy in international football since its first match in 1910. The national team is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing body for football in Italy, which is a co-founder and member of UEFA. Italy's home matches are played at various stadiums throughout Italy, and its primary training ground and technical headquarters, Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, is located in Florence. Italy are the reigning European champions, having won UEFA Euro 2020.

Marketing

Slogan and theme songs

The competition slogan was Football Comes Home reflecting that the sport's rules were first standardised in the United Kingdom. UEFA President Lennart Johansson had said that the organisation had felt it was time to bring the event "back to the motherland of football".[29]

The slogan was incorporated into the competition's most popular song: "Three Lions" recorded by comedians David Baddiel and Frank Skinner with Britpop band the Lightning Seeds. Baddiel and Skinner were then strongly connected with football owing to their BBC show Fantasy Football League.[37] Released as a single, the song topped the UK Singles Chart for a total of two weeks.[38] It was promoted by a video featuring the England squad.[37]

The song was prominently sung by England fans during all their games, and was also chanted by the German team upon parading the trophy in Berlin after the tournament. It was even referenced by future Prime Minister Tony Blair in an address at the 1996 Labour Party Conference with the line: "Seventeen years of hurt, never stopped us dreaming, Labour's coming home".[39]

"Three Lions" was the official song of the England team, and is the song most strongly connected with the tournament, however the official song of the tournament was "We're in This Together" by Simply Red. The song was performed at the tournament's opening ceremony.[40]

Merchandise and mascots

The British Royal Mint issued a commemorative £2 coin in 1996, which featured a representation of a football, "1996" in the centre, and 16 small rings representing the 16 competing teams. Further special coins were only issued in the Isle of Man and Gibraltar.[41]

The official mascot, 'Goaliath', was designed in a similar fashion to the original World Cup mascot from the 1966 World Cup. Goaliath comprised a lion, the image on the English team crest, dressed in an England football strip and football boots whilst holding a football under his right arm.[42]

Sponsorship

Event sponsors

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Lennart Johansson

Lennart Johansson

Nils Lennart Johansson was a Swedish sports official who served as the fifth and, to date, longest-serving president of UEFA, the Union of European Football Associations. He served in the position from his election at the UEFA Congress in 1990 until 2007. In June 1998, he contested the FIFA presidential election against Sepp Blatter, losing by 111 votes to 80.

David Baddiel

David Baddiel

David Lionel Baddiel is an English comedian, presenter, screenwriter, and author. He is known for his work alongside Rob Newman in The Mary Whitehouse Experience and his comedy partnership with Frank Skinner. He has also written the children's books The Parent Agency, The Person Controller, AniMalcolm, Birthday Boy, Head Kid, and The Taylor TurboChaser.

Frank Skinner

Frank Skinner

Christopher Graham Collins, professionally known as Frank Skinner, is an English comedian, actor, presenter and writer. At the 2001 British Comedy Awards, he was named Best Comedy Entertainment Personality. His television work includes Fantasy Football League from 1994 to 2004, The Frank Skinner Show from 1995 to 2005, Baddiel and Skinner Unplanned from 2000 to 2005, and Room 101 from 2012 to 2018. Since 2009 he has hosted The Frank Skinner Show on Absolute Radio, broadcast live on Saturdays and later released as a podcast.

Britpop

Britpop

Britpop was a mid-1990s British-based music culture movement that emphasised Britishness. It produced brighter, catchier alternative rock, partly in reaction to the popularity of the darker lyrical themes of the US-led grunge music and to the UK's own shoegaze music scene. The movement brought British alternative rock into the mainstream and formed the backbone of a larger British popular cultural movement, Cool Britannia, which evoked the Swinging Sixties and the British guitar pop of that decade.

Fantasy Football League

Fantasy Football League

Fantasy Football League is a British television comedy programme hosted by David Baddiel and Frank Skinner. It was inspired by the Fantasy Football phenomenon which started in the early 1990s and followed on from a BBC Radio 5 programme hosted by Dominik Diamond, although the radio and TV versions overlapped by several months. Three series were broadcast from 14 January 1994 to 10 May 1996. The show then moved to ITV for live specials on alternate nights throughout the 1998 World Cup and then again through Euro 2004. In May 2022 it was announced that a new series of the show had been commissioned to be broadcast on Sky Max with new hosts Elis James and Matt Lucas.

Simply Red

Simply Red

Simply Red is a British soul and pop band formed in Manchester in 1985. The lead vocalist of the band is singer and songwriter Mick Hucknall, who, by the time the band initially disbanded in 2010, was the only original member left. Since the release of their debut studio album Picture Book (1985), they have had ten songs reach top 10 in the UK Singles Chart, including "Holding Back the Years" and "If You Don't Know Me by Now", both of which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. They have had five number one albums in the UK, with their 1991 album, Stars, being one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history.

Royal Mint

Royal Mint

The Royal Mint is the United Kingdom's oldest company and the official maker of British coins.

1966 FIFA World Cup

1966 FIFA World Cup

The 1966 FIFA World Cup was the eighth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was played in England from 11 July to 30 July 1966. England defeated West Germany 4–2 in the final to win its first and only World Cup title. The final had finished at 2–2 after 90 minutes and went to extra time, when Geoff Hurst scored two goals to complete his hat-trick, the first to be scored in a men's World Cup final. England were the fifth nation to win the event, and the third host nation to win after Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 1934. World champions Brazil failed to go past the group stage, as they were defeated by Hungary and Portugal.

Carlsberg Group

Carlsberg Group

Carlsberg A/S is a Danish multinational brewer. Founded in 1847 by J. C. Jacobsen, the company's headquarters is in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since Jacobsen's death in 1887, the majority owner of the company has been the Carlsberg Foundation. The company's flagship brand is Carlsberg. Other brands include Tuborg, Kronenbourg, Somersby cider, Holsten, Neptun, Russia's best-selling beer Baltika, Belgian Grimbergen, Fix, one of Greece's oldest brands and more than 500 local beers. The company employs around 41,000 people, primarily in Western Europe, Russia and Asia.

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892, best known as the producer of Coca-Cola. The drink industry company also manufactures, sells, and markets other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. The company's stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of the DJIA and the S&P 500 and S&P 100 indexes.

Fujifilm

Fujifilm

FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation , trading as Fujifilm, or simply Fuji, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, operating in the realms of photography, optics, office and medical electronics, biotechnology, and chemicals.

JVC

JVC

JVC is a Japanese brand owned by JVCKenwood corporation. Founded in 1927 as the Victor Talking Machine Company of Japan and later as Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. , the company is best known for introducing Japan's first televisions and for developing the Video Home System (VHS) video recorder.

Controversies

Terrorist attack

A terrorist attack took place in Manchester on 15 June, one day before the group stage match between Germany and Russia was due to take place in the same city.[45] The detonation of a van bomb in the city centre injured 212 people and caused an estimated £700 million worth of damage. Four days after the blast, the Provisional Irish Republican Army issued a statement in which it claimed responsibility, but regretted causing injury to civilians.[46]

The Manchester bombing was the first and so far only major terrorist attack in the host city of an ongoing UEFA European Championship. The scheduled match at Old Trafford on the day following the bombing went ahead as planned after the stadium had been heavily guarded overnight and carefully searched; the game, in which Germany defeated Russia 3–0, was watched by a near capacity crowd of 50,700.

Empty seats

The aggregate attendance of 1,276,000 and average attendance of 41,158 per game were the highest for the European Championship (in its 16-team format) until the 2012 tournament.[2] However, these numbers were based on the number of tickets sold rather than the number of spectators in the ground, which was often significantly lower. The large number of empty seats in most of the games not involving England was blamed on a number of factors: a lack of travelling fans from most of the other nations concerned, a lack of interest among locals for games not involving England, kick-offs before 5:00 pm that made it hard for children at school and adults at work to attend, steep ticket prices, and UEFA's policy of only selling tickets in blocks (where each block consisted of a set from each of three price bands).[47]

Disorder

After England's defeat to Germany in the semi-finals, a large-scale riot took place in Trafalgar Square and the surrounding area. Further outbreaks of trouble occurred in the streets of several other towns. The police and German-made cars were targeted, with damage also caused to various other properties.[48] A Russian student was stabbed in Brighton after attackers mistook him for being German.[49]

Despite this outbreak, the tournament overall was free of hooliganism, helping rehabilitate England's reputation after their fans' conduct during the previous decades.[48] UEFA's awarding of the tournament to England was in itself a further step in bringing the country back fully into the international fold, coming soon after their decision in 1990 to re-admit English clubs back into UEFA competitions after the indefinite ban issued to them following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.[50][51]

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1996 Manchester bombing

1996 Manchester bombing

The 1996 Manchester bombing was an attack carried out by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on Saturday, 15 June 1996. The IRA detonated a 1,500-kilogram (3,300 lb) lorry bomb on Corporation Street in the centre of Manchester, England. It was the biggest bomb detonated in Great Britain since the Second World War. It targeted the city's infrastructure and economy and caused significant damage, estimated by insurers at £700 million, a sum surpassed only by the 1993 Bishopsgate bombing, also by the IRA.

Russia national football team

Russia national football team

The Russia national football team represents the Russian Federation in men's international football. It is controlled by the Russian Football Union, the governing body for football in Russia. Russia's home ground is the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow and their head coach is Valery Karpin.

Car bomb

Car bomb

A car bomb, bus bomb, van bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles.

Provisional Irish Republican Army

Provisional Irish Republican Army

The Provisional Irish Republican Army, officially known as the Irish Republican Army and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary and proscribed terrorist organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of Ireland. It was the most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the army of the all-island Irish Republic and as the sole legitimate successor to the original IRA from the Irish War of Independence. It was designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and an unlawful organisation in the Republic of Ireland, both of whose authority it rejected.

Old Trafford

Old Trafford

Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,310 it is the largest club football stadium in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about 0.5 miles (800 m) from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop.

UEFA Euro 2012

UEFA Euro 2012

The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012, was the 14th European Championship for men's national football teams organised by UEFA. The final tournament, held between 8 June and 1 July 2012, was co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine, and was won by Spain, who beat Italy 4–0 in the final at the Olympic Stadium, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a public square in the City of Westminster, Central London, established in the early 19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. The Square's name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, the British naval victory in the Napoleonic Wars over France and Spain that took place on 21 October 1805 off the coast of Cape Trafalgar.

Brighton

Brighton

Brighton is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located 47 mi (76 km) south of London.

Heysel Stadium disaster

Heysel Stadium disaster

The Heysel Stadium disaster was a crowd disaster that occurred on 29 May 1985 when mostly Juventus fans escaping from a breach by Liverpool fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, before the start of the 1985 European Cup Final between the Italian and English clubs. Thirty-nine people—mostly Italians and Juventus fans—were killed and 600 were injured in the confrontation.

Source: "UEFA Euro 1996", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 18th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_Euro_1996.

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Notes
  1. ^ Gallagher suffered an injury in the 28th minute and was replaced by fourth official Paul Durkin (England).
References
  1. ^ Bevan, Chris (17 May 2012). "Euro 1996: When football came home". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation.
  2. ^ a b "Euro 2012 Shatters Attendance Record". Sports Business Daily. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  3. ^ White, Clive (9 June 1992). "England wait ends in 1996". The Times. London.
  4. ^ Jones, Stuart (4 December 1991). "Rivals to be given extra time". The Times. London.
  5. ^ a b Jones, Stuart (5 May 1992). "England will host 1996 Championship". The Times. London.
  6. ^ Ridley, Ian (9 June 1996). "Shearer bliss, sheer agony". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  7. ^ Moore, Glenn (19 June 1996). "England's night of rapture". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  8. ^ "Kluivert's late strike sinks Scotland". The Independent. Independent Print. 19 June 1996. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  9. ^ Hodgson, Guy (11 June 1996). "Dugarry makes the difference". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  10. ^ Hodgson, Guy (17 June 1996). "Euro '96: Clemente short of firepower". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  11. ^ Hodgson, Guy (19 June 1996). "France banish the ghost of Bulgaria to reach last eight". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  12. ^ Culley, Jon (19 June 1996). "Spanish eyes are smiling for Amor". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  13. ^ Hodgson, Guy (15 June 1996). "Italians left on the brink of disaster". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  14. ^ Shaw, Phil (20 June 1996). "Smicer strike takes Czechs through". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  15. ^ Moore, Glenn (20 June 1996). "Passion play not enough to save Italy". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  16. ^ Shaw, Phil (17 June 1996). "Euro '96: Suker sinks Denmark". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  17. ^ Brewin, John (1 May 2008). "Euro '96". ESPNSoccernet. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  18. ^ a b Moore, Glenn (24 June 1996). "Fortune favours brave England". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  19. ^ a b Turnbull, Simon (24 June 1996). "Fitful France advance". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  20. ^ a b Shaw, Phil (24 June 1996). "Croatia punished by Sammer". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  21. ^ Culley, Jon (24 June 1996). "Poborsky piques Portugal". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  22. ^ Metcalf, Rupert (25 June 1996). "Poborsky rides Euro express". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  23. ^ a b Shaw, Phil (27 June 1996). "France are sent home by Kadlec". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  24. ^ a b Moore, Glenn (27 June 1996). "Shoot-out breaks England hearts". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  25. ^ Jones, Ken (1 July 1996). "Vogts' triumph over adversity". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  26. ^ Jones, Stuart (1 December 1992). "UEFA has change of heart". The Times. London.
  27. ^ Jones, Stuart (13 November 1992). "Championship field likely to be doubled". The Times. London.
  28. ^ Hughes, Rob (22 January 1994). "Manchester's grief puts draw under cloud". The Times. London.
  29. ^ a b Hughes, Rob (24 January 1994). "Comfort for England in playing host to Europe". The Times. London.
  30. ^ a b c d "England may draw Scotland". The Independent. 16 December 1995.
  31. ^ "Lot Oranje last voor fans" [Oranje draw burden for fans]. De Stem (in Dutch). Breda. 18 December 1995. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  32. ^ "The Official UEFA European Championship 1996 Tournament Match ball". SoccerBallWorld.com. 22 January 2004.
  33. ^ "1996 – Football comes home". UEFA. 5 October 2003. Archived from the original on 17 November 2006. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  34. ^ Culley, Jon (24 June 1996). "Poborsky piques Portugal". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  35. ^ "All-Star Macca". Sunday Mirror. The Free Library. 30 June 1996. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  36. ^ a b c "UEFA Euro 2008 Information" (PDF). UEFA. p. 88. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
  37. ^ a b Rampton, James (17 May 1996). "Song for Euro 96 ready for airplay". The Independent. Independent Print. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  38. ^ "Number Ones in 1996". number-ones.co.uk.
  39. ^ "Blair: My Decent Society". The Independent. London. 22 October 1996.
  40. ^ "Mind-bender Uri Geller". Daily Mirror. London. 8 June 1996.
  41. ^ Longmore, Andrew (22 May 1996). "Euro 96 coins enjoy royal approval". The Times. London.
  42. ^ "EURO 2012 mascots have big shoes to fill". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 6 December 2010.
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  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cook, Richard (24 May 1996). "Euro 96 – What's in it for you?". PRWeek. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  45. ^ "IRA's message in blood". The Independent. London. 16 June 1996.
  46. ^ "IRA apologises to bomb victims". The Independent. London. 20 June 1996.
  47. ^ "Home disadvantage". When Saturday Comes. October 2010.
  48. ^ a b "England fans riot after defeat". The Times. London. 27 June 1996.
  49. ^ Lee, Adrian (28 June 1996). "Russian stabbed for sounding like a German". The Times. London.
  50. ^ Miller, David (3 June 1985). "England punished for years of indiscipline". The Times. London.
  51. ^ Ball, Peter (19 April 1990). "The door opens on Europe". The Times. London.
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