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Tuatua

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Tuatua
Paphies subtriangulata (Wood, 1828) (AM MA104395-3).jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Venerida
Superfamily: Mactroidea
Family: Mesodesmatidae
Genus: Paphies
Species:
P. subtriangulata
Binomial name
Paphies subtriangulata
(W. Wood, 1828)[1]
Synonyms
  • Erycina subangulata Gray, 1825
  • Mactra subtriangulata W. Wood, 1828
  • Mesodesma cuneata Hanley, 1842
  • Mesodesma reentsii Römer, 1862
  • Mesodesma spissa Reeve, 1854
  • Paphies porrecta (Marwick, 1928)[1]

Paphies subtriangulata is a species of edible bivalve clam known as tuatua in the Māori language, a member of the family Mesodesmatidae and endemic to New Zealand. It is found on all three of the main New Zealand islands, buried in fine clean sand on ocean beaches.

The large shell is asymmetrical, with the hinge at one side. Its closest relative, the pipi (Paphies australis), has a symmetrical shell.

Clam digging for tuatua at Ohope beach
Clam digging for tuatua at Ohope beach

The soft parts of the animal are an edible delicacy, made into fritters or boiled and served on the shell. Historically the species has been used as a food source by the Māori, and its shell is a common component of excavated Māori middens.

The clam burrows beneath the sand, and does so very quickly, making it a challenge to dig for at times. It also squirts water when threatened. All tuatua are protected with legal limits on their capture. In some areas one digger may bag no more than 50 to 150 tuatuas per day, depending on location.

Discover more about Tuatua related topics

Clam

Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs. The word is often applied only to those that are edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the seafloor or riverbeds. Clams have two shells of equal size connected by two adductor muscles and have a powerful burrowing foot. They live in both freshwater and marine environments; in salt water they prefer to burrow down into the mud and the turbidity of the water required varies with species and location; the greatest diversity of these is in North America.

Māori language

Māori language

Māori, or te reo Māori, also known as te reo, is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. Closely related to Cook Islands Māori, Tuamotuan, and Tahitian, it gained recognition as one of New Zealand's official languages in 1987. The number of speakers of the language has declined sharply since 1945, but a Māori-language revitalisation effort has slowed the decline.

Family (biology)

Family (biology)

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".

Mesodesmatidae

Mesodesmatidae

Mesodesmatidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.

New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island and the South Island —and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.

Paphies australis

Paphies australis

Paphies australis or pipi is a bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand.

Fritter

Fritter

A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory varieties.

Māori people

Māori people

Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed their own distinctive culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori.

Subspecies

Three subspecies have been recognised:

  • Paphies subtriangulata subtriangulata (Wood, 1828)
    Distribution: throughout North and South Islands
    Maximum length is 76 millimetres (3.0 in), height 48 millimetres (1.9 in), and thickness 28 millimetres (1.1 in).
  • Paphies subtriangulata porrecta (Marwick, 1928)
    Distribution: Chatham Islands
    Maximum length: 93 millimetres (3.7 in), maximum height: 57 millimetres (2.2 in).
  • Paphies subtriangulata quoyii (Deshayes, 1832)
    Distribution: throughout North and South Islands
    Size: Thicker relative to length - Maximum length is 86 millimetres (3.4 in), height 65 millimetres (2.6 in), and thickness 38 millimetres (1.5 in).

Source: "Tuatua", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, November 10th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatua.

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References
  1. ^ a b Huber, M. (2014). "Paphies subtriangulata (W. Wood, 1828)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

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