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Turbo (gastropod)

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Turbo
Turbo petholatus Voavah.JPG
Turbo petholatus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Turbinidae
Genus: Turbo
Linnaeus, 1758[1]
Type species
Turbo petholatus
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[2]
  • Batillus Schumacher, 1817
  • Dinassovica Iredale, 1937
  • Fornax Jousseaume, 1888 (invalid: junior homonym of Fornax Laporte, 1835 [Coleoptera])
  • Halopsephus Rehder, 1943
  • Laeviturbo Cossmann, 1918
  • Lunatica Röding, 1798
  • Turbo (Aspilaturbo) S.T. Williams, 2008
  • Turbo (Batillus) Schumacher, 1817
  • Turbo (Callopoma) Gray, 1850
  • Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale, 1931
  • Turbo (Chaenoturbo) McLean, 1970
  • Turbo (Dinassovica) Iredale, 1937
  • Turbo (Emilioturbo) Ortea & Espinosa, 1996
  • Turbo (Euninella) Cotton, 1939
  • Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943
  • Turbo (Lunatica) Röding, 1798
  • Turbo (Marmarostoma) Swainson, 1829
  • Turbo (Modelia) Gray, 1850
  • Turbo (Ocana) H. Adams, 1861
  • Turbo (Sarmaticus) Gray, 1847
  • Turbo (Senectus) Swainson, 1840
  • Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Varostium Iredale, 1938

Turbo is a genus of large sea snails with gills and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.[2]

Turbo is the type genus of the family.

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Genus

Genus

Genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.E.g. Panthera leo (lion) and Panthera onca (jaguar) are two species within the genus Panthera. Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae.

Sea snail

Sea snail

Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell.

Operculum (gastropod)

Operculum (gastropod)

The operculum is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure like a trapdoor that exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails; the structure is found in some marine and freshwater gastropods, and in a minority of terrestrial gastropods, including the families Helicinidae, Cyclophoridae, Aciculidae, Maizaniidae, Pomatiidae, etc.

Family (biology)

Family (biology)

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".

Turbinidae

Turbinidae

Turbinidae, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Trochoidea.

Type genus

Type genus

In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.

Description

The shells of species in this genus are more or less highly conspiral, thick, about 20–200 mm, first whorls bicarinate, last whorl large often with strong spiral sculpture, knobs or spines, base convex, with or without umbilicus. Species in this genus have a round aperture and a solid, dome-shaped calcareous operculum. This circular operculum commences as a multispiral disc, like that of a Trochus, upon the outer side of which is deposited a thin calcareous layer by a lobe of the foot which projects partly over it. This arrangement produces an operculum which exhibits all the whorls beneath, but which is only feebly, or not obviously spiral above, from the more or less general distribution of the calcareous matter.

The radula is broad and generally rather short. The median, lateral and marginal teeth are always present, and the formula is invariably ∞.5.1.5.∞. The central teeth contain no cusps. The median tooth consists of a narrow oblong quadrate basal plate, frequently with accessory plates of various forms, to the lower end of which is attached the oval body of the tooth,—a simple plate without cusp, bearing supporting wings at the sides. Frequently the central teeth are asymmetrical in this group. The laterals bear supporting wings at their outer angles, and are various in form, with or without cusps. The inner marginals are very large, with large cusps.[3]

The first Turbo species were found in the Upper Cretaceous, approximately 100 million years ago.

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Whorl (mollusc)

Whorl (mollusc)

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral or whorled growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the ammonites.

Umbilicus (mollusc)

Umbilicus (mollusc)

The umbilicus of a shell is the axially aligned, hollow cone-shaped space within the whorls of a coiled mollusc shell. The term umbilicus is often used in descriptions of gastropod shells, i.e. it is a feature present on the ventral side of many snail shells, including some species of sea snails, land snails, and freshwater snails.

Aperture (mollusc)

Aperture (mollusc)

The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc.

Calcareous

Calcareous

Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines.

Operculum (gastropod)

Operculum (gastropod)

The operculum is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure like a trapdoor that exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails; the structure is found in some marine and freshwater gastropods, and in a minority of terrestrial gastropods, including the families Helicinidae, Cyclophoridae, Aciculidae, Maizaniidae, Pomatiidae, etc.

Trochus

Trochus

Trochus is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family Trochidae, the top snails.

Radula

Radula

The radula is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the mollusks, and is found in every class of mollusk except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth.

Cretaceous

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of the entire Phanerozoic. The name is derived from the Latin creta, "chalk", which is abundant in the latter half of the period. It is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation Kreide.

Taxonomy

According to Alf et al.[4] the genus Turbo is divided in 16 Recent subgenera. The number of presently known living species in Turbo is 66, plus five subspecies.

Species

Species in the genus Turbo include:[5][4][6]

The following species were brought into synonymy:[2]

Synonyms of Turbo
Shell and operculum of Turbo tuberculosus
Shell and operculum of Turbo tuberculosus

The following species are nomina nuda (names not published with an adequate description):[2]

  • Turbo curvatus Chiereghini MS, Brusina, 1870 (nomen nudum): accepted as Eulima philippii Weinkauff, 1868

The following species are alternate representation:[2]

  • Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1843 represented as Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 (alternate representation)

The following species are nomina dubia (names of unknown or doubtful application):[2]

  • Turbo articulatus Reeve, 1848 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo concinnus Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo crellenus Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo disjunctus Anton, 1838 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo elegans Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo margaritaceus Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo pustulatus Brocchi, 1821 (nomen dubium)
  • Turbo variabilis Reeve, 1842 (nomen dubium)

Temporary names:

  • † Turbo geniculatus Brocchi, 1814

The following species are species inquirenda (names with uncertain or disputed validity):[2]

Discover more about Species related topics

Turbo acutangulus

Turbo acutangulus

Turbo acutangulus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo albofasciatus

Turbo albofasciatus

Turbo albofasciatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo angelvaldesi

Turbo angelvaldesi

Turbo angelvaldesi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo argyrostomus

Turbo argyrostomus

Turbo argyrostomus, common name the silver-mouthed turban, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.

Turbo artensis

Turbo artensis

Turbo artensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo bozzettiana

Turbo bozzettiana

Turbo bozzettiana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo bruneus

Turbo bruneus

Turbo bruneus, common name the brown (Pacific) dwarf turban or the little burnt turbo, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.These snails are called "turbo" because they can move quite quickly for a snail, using a muscular foot to glide along the ocean floor. They feed on algae and other small organisms that they scrape off rocks and other surfaces.

Turbo cailletii

Turbo cailletii

Turbo cailletii, common name the filose turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Turbo canaliculatus

Turbo canaliculatus

Turbo canaliculatus, common name the channeled turban, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Johann Hermann

Johann Hermann

Johann, or Jean-Frederic, Hermann, or Herrmann, was a French physician and naturalist.

Turbo castanea

Turbo castanea

Turbo castanea, common names chestnut turban, chestnut turban snail-brown and cat eye snail, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.

Turbo cernicus

Turbo cernicus

Turbo cernicus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Human uses

When the Caribbean hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus, or "purple pincher" as it is known in the pet trade is kept as a house pet, Turbo shells are a favorite choice of shells for the crab.

Turbo cornutus, common name the "horned turban", is an expensive food item in Korea, and Japan, where they are known as sazae.

The attractively colored operculum of at least two different Turbo species has been used for various decorative purposes, including in jewelry and buttons. These opercula are sometimes known as "cat's eyes".

Source: "Turbo (gastropod)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, September 7th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_(gastropod).

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Further Reading

Helix (gastropod)

Bulla (gastropod)

Littorina

Buccinum

Trochus

Thais (gastropod)

Pinna (bivalve)

Natica

Nerita

Patella (gastropod)

List of marine molluscs of Mozambique

List of marine gastropods of South Africa

Astraea (gastropod)

Phalium

List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela

List of marine molluscs of Venezuela

List of marine molluscs of Montenegro
References

Notes

  1. ^ Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 761; 1767, ed. 12, 1232.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2012). Turbo Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151576 on 2012-09-27
  3. ^ G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  4. ^ a b Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  5. ^ WoRMS : Turbo accessed : 18 October 2010]
  6. ^ Turbo. ITIS. Accessed 22 November 2008
  7. ^ Hiroshi Fukuda (2017), Nomenclature of the horned turbans previously known as Turbo cornutus (Lightfoot), 1786 and Turbo chinensis Ozawa & Tomida, 1995 (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae) from China, Japan and Korea; Molluscan Research Vol. 0 , Iss. 0,0

Sources

  • Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, ISBN 3-925919-27-9.
  • Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592.
  • Williams S. (2008) The calcareous operculum as a character for defining subgenera in the marine gastropod genus Turbo. Vita Malacologica 7: 1-13. [16 December 2008]
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