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Trinity Washington University

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Trinity Washington University
Logo-Trinity-Washington-University.jpg
Former names
Trinity College (1897-2004)
TypePrivate university
Established1897
AccreditationMSCHE
Religious affiliation
Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur
Academic affiliations
PresidentPatricia McGuire
Students1,800
Location, ,
United States
ColorsPurple & Gold
   
NicknameTigers
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III
MascotTiger
Websitewww.trinitydc.edu

Coordinates: 38°55′39″N 77°00′18″W / 38.9275°N 77.004872°W / 38.9275; -77.004872

Trinity Washington University is a private Catholic university[1] in Washington, D.C. Trinity is a comprehensive university with five schools; the undergraduate College of Arts & Sciences maintains its original mission as a liberal arts women's college, while men attend Trinity's other schools at both the graduate and undergraduate level.[2] The university was founded as Trinity College by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur in 1897 as the nation's first Catholic liberal arts college for women. Trinity was chartered by an Act of Congress on August 20, 1897. An elite collegian institution in its early life, the college faced declining enrollment by the 1980s. It chose to begin recruiting local underprivileged students, and became predominantly black and Hispanic.[3] Trinity became Trinity Washington University in 2004.

Today, Trinity Washington University enrolls more than 1,800 students in its undergraduate and graduate programs in the College of Arts and Sciences, School of Nursing and Health Professions, School of Education, School of Business and Graduate Studies and School of Professional Studies. Trinity enrolls more District of Columbia residents than any other private university in the city and in the nation – more than half of Trinity’s students are residents of the D.C.

Trinity’s student body in 2020 includes about 95% ethnic minorities, including about 65% Black/African American and 30% Latina/Hispanic. Trinity is designated by the U.S. Department of Education as a Minority Serving Institution and is the only university in the D.C. region, and one of only a few in the nation, designated as both a Predominantly Black Institution (PBI) and Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI).

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Geographic coordinate system

Geographic coordinate system

The geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or ellipsoidal coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on the Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

Private university

Private university

Private universities and private colleges are institutions of higher education, not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments. They may receive from governments tax breaks, public student loans, and grants. Depending on their location, private universities may be subject to government regulation. Private universities may be contrasted with public universities and national universities. Many private universities are nonprofit organizations.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern border with Virginia, and borders Maryland to its north and east. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father, commanding general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States, and the district is named for Columbia, the female personification of the nation.

Liberal arts college

Liberal arts college

A liberal arts college or liberal arts institution of higher education is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in liberal arts and sciences. Such colleges aim to impart a broad general knowledge and develop general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. Students in a liberal arts college generally major in a particular discipline while receiving exposure to a wide range of academic subjects, including sciences as well as the traditional humanities subjects taught as liberal arts. Although it draws on European antecedents, the liberal arts college is strongly associated with American higher education, and most liberal arts colleges around the world draw explicitly on the American model.

Women's colleges in the United States

Women's colleges in the United States

Women's colleges in the United States are private single-sex U.S. institutions of higher education that only admit female students. They are often liberal arts colleges. There were approximately 26 active women's colleges in the United States in 2022, down from a peak of 281 such colleges in the 1960s.

Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur

Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur

The Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur are a Catholic institute of religious sisters, founded to provide education to the poor.

United States Department of Education

United States Department of Education

The United States Department of Education is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. It began operating on May 4, 1980, having been created after the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services by the Department of Education Organization Act, which President Jimmy Carter signed into law on October 17, 1979.

Minority-serving institution

Minority-serving institution

In the higher education system of the United States, minority-serving institution is a descriptive term for universities and colleges that enroll a significant percentage of students from minority groups.

Historically black colleges and universities

Historically black colleges and universities

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving African Americans. Most of these institutions were founded during the Reconstruction era and are concentrated in the Southern United States. During the period of racial segregation in the United States, the majority of American institutions of higher education served predominantly white students, and disqualified or limited black American enrollment. Later on some universities, either after expanding their inclusion of Black people and African Americans into their institutions or gaining the status of minority-serving institution, became Predominantly Black Institutions (PBIs).

Hispanic-serving institution

Hispanic-serving institution

A Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) is defined in federal law as an accredited, degree-granting, public or private nonprofit institution of higher education with 25% or more total undergraduate Hispanic or Latino full-time equivalent (FTE) student enrollment. In the 2018–19 academic year, 539 institutions met the federal enrollment criterion.

History

Trinity College was founded by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur in 1897 as the nation's first Catholic liberal arts college for women.

Queen Mary of Belgium visiting in the early 1900s
Queen Mary of Belgium visiting in the early 1900s

For more than 70 years, Trinity educated middle-class Catholic women, who were underrepresented in America's colleges.[3] (For more background on women's higher education, see Origins and types of Women's colleges in the United States.)

When many all-male colleges became co-ed, Trinity's full-time enrollment dropped – from 1,000 in 1969 to 300 in 1989. The school's 12th president, Sister Donna Jurick, responded in the early 1980s by opening a weekend college for working women from the District of Columbia, a racially diverse population the school had previously not served. The first such program in Washington, it became very popular; within three years, it had more students than the undergraduate program.[4]

Under Patricia McGuire, a Trinity alumna, who became president of the college in 1989, Trinity became a multifaceted university that reached out to the Black and Hispanic women of Washington. McGuire split the college into three schools: the historic women's college became the College of Arts and Sciences; the higher-revenue teacher college became the School of Education; and the continuing education classes were folded into a School of Professional Studies. Trinity began recruiting at D.C. high schools. She expanded the professional schools, whose combined enrollment rose from 639 in 1989 to 974 in 1999. By the school's 1997 centennial, it had become the private college of choice for the women of D.C. public schools.[4]

Academics

Five schools

Trinity has an annual enrollment of more than 1,800 students in the university's five schools, which offer undergraduate and graduate degrees.

  • The College of Arts and Sciences—Trinity's historic women's school—offers community service opportunities, athletics, student clubs and campus activities. The College of Arts and Sciences offers a number of undergraduate academic programs, including international affairs, criminal justice, forensic psychology, journalism, and business economics.
  • Trinity's School of Education is a coeducational graduate program offering degrees in education, counseling, curriculum design, and educational administration. Through its Continuing Education Program, the School of Education also offers professional development courses enrolling 4,000 education professionals each year.
  • The School of Professional Studies offers undergraduate degrees designed for women and men seeking to advance or change their careers.
  • The School of Business and Graduate Studies encompasses the graduate degree programs of Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.), Master of Science Administration (M.S.A.), and Strategic Communication and Public Relations (M.A.).
  • The School of Nursing and Health Professions is home to Trinity's nursing program, which is accredited by Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. It also offers a Master of Occupational Therapy, Master of Science in Nursing, and Master of Public Health.[5]

Special academic programs

Trinity offers professional programs at a satellite classroom located at THEARC, a multipurpose community facility in southeast Washington, DC. Trinity is the only private university to offer college degree programs in the District of Columbia's underserved neighborhoods east of the Anacostia River.

Rankings

Student body

Trinity enrolls more than 1,800 students. In 2020, the student body includes 95% persons of color, including about 65% Black/African American and 30% Latina/Hispanic. 94% of Trinity students are women, reflecting the university’s historic and ongoing commitment to women’s education.  About 80% of full-time undergraduates are eligible for Pell Grants, with a median family income of just about $25,000. Slightly more than 100 Trinity students are undocumented immigrants.[7]

Trinity is designated by the U.S. Department of Education as a Minority Serving Institution and is the only university in the D.C. region, and one of only a few in the nation, designated as both a Predominantly Black Institution and Hispanic Serving Institution.

Trinity's 2020–21 tuition for a full-time undergraduate is $24,860 for a full year. All full-time undergraduate students in the College of Arts and Sciences receive a scholarship between $10,000 and $15,000. About 80% of the undergraduate students receive Pell Grants and most D.C. students receive D.C. TAG (D.C. Tuition Assistance Grant). With additional grants and loans, the average student pays $1,000 to $2,000 out-of-pocket for tuition.[4]

Athletics

The Trinity Washington athletic teams are called the Tigers. The university is a member in the Division III level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing as an NCAA D-III Independent since the 2015–16 academic year (which they were a member on a previous stint from 2007–08 to 2011–12). The Tigers previously competed in these defunct conferences: the Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) from 2012–13 to 2014–15; and the Atlantic Women's Colleges Conference (AWCC) as a founding member from 1995–96 to 2006–07.

Trinity Washington competes in five intercollegiate varsity sports: basketball, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.

Facilities

The Trinity Center for Women and Girls in Sports was completed in 2003. It features a basketball arena; walking track; swimming pool and spa; fitness center with weight machines, free weights and cardio equipment and dance studio, tennis courts, and an athletic field. It is free for Trinity students and offers memberships to local residents.

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NCAA Division III

NCAA Division III

NCAA Division III (D-III) is a division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States. D-III consists of athletic programs at colleges and universities that choose not to offer athletic scholarships to their student-athletes.

National Collegiate Athletic Association

National Collegiate Athletic Association

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) is a nonprofit organization that regulates student athletics among about 1,100 schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. It also organizes the athletic programs of colleges and universities in the United States and Canada and helps over 500,000 college student athletes who compete annually in college sports. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.

NCAA Division III independent schools

NCAA Division III independent schools

NCAA Division III independent schools are four-year institutions that compete in college athletics at the NCAA Division III level, but do not belong to an established athletic conference for a particular sport. These schools may however still compete as members of an athletic conference in other sports. A school may also be fully independent, and not belong to any athletic conference for any sport at all. The reason for independent status varies among institutions, but it is frequently because the school's primary athletic conference does not sponsor a particular sport.

Great South Athletic Conference

Great South Athletic Conference

The Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) was an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA’s Division III. Member institutions were located nationwide, but was originally based in the southeastern United States.

Atlantic Women's Colleges Conference

Atlantic Women's Colleges Conference

The Atlantic Women's Colleges Conference was an eight-member college athletics conference founded in 1995 and given official status in 1999. It competed in NCAA Division III and as its name implies, only offered championships in women's sports. In the conference's later years, several of its members finally became co-educational. Following the 2006–07 season these members, seeking homes for their newly created men's athletic programs departed for other conferences. Other members also switched affiliations, leaving the conference without enough members to be officially sanctioned. Following the 2007 spring season, the conference ceased operations.

Campus buildings

Trinity Washington University
Trinity Washington University
Main Hall, designed by Edwin Forrest Durang.
Main Hall, designed by Edwin Forrest Durang.

The campus includes the following buildings:

  • Main Hall, which houses most of the administrative offices on campus, many faculty offices and classrooms, as well as the university's admissions office, O'Connor Auditorium, and bookstore.
  • Payden Academic Center, opened in 2016, is a LEED-certified learning center that features state-of-the-art nursing and science labs, classrooms for all disciplines and Trinity's technology hub.[8]
  • Trinity Center for Women and Girls in Sports is an athletic, recreational and educational complex located in the heart of Trinity's campus.
  • Sister Helen Sheehan Library holds more than 200,000 volumes.
  • Alumnae Hall, the university's dining hall, serves three meals a day throughout the academic year and is also a residence hall.
  • Cuvilly Hall is a residence hall primarily for first-year students.
  • Kerby Hall is a residence hall. In the 1980s, it was a residence hall for graduate students of other colleges in Washington, D.C., including Robert Casey, who studied law at Catholic University of America and later became a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania.
  • Notre Dame Chapel hosts many of Trinity's traditions, including Academic Convocation, Freshman Medal Ceremony, Cap and Gown Mass, and Baccalaureate Mass. Dedicated in 1924, it was designed by the architectural firm Maginnis and Walsh and won a national architecture award for ecclesiastical architecture from the American Institute of Architects. It was restored in 1997 and features Guastavino tiles, stained glass windows by Charles Jay Connick and a mosaic by Bancel LaFarge. The chapel hosted the pope during his 1979 visit to the United States.

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Edwin Forrest Durang

Edwin Forrest Durang

Edwin Forrest Durang was an American architect. He kept offices in Philadelphia and specialized in ecclesiastical and theatrical design.

Maginnis & Walsh

Maginnis & Walsh

Maginnis & Walsh was an architecture firm started by Charles Donagh Maginnis and Timothy Walsh in 1905. It was known for its innovative design of churches in Boston in the first half of the twentieth century.

American Institute of Architects

American Institute of Architects

The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA provides education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image. The AIA works with other members of the design and construction community to help coordinate the building industry.

Guastavino tile

Guastavino tile

The Guastavino tile arch system is a version of Catalan vault introduced to the United States in 1885 by Spanish architect and builder Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908). It was patented in the United States by Guastavino in 1892.

Charles Jay Connick

Charles Jay Connick

Charles Jay Connick (1875–1945) was a prominent American painter, muralist, and designer best known for his work in stained glass in the Gothic Revival style. Born in Springboro, Pennsylvania, Connick eventually settled in the Boston area where he opened his studio in 1913. Connick's work is contained in many preeminent churches and chapels, including examples in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, New York City, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. He also authored the book Adventures in Light and Color in 1937. Connick's studio continued to operate, and remained a leading producer of stained glass, until 1986.

Honor societies

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Phi Beta Kappa

Phi Beta Kappa

The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at only select American colleges and universities. It was founded at the College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776, as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity and was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies. Since its inception, 17 U.S. presidents, 40 U.S. Supreme Court justices, and 136 Nobel laureates have been inducted members.

Sigma Iota Rho

Sigma Iota Rho

Sigma Iota Rho (ΣΙΡ) is a collegiate honor society for international studies recognized by the International Studies Association.

Alpha Sigma Lambda

Alpha Sigma Lambda

Alpha Sigma Lambda (ΑΣΛ) is the oldest and largest national honor society for Non-traditional students who achieve and maintain outstanding scholastic standards and leadership characteristics while adroitly handling additional responsibilities of work and family.

Beta Kappa Chi

Beta Kappa Chi

Beta Kappa Chi (ΒΚΧ) is a scholastic honor society that recognizes academic achievement among students in the fields of natural science and mathematics.

Lambda Pi Eta

Lambda Pi Eta

Lambda Pi Eta (ΛΠΗ) is the official Communication Studies honor society of the National Communication Association (NCA). As a member of the Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS), Lambda Pi Eta has more than 500 active chapters at four-year colleges and universities worldwide.

Psi Chi

Psi Chi

Psi Chi (ΨΧ) is a college student honor society in psychology with international outreach founded in 1929 at the University of Kansas in the United States.

Pi Sigma Alpha

Pi Sigma Alpha

Pi Sigma Alpha, the National Political Science Honor Society, is the only honor society for college and university students of political and social sciences in the United States. Its purpose is to recognize and promote high academic achievement in the field of political science. It is a member of the Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) and adheres to all the standards set by ACHS for an upper-division, specialized honor society. Pi Sigma Alpha is not a social fraternity or club.

Phi Alpha Theta

Phi Alpha Theta

Phi Alpha Theta (ΦΑΘ) is an American honor society for undergraduate and graduate students and professors of history. It has more than 400,000 members, with new members numbering about 9,000 a year through its 970 chapters.

Notable alumnae

Nancy Pelosi, former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, class of 1962[9]
Nancy Pelosi, former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, class of 1962[9]

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Nancy Pelosi

Nancy Pelosi

Nancy Patricia Pelosi is an American politician who served as the 52nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2019 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman elected Speaker and the first woman to lead a major political party in either chamber of Congress, leading the House Democrats for 20 years, from 2003 to 2023. She has represented California's 11th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives since 1987. The district, numbered as the 5th district from 1987 to 1993, the 8th from 1993 to 2013, and the 12th from 2013 to 2023, includes most of the city of San Francisco.

Joy Ford Austin

Joy Ford Austin

Joy Ford Austin is a Guyanese-American non-profit executive, philanthropist, humanitarian, and arts patron. She was the director of the African American Museums Association, which she helped found in 1980, and worked with institutions to preserve African-American culture and history. From 2000 to 2020, Austin served as the executive director of Humanities DC, an affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Since stepping down as executive director of Humanities DC, she has served as the president of AustinFord Associates and as the chief executive officer of Joy Ford Austin Arts and Humanities Advocacy.

Humanities DC

Humanities DC

HumanitiesDC, formerly known as the Humanities Council of Washington, DC, is an American non-profit affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities based in Washington, D.C. Humanities DC was founded in 1980 to fund and produce public humanities programming in the District of Columbia. It is one of 56 state humanities councils founded in the wake of the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965.

Cathie Black

Cathie Black

Cathleen Prunty "Cathie" Black is a former New York City Schools Chancellor. On April 7, 2011, Black stepped down from her position after 95 days on the job. Her appointment to replace longtime Chancellor Joel Klein was announced on November 9, 2010 by Mayor Michael Bloomberg and became effective on January 3, 2011. Black required a waiver to replace Klein, as she did not possess the education administration experience required by New York State's Education Department. She was replaced by New York City Deputy Mayor Dennis Walcott.

Rosemary M. Collyer

Rosemary M. Collyer

Rosemary Mayers Collyer is an inactive Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and a former judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

Kellyanne Conway

Kellyanne Conway

Kellyanne Elizabeth Conway is an American political consultant and pollster, who served as Senior Counselor to the President in the administration of Donald Trump from 2017 to 2020. She was previously Trump's campaign manager, having been appointed in August 2016; Conway is the first woman to have run a successful U.S. presidential campaign.

Counselor to the President

Counselor to the President

Counselor to the President is a title used by high-ranking political advisors to the president of the United States and senior members of the White House Office.

Donald Trump

Donald Trump

Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

Claire Eagan

Claire Eagan

Claire Veronica Eagan is a Senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma and a former Judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. Effective February 12, 2020, Chief Justice John G. Roberts appointed Judge Eagan as the chair of the Executive Committee of the Judicial Conference.

Cynthia Eagle Russett

Cynthia Eagle Russett

Cynthia Eagle Russett was an American historian, noted for her studies of 19th century American intellectual history, and women and gender.

Regina Flannery Herzfeld

Regina Flannery Herzfeld

Regina Flannery Herzfeld was an American anthropologist. She was a professor of anthropology at the Catholic University of America (CUA) from 1935 to 1971, and editor of Anthropological Quarterly from 1949 to 1963.

Joan Frances Gormley

Joan Frances Gormley

Joan Frances Gormley, a consecrated virgin in the Catholic Church, was an American scholar in the fields of classical literature and of biblical studies. She was a professor in the Department of Sacred Scripture at Mount St. Mary's Seminary. She translated and produced a number of works by leading Catholic mystics, such as Edith Stein and John of Avila.

Source: "Trinity Washington University", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Washington_University.

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References
  1. ^ "Spotlight On: Trinity at 125 — Moving Forward in the 21st Century". snddenusa.org -Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. Retrieved December 6, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "All Programs at Trinity".
  3. ^ a b Schmalz, Julia (March 25, 2015). "How an Elite Women's College Lost Its Base and Found Its Mission". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved August 19, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ a b c Daniel de Vise (February 14, 2010). "The Devoted: She spent her life transforming Trinity. So where does Pat McGuire – and the university she rebuilt – go from here?". The Washington Post.
  5. ^ "Nursing and Health Professions Home - Nursing & Health Professions".
  6. ^ "Trinity Washington University". usnews.com. U.S. News & World Report, L.P. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  7. ^ "Trinity DARE: Driving Actions for Racial Equity – Trinity DARE". Trinity Washington University. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  8. ^ "How this women's college got its first new academic building in 50 years". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  9. ^ "Nancy Pelosi '62". Trinity Washington University. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  10. ^ Reader, Stephen (November 9, 2010). "Bloomberg's Choice for NYC Schools: Publisher Cathie Black | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News". WNYC.
  11. ^ Bellinger, Dawn. "Rosemary M. Collyer". Historical Society of the D.C. Circuit. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  12. ^ "Q&A with Kellyanne Conway '89 – TRINITY Magazine 2006 – Trinity Washington University". Retrieved March 26, 2017.
  13. ^ "Eagan, Claire". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  14. ^ Fox, Margalit (December 18, 2013). "Cynthia Eagle Russett, Chronicler of Women's History, Dies at 76". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Sun, Baltimore (October 23, 2007). "Sister Joan". baltimoresun.com.
  16. ^ "KENNELLY, Barbara Bailey | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". History, Art & Archives. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  17. ^ Schudel, Matt (January 7, 2007). "Maria Leavey, 52; Political Consultant". The Washington Post.
  18. ^ "Dr. Jane Dammen McAuliffe '66, Director of National and International Outreach at Library of Congress, to Speak and Be Honored at Trinity's Commencement". Trinity Washington University. May 4, 2016.
  19. ^ a b Bank, Anna (March 27, 2008). "The Fall and Rise of Trinity Washington University". The Georgetown Voice. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  20. ^ "NCR's 2019 newsmaker of the year: Nancy Pelosi". National Catholic Reporter. December 20, 2019.
  21. ^ Greenhouse, Steven (March 20, 2009). "State Labor Commissioner Is Picked for Federal Job". The New York Times.
  22. ^ Olkowski, Tyler S.B. (June 6, 2014). "Kennedy School Names Clinton Advisor as New IOP Director | News | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com.
  23. ^ "Alanna Fields". Assembly. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
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