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The Ladd Company

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
The Ladd Company
TypeMovie Studio
IndustryFilm Production
Founded1979
FounderAlan Ladd Jr., Jay Kanter, and Gareth Wigan
Defunct2007
FateShut down
Headquarters
Hollywood, California
For the 19th-century company that developed the first commercial sugar plantation in Hawaii, see Ladd & Co.

The Ladd Company was an American film production company founded by Alan Ladd Jr., Jay Kanter, and Gareth Wigan in 1979.

In 1979, the three founders were executives with 20th Century Fox; Ladd was the president. They announced their intention to leave the company when their contracts expired in December 1980 and form a new production company to be financed by Warner Bros. (Ladd had reportedly been quarreling with other Fox senior executives.) Fox subsequently cut their contracts short, ending on October 1, 1979.[1] The day after the contracts expired, the trio placed ads for the newly named "Ladd Company" in The Hollywood Reporter and Variety.[2]

Under Warner Bros., The Ladd Company distributed Chariots of Fire, which won the 1981 Academy Award for Best Picture.[3] Among the films it produced were the Space Race epic The Right Stuff, the space western Outland, Ridley Scott's science-fiction cult film Blade Runner, neo-noir film Body Heat, and the first two Police Academy movies.

Police Academy proved very profitable. But the returns from the company's successes did not outweigh the box-office failures of The Right Stuff, the edited version of Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in America, and the animated Twice Upon a Time (co-produced with Lucasfilm). On April 18, 1984, Alan Ladd Jr. and Warner Bros. parted ways, even though the former still had three years left on the studio's contract. From that point on, "the Ladd Company [would] become a non-exclusive production organization."[4]

During a brief partnership with Paramount Pictures in the mid-1990s, the company produced The Brady Bunch Movie and the Best Picture Oscar winner Braveheart.

Ladd's later releases are the 2005 Lasse Hallström drama, An Unfinished Life, and the 2007 Ben Affleck drama Gone Baby Gone, both distributed by Miramax Films.

Discover more about The Ladd Company related topics

Alan Ladd Jr.

Alan Ladd Jr.

Alan Walbridge Ladd Jr. was an American film industry executive and producer. He served as president of 20th Century Fox from 1976 to 1979, during which he approved the production of Star Wars. He later established The Ladd Company and headed MGM/UA. Ladd won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1996 for producing Braveheart.

Jay Kanter

Jay Kanter

Jay Ira Kanter is an American film producer. He is best known for his long association with Alan Ladd Jr. He was a talent agent at MCA for a number of years. He is known for his biographical works such as Grace Kelly: The American Princess (1987) and Brando (2007). His most recent work is Marlon Brando: An Actor Named Desire (2014).

Gareth Wigan

Gareth Wigan

Gareth Wigan was a British agent, producer and studio executive known for working on such films as George Lucas's Star Wars. His early recognition of the power of the global entertainment market allowed his employer, Sony Pictures Entertainment, to take advantage of films such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

Chariots of Fire

Chariots of Fire

Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical sports drama film directed by Hugh Hudson, written by Colin Welland and produced by David Puttnam. It is based on the true story of two British athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice. Ben Cross and Ian Charleson star as Abrahams and Liddell, alongside Nigel Havers, Ian Holm, John Gielgud, Lindsay Anderson, Cheryl Campbell, Alice Krige, Brad Davis and Dennis Christopher in supporting roles. Kenneth Branagh makes his debut in a minor role.

Academy Award for Best Picture

Academy Award for Best Picture

The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in which every member of the Oscars is eligible to submit a nomination and vote on the final ballot. The Best Picture category is traditionally the final award of the night and is widely considered as the most prestigious honor of the ceremony.

Blade Runner

Blade Runner

Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos, it is an adaptation of Philip K. Dick's 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The film is set in a dystopian future Los Angeles of 2019, in which synthetic humans known as replicants are bio-engineered by the powerful Tyrell Corporation to work on space colonies. When a fugitive group of advanced replicants led by Roy Batty (Hauer) escapes back to Earth, burnt-out cop Rick Deckard (Ford) reluctantly agrees to hunt them down.

Body Heat

Body Heat

Body Heat is a 1981 American neo-noir erotic thriller film written and directed by Lawrence Kasdan in his directorial debut. It stars William Hurt and Kathleen Turner, featuring Richard Crenna, Ted Danson, J. A. Preston and Mickey Rourke. The film was inspired by the classic film noir Double Indemnity (1944).

Braveheart

Braveheart

Braveheart is a 1995 American epic historical drama film directed by, produced by, and starring Mel Gibson. Gibson portrays Sir William Wallace, a late-13th century Scottish warrior who led the Scots in the First War of Scottish Independence against King Edward I of England. The film also stars Sophie Marceau, Patrick McGoohan and Catherine McCormack. The story is inspired by Blind Harry's 15th century epic poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace.

Lasse Hallström

Lasse Hallström

Lars Sven "Lasse" Hallström is a Swedish film director. He first became known for directing almost all the music videos by the pop group ABBA, and subsequently became a feature film director. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director for My Life as a Dog (1985) and later for The Cider House Rules (1999). His other celebrated directorial works include What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) and Chocolat (2000).

An Unfinished Life

An Unfinished Life

An Unfinished Life is a 2005 American drama film directed by Lasse Hallström, and based on the Mark Spragg novel of the same name. The film stars Robert Redford, Jennifer Lopez, and Morgan Freeman. It is the story of a gruff Wyoming rancher (Redford) who must reconcile his relationship with his struggling daughter-in-law (Lopez) and previously-unknown-to-him granddaughter, after they show up unexpectedly at his ranch and ask to stay with him and his disabled best friend and neighbor (Freeman).

Ben Affleck

Ben Affleck

Benjamin Géza Affleck is an American actor and filmmaker. His accolades include two Academy Awards. Affleck began his career as a child when he starred in the PBS educational series The Voyage of the Mimi. He later appeared in the independent comedy Dazed and Confused (1993) and various Kevin Smith films.

Gone Baby Gone

Gone Baby Gone

Gone Baby Gone is a 2007 American neo-noir crime thriller film directed by Ben Affleck, in his directorial debut. Affleck co-wrote the screenplay with Aaron Stockard based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Dennis Lehane. The film stars Casey Affleck and Michelle Monaghan as two Boston private investigators hunting for a young girl abducted from her single mother's apartment in Dorchester. The supporting cast includes Morgan Freeman, Ed Harris, and Amy Ryan. It was the final film to be released by The Ladd Company before its closure.

History

Beginnings

Alan Ladd Jr. had been a successful studio head of 20th Century Fox, helping make films such as Star Wars,[5] Julia, Alien, The Turning Point, Young Frankenstein, An Unmarried Woman and Silver Streak.[6] He ran into conflict with the company's chairman, Dennis Stanfill and wanted to leave. He left the company in June 1979 to set up his own company along with fellow executives Jay Kanter and Gareth Wigan. Under the terms of their severance with Fox, they were not allowed to start working until October 1, 1979.[7]

The company was known as The Ladd Company and its symbol was a tree. "You could say it has a tie in with the tree of life," said Ladd.[8] They signed a deal with Warner Bros who would finance and distribute their films, although the Ladd Company had creative control. Warners would finance at least $75 million a year.[8]

Ladd said he wanted to make "basically what I made at Fox. I don't think my attitude has changed. Those pictures went all over the place. There wasn't any specific theme to them." Even films like Alien and The Omen which he admits were "exploitation pictures, I think we tried to do it with more quality and style than just ripping off a theme."[9]

Early films

In November 1979, Ladd announced the company's first films: a Bette Midler concert movie (Ladd greenlit Midler's The Rose while at Fox) and Madonna Red a $10 million Joseph L. Mankiewicz film starring Paul Newman as a Vietnam War veteran turned priest.[10] Then they announced Five Days in Summer from Fred Zinnemann who had made Julia, and Twice Upon a Time a $3 million film from Lucasfilm.[11][12]

The Midler film became Divine Madness (1980) but Madonna Red was never made. The first dramatic film the company ended making was Outland (1981), a science fiction film in the vein of Alien shot in England under Sandy Lieberson, the company's head of European operations. It was a commercial disappointment when released.[13]

The Ladd Company's second film was going to be a Bernardo Bertolucci film starring Ugo Tognazzi.[13] This was never made. However the company had a critical and commercial hit with Body Heat (1981) the directorial debut of Lawrence Kasdan, then with Chariots of Fire (1981), a British film the company helped finance.[14]

Looker (1981) from Michael Crichton was a flop. The company helped make Blade Runner (1982), directed by Ridley Scott, which was a cult classic years after its theatrical release, but under performed critically and commercially. Night Shift (1982), directed by Ron Howard, was a minor success.

Series of flops

However the company made a series of flops: Love Child (1982), Five Days One Summer (1982), Lovesick (1983) and Twice Upon a Time (1983).

The Ladd Company hoped for a big hit with the $28 million The Right Stuff (1983) but it only returned $10 million to the company.[15] Larry Gross later wrote,

The Ladd Company, a director-friendly bunch, went down with The Right Stuff. Execs look very closely at what causes other companies to retire from the field. The levels of caution multiply.[16]

Also unsuccessful were Star 80 (1983) and Mike's Murder (1983).[17]

Ladd developed Country but sold the film to another company.[18] They also had Splash! from Ron Howard but put it in turnaround, as they did The Big Chill (1983).[19]

The company had a huge hit with Police Academy (1984), made for $4.2 million which grossed $81 million and led to several sequels.[20] Less successful were Purple Hearts (1984) and Once Upon a Time in America (1984) which the company extensively edited without the cooperation of Sergio Leone.

End of company

The success of Police Academy came too late to save the company. In April 1984, Warners announced its association with the Ladd Company was over and Ladd became a nonexclusive production organization.[21]

By July 1984, the New York Times wrote that,

In essence, the Ladd Company no longer exists; although the label still exists, most of its executives have left. The company failed partly as a result of the dismal box-office record of many of its interesting, intelligent movies, including The Right Stuff, and partly because new management at Warner Brothers, which financed and distributed Ladd Company films, did not care to nurture the smaller movie company.[22]

In July 1984, Kanter left the company to become head of production at MGM/UA.[23] Ladd followed, becoming head of MGM/UA in February 1985.[24]

The last two films made by the company during its first incarnation were Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment (1985) and Doin' Time (1985).

Revival

Ladd was ousted from MGM/UA in the mid 1990's. He reformed The Ladd Company, and in 1995 produced the Oscar-winning film Braveheart, a film he was able to take with him from MGM/UA. Around that same time Ladd also produced The Phantom (1996) and A Very Brady Sequel (1996). The Ladd Company's final films were An Unfinished Life (2005) and Gone Baby Gone (2007).

Discover more about History related topics

Alan Ladd Jr.

Alan Ladd Jr.

Alan Walbridge Ladd Jr. was an American film industry executive and producer. He served as president of 20th Century Fox from 1976 to 1979, during which he approved the production of Star Wars. He later established The Ladd Company and headed MGM/UA. Ladd won an Academy Award for Best Picture in 1996 for producing Braveheart.

Julia (1977 film)

Julia (1977 film)

Julia is a 1977 American Holocaust drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann, from a screenplay by Alvin Sargent. It is based on a chapter from Lillian Hellman's 1973 book Pentimento about the author's relationship with a lifelong friend, Julia, who fought against the Nazis in the years prior to World War II. The film stars Jane Fonda, Vanessa Redgrave, Jason Robards, Hal Holbrook, Rosemary Murphy, Maximilian Schell and Meryl Streep.

Alien (film)

Alien (film)

Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Dan O'Bannon. Based on a story by O'Bannon and Ronald Shusett, it follows the crew of the commercial space tug Nostromo, who, after coming across a mysterious derelict spaceship on an uncharted planetoid, find themselves up against an aggressive and deadly extraterrestrial set loose on the Nostromo. The film stars Tom Skerritt, Sigourney Weaver, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm, and Yaphet Kotto. It was produced by Gordon Carroll, David Giler, and Walter Hill through their company Brandywine Productions and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Giler and Hill revised and made additions to the script; Shusett was the executive producer. The Alien and its accompanying artifacts were designed by the Swiss artist H. R. Giger, while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the more human settings.

An Unmarried Woman

An Unmarried Woman

An Unmarried Woman is a 1978 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Paul Mazursky and starring Jill Clayburgh, Alan Bates and Michael Murphy. The film was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Actress (Clayburgh).

Dennis Stanfill

Dennis Stanfill

Dennis Carothers Stanfill is an American business executive, Rhodes Scholar and philanthropist. He is best known for his stewardship of the 20th Century Fox Film Corporation from 1971 to 1981 as chairman and chief executive officer, succeeding Darryl F. Zanuck.

Jay Kanter

Jay Kanter

Jay Ira Kanter is an American film producer. He is best known for his long association with Alan Ladd Jr. He was a talent agent at MCA for a number of years. He is known for his biographical works such as Grace Kelly: The American Princess (1987) and Brando (2007). His most recent work is Marlon Brando: An Actor Named Desire (2014).

Gareth Wigan

Gareth Wigan

Gareth Wigan was a British agent, producer and studio executive known for working on such films as George Lucas's Star Wars. His early recognition of the power of the global entertainment market allowed his employer, Sony Pictures Entertainment, to take advantage of films such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

Bette Midler

Bette Midler

Bette Midler is an American singer, actress, comedian and author. Throughout her career, which spans over five decades, Midler has received numerous accolades, including four Golden Globe Awards, three Grammy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, two Tony Awards and a Kennedy Center Honor, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and a British Academy Film Award.

Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Joseph L. Mankiewicz

Joseph Leo Mankiewicz was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and won both the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay in consecutive years for A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950), the latter of which was nominated for 14 Academy Awards and won six.

Fred Zinnemann

Fred Zinnemann

Alfred "Fred" Zinnemann was an Austrian Empire-born American film director. He won four Academy Awards for directing and producing films in various genres, including thrillers, westerns, film noir and play adaptations. He made 25 feature films during his 50-year career.

Divine Madness (film)

Divine Madness (film)

Divine Madness is a 1980 American concert film directed by Michael Ritchie, and featuring Bette Midler and the Harlettes during her February 13—15, 1980 concerts at Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The 94-minute film features Midler's stand-up comedy routines, as well as 16 songs, including "Big Noise from Winnetka", "Paradise", "Shiver Me Timbers", "Fire Down Below", "Stay With Me", "My Mother's Eyes", "Chapel of Love" / "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy", "Do You Want to Dance", "You Can't Always Get What You Want" / "I Shall Be Released", "E Street Shuffle" / "Summer " / "Leader of the Pack", and "The Rose".

Outland (film)

Outland (film)

Outland is a 1981 science fiction thriller film written and directed by Peter Hyams and starring Sean Connery, Peter Boyle, and Frances Sternhagen.

List of films

Film Release Date Studio Notes
Divine Madness! September 26, 1980 Warner Bros.
Chariots of Fire May 15, 1981 Warner Bros. (Domestic) / 20th Century Fox (International) Domestic distribution in association with Warner Bros. only
Outland May 22, 1981 Warner Bros.
Body Heat August 28, 1981 Warner Bros.
Looker October 30, 1981 Warner Bros.
Tragedy of a Ridiculous Man February 12, 1982 Warner Bros. U.S. Distribution only, Subtitled version of an Italian Film
Blade Runner June 25, 1982 Warner Bros. Co-production with Shaw Brothers Studio and Blade Runner Partnership.
Night Shift July 30, 1982 Warner Bros.
Love Child October 15, 1982 Warner Bros.
Five Days One Summer November 12, 1982 Warner Bros.
Lovesick February 18, 1983 Warner Bros.
Twice Upon a Time August 5, 1983 Warner Bros.
The Right Stuff October 21, 1983 Warner Bros. Limited release in October 1983, wide release in 1984.
Star 80 November 10, 1983 Warner Bros.
Mike's Murder March 9, 1984 Warner Bros.
Police Academy March 22, 1984 Warner Bros.
Purple Hearts March 30, 1984 Warner Bros.
Once Upon a Time in America June 1, 1984 Warner Bros.
Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment March 29, 1985 Warner Bros. First Ladd Company film not to have the company's logo screen at the beginning of the film.
Doin' Time May 19, 1985 Warner Bros. Final Ladd Company picture released by Warner Bros.
The Brady Bunch Movie February 17, 1995 Paramount Pictures First Ladd Company picture since 1985 and the first released by Paramount
Braveheart May 24, 1995 Paramount Pictures (Domestic) / 20th Century Fox (International) Co-production with Icon Productions
The Phantom June 7, 1996 Paramount Pictures Co-production with Village Roadshow Pictures
A Very Brady Sequel August 23, 1996 Paramount Pictures
An Unfinished Life September 9, 2005 Miramax Films Co-production with Revolution Studios
Gone Baby Gone October 19, 2007 Miramax Films

[25]

Discover more about List of films related topics

Divine Madness (film)

Divine Madness (film)

Divine Madness is a 1980 American concert film directed by Michael Ritchie, and featuring Bette Midler and the Harlettes during her February 13—15, 1980 concerts at Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California. The 94-minute film features Midler's stand-up comedy routines, as well as 16 songs, including "Big Noise from Winnetka", "Paradise", "Shiver Me Timbers", "Fire Down Below", "Stay With Me", "My Mother's Eyes", "Chapel of Love" / "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy", "Do You Want to Dance", "You Can't Always Get What You Want" / "I Shall Be Released", "E Street Shuffle" / "Summer " / "Leader of the Pack", and "The Rose".

Chariots of Fire

Chariots of Fire

Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical sports drama film directed by Hugh Hudson, written by Colin Welland and produced by David Puttnam. It is based on the true story of two British athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell, a devout Scottish Christian who runs for the glory of God, and Harold Abrahams, an English Jew who runs to overcome prejudice. Ben Cross and Ian Charleson star as Abrahams and Liddell, alongside Nigel Havers, Ian Holm, John Gielgud, Lindsay Anderson, Cheryl Campbell, Alice Krige, Brad Davis and Dennis Christopher in supporting roles. Kenneth Branagh makes his debut in a minor role.

Outland (film)

Outland (film)

Outland is a 1981 science fiction thriller film written and directed by Peter Hyams and starring Sean Connery, Peter Boyle, and Frances Sternhagen.

Body Heat

Body Heat

Body Heat is a 1981 American neo-noir erotic thriller film written and directed by Lawrence Kasdan in his directorial debut. It stars William Hurt and Kathleen Turner, featuring Richard Crenna, Ted Danson, J. A. Preston and Mickey Rourke. The film was inspired by the classic film noir Double Indemnity (1944).

Looker

Looker

Looker is a 1981 American science fiction film written and directed by Michael Crichton and starring Albert Finney, Susan Dey, and James Coburn. The film is a suspense/science-fiction piece that comments upon and satirizes media, advertising, television's effects on the populace, and a ridiculous standard of beauty.

Blade Runner

Blade Runner

Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos, it is an adaptation of Philip K. Dick's 1968 novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? The film is set in a dystopian future Los Angeles of 2019, in which synthetic humans known as replicants are bio-engineered by the powerful Tyrell Corporation to work on space colonies. When a fugitive group of advanced replicants led by Roy Batty (Hauer) escapes back to Earth, burnt-out cop Rick Deckard (Ford) reluctantly agrees to hunt them down.

Night Shift (1982 film)

Night Shift (1982 film)

Night Shift is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Ron Howard. The film centers on a timid night-shift morgue employee whose life is turned upside down by a new co-worker who fancies himself a free-spirited entrepreneur. It stars Howard's Happy Days co-star Henry Winkler along with Michael Keaton, in his first starring role, and Shelley Long. Also appearing are Richard Belzer and Clint Howard. There are brief scenes with a young Kevin Costner as "frat boy #1", Shannen Doherty as a Bluebell scout, Vincent Schiavelli as a man who delivers a sandwich, and Charles Fleischer as one of the jail prisoners.

Love Child (1982 film)

Love Child (1982 film)

Love Child is a 1982 biopic based on the life of Terry Jean Moore. The film stars Amy Madigan, Beau Bridges, and Mackenzie Phillips.

Five Days One Summer

Five Days One Summer

Five Days One Summer is a 1982 American romantic drama film directed and produced by Fred Zinnemann from a screenplay by Michael Austin, based on the 1929 short story Maiden, Maiden by Kay Boyle. Set primarily in the Alps, the story focuses on Douglas Meredith and his lover Kate as they embark on a mountain climbing trip, which unravels their relationship due to Kate's feelings for their mountain guide as well as a dark secret that looms over the couple.

Lovesick (1983 film)

Lovesick (1983 film)

Lovesick is a 1983 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Marshall Brickman. It stars Dudley Moore and Elizabeth McGovern and features Alec Guinness as the ghost of Sigmund Freud.

Police Academy (film)

Police Academy (film)

Police Academy is a 1984 American comedy film directed by Hugh Wilson in his directorial debut, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Its story follows a new recruitment policy for an unnamed police department's academy that is required to take in any recruit who wishes to try out to be a police officer. The film stars Steve Guttenberg, Kim Cattrall, and G.W. Bailey.

Purple Hearts (1984 film)

Purple Hearts (1984 film)

Purple Hearts is a 1984 war film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Ken Wahl and Cheryl Ladd. The screenplay concerns a Navy surgeon and a Navy nurse who fall in love while serving in Vietnam during the war. Their affection for one another provides a striking contrast to the violence of warfare.

Source: "The Ladd Company", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 24th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ladd_Company.

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Further Reading

Casablanca (film)

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

United Artists

Touchstone Pictures

The Cannon Group, Inc.

Outland (film)

Warner Bros. Home Entertainment

Associated Artists Productions

Under the Rainbow
References
  1. ^ Thomas, Bob. "Studio 'revolution' treat for gossips". Edmonton Journal (August 18, 1979).
  2. ^ Schreger, Charles. "New Film Company Born of Frustration". Sarasota Herald-Tribune (October 19, 1979)
  3. ^ Chariots of Fire Wins Best Picture: 1982-Oscars on YouTube
  4. ^ Associated Press. "Ladd, Warner Bros. dissolve agreement". St. Joseph News-Press (April 20, 1984).
  5. ^ Warner Bros. Settles Alan Ladd, Jr. Profits Lawsuit (Exclusive)|Hollywood Reporter
  6. ^ Alan Ladd Jr. - Biography -IMDb
  7. ^ BUSINESS PEOPLE New York Times 12 Oct 1979: D2.
  8. ^ a b In Movieland, Three's a Company: Pace Is Slow at Ladd Co. SCHREGER, CHARLES. Los Angeles Times 10 Oct 1979: g1.
  9. ^ Sweeney, Louise (7 February 1980). "Studio boss who called it quits". The Christian Science Monitor.
  10. ^ Ladd Films to Star Midler and Newman By ALJEAN HARMETZ New York Times 2 Nov 1979: C5.
  11. ^ At the Movies: Stallone unveils a Switzerland of personalities. Buckley, Tom. New York Times 18 Jan 1980: C8.
  12. ^ Star Wars' Team Plans Mythical Animated Film By ALJEAN HARMETZ New York Times 1 Apr 1980: C9.
  13. ^ a b Champlin, Charles (8 June 1980). "BY JUPITER, THE LADD CO. TAKES FLIGHT". Los Angeles Times. p. q3.
  14. ^ SOMETIMES A MOVIE MAKES A STUDIO PROUD ALJEAN HARMETZ New York Times 6 Feb 1982: 1.11.
  15. ^ MOGULS TAKE TO THE SLOPES FOR DEALS HARMETZ, ALJEAN. New York Times 7 Mar 1984: C.17.
  16. ^ The rise and fall of Hollywood Gross, Larry. The Ottawa Citizen 19 Apr 1999: B10
  17. ^ AT THE MOVIES Maslin, Janet. New York Times 9 Mar 1984: C.8.
  18. ^ IN LIFE AS ON SCREEN, STRUGGLE DEFINES TWO ACTRESSES: [1] Lindsey, Robert. New York Times 16 Sep 1984: A.19.
  19. ^ Auteur Opie McCarthy, Todd. Film Comment; New York Vol. 20, Iss. 3, (May/Jun 1984): 40-42,80.
  20. ^ Thomas, Bob (11 January 1985). "IF YOU ENJOYED 'POLICE ACADEMY,' GET READY FOR ANOTHER". Chicago Tribune. p. E.
  21. ^ Warner Severs Tie With Ladd Warner Communications New York Times 19 Apr 1984: D.5.
  22. ^ REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK: FILM INDUSTRY THRIVES HARMETZ, ALJEAN. New York Times 16 July 1984: C.12.
  23. ^ KANTOR CHOSEN TO HEAD MGM/UA PRODUCTION HARMETZ, ALJEAN. New York Times 18 July 1984: C.21.
  24. ^ LA CLIPS Same old faces on two film sets Deans, Laurie. The Globe and Mail1 Feb 1985: E.7.
  25. ^ BFI
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