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Tacoma-class frigate

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
USS Peoria (PF-67) off Charleston, South Carolina (USA), circa in June 1945 (19-N-84718).jpg
Class overview
Builders
Operators
Preceded byAsheville-class patrol frigate
Succeeded bynone
SubclassesColony class
Cost$2.3 million[1]
Built1943–1945
In commission1943–2000
Planned100
Completed96
Cancelled4
Lost2
Retired94
Preserved3
General characteristics
TypeFrigate
Displacement
  • 1,430 long tons (1,450 t) (light load)
  • 2,415 long tons (2,454 t) (full load)
Length303 ft 11 in (92.63 m)
Beam37 ft 6 in (11.43 m)
Draft13 ft 8 in (4.17 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
Speed20.3 kn (37.6 km/h; 23.4 mph)
Complement190
Armament

The Tacoma class of patrol frigates served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.

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United States Navy

United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 allies or partner nations of the United States as of 2015. It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, two new carriers under construction, and five other carriers planned. With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve, the United States Navy is the third largest of the United States military service branches in terms of personnel. It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 2,623 operational aircraft as of June 2019.

World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

Korean War

Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.

Gunboat

Gunboat

A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.

Lead ship

Lead ship

The lead ship, name ship, or class leader is the first of a series or class of ships all constructed according to the same general design. The term is applicable to naval ships and large civilian vessels.

USS Tacoma (PF-3)

USS Tacoma (PF-3)

USS Tacoma (PG-111/PF-3), the lead ship of the Tacoma-class patrol frigates. The third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Tacoma, Washington, she was in commission from 1943 to 1945, and from 1949 to 1951. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-11 and in the Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Taedong (PF-63).

Tacoma, Washington

Tacoma, Washington

Tacoma is the county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States. A port city, it is situated along Washington's Puget Sound, 32 miles (51 km) southwest of Seattle, 31 miles (50 km) northeast of the state capital, Olympia, and 58 miles (93 km) northwest of Mount Rainier National Park. The city's population was 219,346 at the time of the 2020 census. Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third-largest in the state. Tacoma also serves as the center of business activity for the South Sound region, which has a population of about 1 million.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Colony-class frigate

Colony-class frigate

The Colony-class frigates were a series of 21 frigates constructed in the United States by Walsh-Kaiser of Providence, Rhode Island for transfer under Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy in 1944. They were given the names of relatively minor colonies as names of large colonies had been used for the Crown Colony-class cruisers.

Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was a policy under which the United States supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, China, and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and 1945. The aid was given for free on the basis that such help was essential for the defense of the United States.

Soviet Navy

Soviet Navy

The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic planning in the event of a conflict with the opposing superpower, the United States, during the Cold War (1945–1991). The Soviet Navy played a large role during the Cold War, either confronting the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in western Europe or power projection to maintain its sphere of influence in eastern Europe.

United States Coast Guard

United States Coast Guard

The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its duties. It is the largest and most powerful coast guard in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most navies.

Design

In 1942, the success of German submarines against Allied shipping and the shortage of escorts with which to protect Allied sea lines of communication convinced US President Franklin D. Roosevelt of a need to engage mercantile shipbuilders in the construction of warships for escort duty. The United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM), which oversaw the wartime merchant shipbuilding program, proposed to meet this requirement by building a version of the British River-class frigate, a Royal Navy ship type based on a mercantile design in British shipyards experienced in building commercial ships.[3][4] Two River-class ships under construction in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, as HMS Adur (for the Royal Navy) and HMCS Annan (for the Royal Canadian Navy), were transferred to the US Navy in 1942, prior to completion, as prototypes for the Tacoma class and became the Asheville-class Asheville (PF-1) and Natchez (PF-2), respectively.

The naval architecture firm of Gibbs & Cox, designed the Tacoma class by modifying the River class to American requirements. The Tacoma-class units were designed and armed to serve mostly as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ships. They were distinguished from the River class primarily by their pole (instead of the British tripod) foremast and lighter main guns, 3-inch (76.2-millimetre)/50 caliber gun instead of the British 4-inch (102-millimetre)/40 caliber gun, and they had an American rather than British powerplant.

The Tacoma-class was designed to take advantage of American construction techniques employing prefabrication. Unlike most other types of warship, the Tacomas, like the Rivers, were built to mercantile standards. With the proven effectiveness of the River class on escort duty, MARCOM's goal was to allow commercial shipyards without prior experience of naval construction standards to build effective warships more cheaply and efficiently. MARCOM had hoped that the US Navy, some members of which doubted that the commercial shipyards could build a sturdy enough warship, would accept them because of the proven service record of the River-class ships which inspired their design.[3][4]

The resulting ships had a greater range than the superficially similar destroyer escorts, but the US Navy viewed them as decidedly inferior in all other respects. The Tacoma class had a much larger turning circle than a destroyer escort, lacked sufficient ventilation for warm-weather operations – a reflection of their original British design and its emphasis on operations in the North Atlantic Ocean – and were criticized as far too hot below decks, and, because of the mercantile style of their hulls, had far less resistance to underwater explosions than ships built to naval standards like the destroyer escorts.[4]

Like their predecessors Asheville and Natchez, the Tacoma-class ships built for the US Navy all were named after small cities in the United States.[3]

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe.

Submarine

Submarine

A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as boats rather than ships irrespective of their size.

Allies of World War II

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during the Second World War (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers, led by Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, and Fascist Italy. Its principal members by the end of 1941 were the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China.

Sea lines of communication

Sea lines of communication

Sea lines of communication is a term describing the primary maritime routes between ports, used for trade, logistics and naval forces. It is generally used in reference to naval operations to ensure that SLOCs are open, or in times of war, to close them. The importance of SLOCs in geopolitics was described in Nicholas J. Spykman's America's Strategy in World Politics published in 1942.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he previously served as the 44th governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1913 to 1920, and a member of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913.

River-class frigate

River-class frigate

The River class was a class of 151 frigates launched between 1941 and 1944 for use as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the North Atlantic. The majority served with the Royal Navy and Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), with some serving in the other Allied navies: the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Free French Naval Forces, the Royal Netherlands Navy and, post-war, the South African Navy.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Merchant ship

Merchant ship

A merchant ship, merchant vessel, trading vessel, or merchantman is a watercraft that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This is in contrast to pleasure craft, which are used for personal recreation, and naval ships, which are used for military purposes.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 4,111 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

Naval architecture

Naval architecture

Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures. Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design, development, design evaluation (classification) and calculations during all stages of the life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified. Naval architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage-control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet statutory and non-statutory requirements.

Gibbs & Cox

Gibbs & Cox

Gibbs & Cox is an American naval architecture firm that specializes in designing surface warships. Founded in 1922 in New York City, Gibbs & Cox is now headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades.

Construction program

In November 1942, MARCOM gave its West Coast Regional Office the responsibility for coordinating the construction of the ships of the Tacoma class, which were to be split between commercial shipyards on the United States West Coast and five shipyards on the Great Lakes, the latter in particular chosen because they had building ways available for use in the Tacoma program. MARCOM tendered a contract to Kaiser Cargo, Inc., of Oakland, California, to prepare detailed specifications based on the Gibbs & Cox design and to manage the overall construction program.[3]

On 8 December 1942, MARCOM contracted for 69 Tacoma-class ships, for which the US Navy dropped the British "corvette" designation in favor of classifying the Tacomas (along with the two Asheville-class ships that preceded them) as "patrol gunboats" (PG); on 15 April 1943, the two Ashevilles and all Tacomas were reclassified as "patrol frigates" (PF). Kaiser Cargo itself received an order for 12 ships; the Consolidated Steel Corporation, of Wilmington, California, received an order for 18; the American Ship Building Company, received an order for 11, with four to be built at Cleveland, Ohio, and eight at Lorain, Ohio; the Walter Butler Shipbuilding Company, of Superior, Wisconsin, received an order for 12; Froemming Brothers, Inc., of Milwaukee, received an order for four; the Globe Shipbuilding Company, of Superior, Wisconsin, received an order for eight; and the Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company, of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, received an order for eight. American Shipbuilding later received an order for another six (four at Cleveland and two at Lorain), bringing the total orders for the US Navy to 79 ships, while the Walsh-Kaiser Company, of Providence, Rhode Island, received an order for 21 additional ships, all of which were to be transferred to the Royal Navy, where they were known as the Colony class, bringing the total planned construction to 100 units. Four ships scheduled for construction at Lorain, by American Shipbuilding, Stamford, Macon, Lorain, and Milledgeville (ex-Vallejo), were cancelled in December 1943 and February 1944, dropping the ultimate total of Tacoma-class ships built to 96.[2][3]

From the beginning, the construction program was plagued by difficulties which caused it to fall far behind schedule. Unfamiliar with the capabilities of the Great Lakes yards, Kaiser Cargo used prefabrication techniques unsuited to the Great Lakes yards' smaller cranes and had to rework them. Ice prevented patrol frigates built on the Great Lakes from transiting the Soo Locks on the St. Marys River between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, in the winter and spring, requiring them to be floated down the Mississippi River on pontoons to New Orleans or Houston for fitting out, often doubling their construction time. Delays became so lengthy that shipyards began to deliver the ships in such an incomplete state that shakedown and post-shakedown periods of repair and alteration took months for some of them. Bilge keels that cracked in rough seas or cold weather, failures in the welds holding the deckhouse to the deck, engine trouble, and ventilation problems plagued all of the ships. As a result, no Tacoma-class ship was commissioned until late in 1943, none were ready for service until 1944, and the last one, USS Alexandria (PF-18), was not commissioned until March 1945. The ships Consolidated Steel built proved the most reliable, while Kaiser Cargo-built units were the most trouble-prone; among the latter, Tacoma took ten months of shakedown and repairs to be ready after her commissioning, and Pasco proved equally difficult to make ready for service.[5]

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Great Lakes

Great Lakes

The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes.

Oakland, California

Oakland, California

Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third largest city overall in the Bay Area and the eighth most populated city in California. With a population of 440,646 in 2020, it serves as the Bay Area's trade center and economic engine: the Port of Oakland is the busiest port in Northern California, and the fifth busiest in the United States of America. The city was incorporated on May 4, 1852. Oakland is a charter city.

Consolidated Steel Corporation

Consolidated Steel Corporation

The Consolidated Steel Corporation was an American steel and shipbuilding business. Consolidated built ships during World War II in two main locations: Wilmington, California and Orange, Texas. It was created in 1929 by the merger of Llewellyn Iron Works, Baker Iron Works and Union Iron Works, all of Los Angeles. The company entered the shipbuilding business in 1939. In 1948, now a producer of large-diameter pipelines, Consolidated Steel was renamed Consolidated Western Steel and acquired by U.S. Steel and operated as a wholly-owned subsidiary. The San Diego-based Consolidated Aircraft Corp. is not related and neither is the Union Iron Works of San Francisco.

American Ship Building Company

American Ship Building Company

The American Ship Building Company was the dominant shipbuilder on the Great Lakes before the Second World War. It started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland, Ohio in 1888 and opened the yard in Lorain, Ohio in 1898. It changed its name to the American Ship Building Company in 1900, when it acquired Superior Shipbuilding, in Superior, Wisconsin; Toledo Shipbuilding, in Toledo, Ohio; and West Bay Shipbuilding, in West Bay City, Michigan. With the coming of World War I, the company also acquired Buffalo Dry Dock, in Buffalo, New York; Chicago Shipbuilding, in Chicago, Illinois; and Detroit Shipbuilding, in Wyandotte, Michigan. American Shipbuilding ranked 81st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.

Lorain, Ohio

Lorain, Ohio

Lorain is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located in Northeast Ohio on Lake Erie at the mouth of the Black River, about 25 miles (40 km) miles west of Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 65,211, making it Ohio's ninth-largest city, the third-largest in Greater Cleveland, and the largest in Lorain County by population.

Superior, Wisconsin

Superior, Wisconsin

Superior is a city in, and the county seat of, Douglas County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 26,751 at the 2020 census. Located at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 and U.S. Highway 53, it is immediately north of, and adjacent to, both the Village of Superior and the Town of Superior. Its neighborhoods include Billings Park, North End, South Superior, Central Park, East End, Allouez, and Itasca. Billings Park, South Superior, East End, and North End each have small business districts.

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

Milwaukee, officially the City of Milwaukee, is the most populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States, and the second largest city on Lake Michigan's shore behind Chicago.

Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin

Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin

Sturgeon Bay is a city in and the county seat of Door County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 9,646 at the 2020 Census. The city is well-known regionally for being the largest city of the Door Peninsula, after which the county is named.

Walsh-Kaiser Company

Walsh-Kaiser Company

Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc. was a shipyard in both Cranston and Providence, Rhode Island. It was built during World War II and financed by the Maritime Commission as part of the country's Emergency Shipbuilding Program. It was originally operated by Rheem Manufacturing, a company with no previous shipbuilding expertise. When Rheem had difficulty managing the yard, Kaiser Shipyards was retained to manage the operation.

Providence, Rhode Island

Providence, Rhode Island

Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. One of the oldest cities in New England, it was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of "God's merciful Providence" which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers. The city developed as a busy port as it is situated at the mouth of the Providence River in Providence County, at the head of Narragansett Bay.

Colony-class frigate

Colony-class frigate

The Colony-class frigates were a series of 21 frigates constructed in the United States by Walsh-Kaiser of Providence, Rhode Island for transfer under Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy in 1944. They were given the names of relatively minor colonies as names of large colonies had been used for the Crown Colony-class cruisers.

USS Stamford (PF-95)

USS Stamford (PF-95)

USS Stamford (PF-95) was a United States Navy Tacoma-class frigate authorized for construction during World War II but cancelled before construction could begin.

Service

By the time the first Tacoma-class ships were ready for front-line service in 1944, the US Navy's requirement for them had passed, thanks to a decline in the threat from Axis submarines, and the availability of ample numbers of destroyers and destroyer escorts, which the Navy regarded as much superior to the Tacoma class. The Navy crewed all of the Tacoma-class ships with United States Coast Guard personnel. The Consolidated Steel-built ships, thanks to their superior reliability and performance, all saw service in the Pacific war zone where one, Rockford, teamed with the minesweeper Ardent to sink the Japanese submarine I-12 in November 1944, but the US Navy generally relegated the patrol frigates to local training and escort responsibilities, and to duty as weather ships, for which the aft mounted 3-inch gun was removed in order to allow the installation of a weather balloon hangar.[3][4]

The United States built an additional 21 Tacoma-class ships for the United Kingdom for service in the Royal Navy, where they were known as the Colony class, and all but one of them initially received British names, rather than the names of small US cities, while still US Navy ships; they were returned to the United States between 1946 and 1948. Eighteen of these were quickly scrapped, but two were sold to Egypt, for use as civilian passenger ships, and one to Argentina, for service as a warship in the Argentine Navy.[6][7][8]

As a part of Project Hula, a secret 1945 program that transferred 149 US Navy ships to the Soviet Navy at Cold Bay, Alaska, in anticipation of the Soviet Union joining the war against Japan, the US Navy transferred 28 Tacoma-class ships to the Soviet Navy between July and September 1945. They were the largest, most heavily armed, and most expensive ships transferred during the program. At least some of them saw action in the Soviet offensive against Japanese forces in Northeast Asia, in August 1945. The transfer of two more, Annapolis and Bangor, was cancelled when transfers halted on 5 September 1945. One of the transferred ships, EK-3 (ex-Belfast), ran aground and was damaged beyond economical repair in a November 1948 storm off Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but the Soviet Union returned the other 27 frigates to the United States in October and November 1949.[9]

The US Navy quickly decommissioned 23 Tacoma-class ships after the end of World War II, after only very brief US Navy careers, and sold them for scrap in 1947 and 1948, although one, the former Charlotte, was saved from the scrapyard to become a Brazilian merchant ship. The 27 ships the Soviet Union returned in 1949 went into the US Navy's Pacific Reserve Fleet in Japan; 13 of them were recommissioned for US Navy service in the Korean War, but all 27 soon were transferred to the navies of other countries. The other 25 Tacoma-class ships never returned to service in the US Navy and also were transferred to foreign countries. In the post-World War II era, Tacoma-class patrol frigates operated in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, the Republic of Korea Navy, and the Argentine, Belgian, Colombian, Cuban, Dominican, Ecuadorian, French, Mexican, Royal Netherlands, Peruvian, and Royal Thai navies, and one ship operated as a civilian weather ship for the government of the Netherlands.[4] In foreign navies, many Tacoma-class ships survived into the 1960s and 1970s, and the last operator of Tacoma-class patrol frigates, Thailand, did not retire its two ships until 2000.

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Axis powers

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan. The Axis were united in their opposition to the Allies, but otherwise lacked comparable coordination and ideological cohesion.

Destroyer

Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or battle group and defend them against powerful short-range attackers. They were originally developed in 1885 by Fernando Villaamil for the Spanish Navy as a defense against torpedo boats, and by the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats". Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.

Pacific War

Pacific War

The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in eastern Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theater of the war, including the vast Pacific Ocean theater, the South West Pacific theater, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Soviet–Japanese War.

Japanese submarine I-12

Japanese submarine I-12

I-12 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type A2 long-range fleet submarine that served during World War II. Designed as a submarine aircraft carrier, she was commissioned in May 1944. Her crew committed a war crime when they attacked the survivors of a ship she sank in October 1944. She was sunk in November 1944 during her first war patrol.

Hangar

Hangar

A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *haimgard, from *haim and gard ("yard"). The term, gard, comes from the Old Norse garðr.

Colony-class frigate

Colony-class frigate

The Colony-class frigates were a series of 21 frigates constructed in the United States by Walsh-Kaiser of Providence, Rhode Island for transfer under Lend-Lease to the Royal Navy in 1944. They were given the names of relatively minor colonies as names of large colonies had been used for the Crown Colony-class cruisers.

Egypt

Egypt

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world.

Argentina

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica.

Argentine Navy

Argentine Navy

The Argentine Navy is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

Project Hula

Project Hula

Project Hula was a program during World War II in which the United States transferred naval vessels to the Soviet Union in anticipation of the Soviets eventually joining the war against Japan, specifically in preparation for planned Soviet invasions of southern Sakhalin and the Kuril islands. Based at Cold Bay in the Territory of Alaska, the project was active during the spring and summer of 1945. It was the largest and most ambitious transfer program of World War II.

Soviet Navy

Soviet Navy

The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy made up a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic planning in the event of a conflict with the opposing superpower, the United States, during the Cold War (1945–1991). The Soviet Navy played a large role during the Cold War, either confronting the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in western Europe or power projection to maintain its sphere of influence in eastern Europe.

Cold Bay, Alaska

Cold Bay, Alaska

Cold Bay is a city in Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 108, but at the 2020 census this had reduced to 50.

List of ships

The Tacoma-class ships, listed in order of US Navy hull number, and their dates of active service and fates follow.[2][7][8]

Service data
Ship name Hull no. Dates of U.S. Navy service Loan in war Later loan Final disposition
Tacoma PF-3 (1943–1945, 1950–1951) To Soviet Navy as EK-11 (1945–1949) To Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Taedong (PF-63) (1951–1973) Preserved in South Korea, 1973
Sausalito PF-4 (1944–1945, 1950–1952) To Soviet Navy as EK-16 (1945–1949) To Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Imchin (PF-66) (1952–1973) Scrapped, 1973
Hoquiam PF-5 (1944–1945, 1950–1951) Soviet Navy as EK-13 (1945–1949) Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Nae Tong (PF-65) (1951–1973) Scrapped, 1973
Pasco PF-6 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-12 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kashi (PF-283) (1953–1967) South Korea for parts, 1969
Albuquerque PF-7 (1943–1945, 1950–1953) Soviet Navy as EK-14 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Tochi (PF-296) (1951–1969) United States for disposal, 1971
Everett PF-8 (1944–1945, 1950–1953) Soviet Navy as EK-15 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kiri (PF-291) (1953–1975) United States for disposal, 1976
Pocatello PF-9 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Brownsville PF-10 (1944–1946) To US Coast Guard as USCGC Brownsville (1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Grand Forks PF-11 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Casper PF-12 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Pueblo PF-13 (1944–1946) Dominican Navy as Presidente Troncoso (F103) (later Gregorio Luperón) (1948–1979) Scrapped, 1982
Grand Island PF-14 (1944–1945) Cuban Navy as Maximo Gomez (F303) (1947-1970s?) Unknown
Annapolis PF-15 (1944–1946) Mexican Navy as ARM General Vicente Guerrero (later ARM Río Usumacinta) (1947–1964) Scrapped, 1964
Bangor PF-16 (1944–1946) US Coast Guard as USCGC Bangor (1946)
To Mexican Navy as ARM General José María Morelos (later ARM Golfo de Tehuantepec) 		Scrapped, 1964
Key West PF-17 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Alexandria PF-18 (1945–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Huron PF-19 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Gulfport PF-20 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Bayonne PF-21 (1945, 1950–1953) Soviet Navy as EK-25 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Buna (PF-294) (1953–1965) Sunk as target, 1968
Gloucester PF-22 (1943–1945, 1950–1952) Soviet Navy as EK-26 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Tsuge (PF-292) (1953–1968) United States for disposal, 1969
Shreveport PF-23 (1943–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Muskegon PF-24 (1944–1946) To US Coast Guard as USCGC Muskegon (1946)
French Navy as Mermoz (F714) (1947-late 1950s) 		Scrapped, late 1950s
Charlottesville PF-25 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-1 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Matsu (PF-286) (1953–1969) United States for disposal, 1972
Poughkeepsie PF-26 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-27 (1945–1949) Japanese Merchant Marine (1951), then Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Momi (PF-284) (1953–1969) South Korea for parts, 1969
Newport PF-27 (1944–1945, 1950–1952) Soviet Navy as EK-28 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kaede (PF-293) (1953–1972) United States for disposal, 1975
Emporia PF-28 (1944–1946) French Navy as Le Verrier (F716) (1947–1958) Scrapped, 1958
Groton PF-29 (1944–1946) Colombian Navy as ARC Almirante Padilla (F-11) (1947–1965) Stricken, 1965
Hingham PF-30 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Grand Rapids PF-31 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Woonsocket PF-32 (1944–1946) US Coast Guard as USCGC Woonsocket (1946)
Peruvian Navy as BAP Teniente Gálvez (F-1) (later BAP Gálvez) (1948–1961) 		Scrapped
Dearborn (ex-Toledo) PF-33 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Long Beach PF-34 (1943–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-2 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Shii (PF-297) (1953–1967) Scrapped, 1967
Belfast PF-35 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-3 (1945–1948) Wrecked, 1948
Glendale PF-36 (1944–1945, 1950–1951) Soviet Navy as EK-6 (1945–1949) Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Tachin (PF-1) (1951–2000) Preserved, 2001
San Pedro PF-37 (1943–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-5 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kaya (PF-288) (1953–1967) To United States for disposal, 1978; sunk as target
Coronado PF-38 (1943–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-8 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Sugi (PF-285) (1953–1969) To United States for disposal, 1971
Ogden PF-39 (1943–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-10 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kusu (PF-281) (1953–1976) To United States for disposal, 1977
Eugene PF-40 (1944–1946) Cuban Navy as José Martí (F301) (1947–1976) Scrapped, 1976
El Paso PF-41 (1943–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Van Buren PF-42 (1943–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Orange PF-43 (1944–1946) Sold, 1947; scrapped, 1948
Corpus Christi PF-44 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Hutchinson PF-45 (1944–1946) Mexican Navy as ARM California (1947–1964) Sold for scrapping, 1964
Bisbee PF-46 (1944–1945, 1950–1951) Soviet Navy as EK-17 (1945–1949) Colombian Navy as ARC Capitán Tono (F-12) (1952–1963) Scrapped, 1963
Gallup PF-47 (1944–1945, 1950–1951) Soviet Navy as EK-22 (1945–1949) Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Prasae (PF-2) (1951–2000) Preserved, 2000
Rockford PF-48 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-18 (1945–1949) Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Apnok (PF-62) (1950–1952) To United States for disposal, 1952; sunk as target, 1953
Muskogee PF-49 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-19 (1945–1949) Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Duman (PF-61) (1950) Unknown
Carson City PF-50 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-20 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Sakura (PF-290) (1953–1971) Sold for scrapping, 1971
Burlington PF-51 (1944–1945, 1951–1952) Soviet Navy as EK-21 (1945–1949) Colombian Navy as ARC Almirante Brión (F-14) (1953–1968) Scrapped, 1968
Allentown PF-52 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-9 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Ume (PF-289) (1953–1970) To United States for disposal, 1971
Machias PF-53 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-4 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Nara (PF-282) (1953–1966) Sold for scrapping, 1969
Sandusky PF-54 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-7 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Nire (PF-287) (1953–1970) To United States for disposal, 1970
Bath PF-55 (1944–1945) Soviet Navy as EK-29 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Maki (PF-298) (1953–1971) Sold for scrapping, 1971
Covington PF-56 (1944–1946) US Coast Guard as USCGC Covington (1946)
Ecuadorian Navy as BAE Guayas (E-21) (1947–1972) 		Stricken, 1974
Sheboygan PF-57 (1944–1946) Belgian Navy as Lieutenant ter zee Victor Billet (F910) (1947–1957) Scrapped, 1959
Abilene (ex-Bridgeport) PF-58 (1944–1946) the Netherlands civilian government as SS Cirrus (1947–1969) Sold for scrapping, 1969
Beaufort PF-59 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Charlotte PF-60 (1944–1946) Sold, 1947; became Brazilian coastal passenger ship; scrapped 1965
Manitowoc PF-61 (1944–1946) US Coast Guard as USCGC Manitowoc (1946)
French Navy as Le Brix (F715) (1947–1958) 		Scrapped, 1958
Gladwyne (ex-Worcester) PF-62 (1944–1946) Mexican Navy as ARM Papaloapan (1947–1965) Scrapped, 1965
Moberly (ex-Scranton) PF-63 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Knoxville PF-64 (1944–1946) Dominican Navy as Presidente Peynado (F104) (later Capitán General Pedro Santana) (1947–1979) Scrapped, 1979
Uniontown (ex-Chattanooga) PF-65 (1944–1945) Argentine Navy as ARA Sarandí (P-33) (1947–1968) Unknown
Reading PF-66 (1944–1946) Argentine Navy as ARA Heroína (P-32) (1947–1966) Scrapped, 1966
Peoria PF-67 (1945–1946) Cuban Navy as Cuban frigate Antonio Maceo (F302) (1947–1975) Sunk as target, 1975
Brunswick PF-68 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Davenport PF-69 (1945–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1946
Evansville PF-70 (1944–1945, 1950–1953) Soviet Navy as EK-30 (1945–1949) Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Keyaki (PF-295) (1953–1976) To United States for disposal, 1976; scrapped, 1977
New Bedford PF-71 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Hallowell (ex-Machias) PF-72 1943–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Anguilla (K500) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Hamond PF-73 1943–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Antigua (K501) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping
Hargood PF-74 1943–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Ascension (K502) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Hotham PF-75 1943–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Bahamas (K503)) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Halstead PF-76 1943–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Barbados (K504) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Hannam PF-77 1943–1945 Royal Navy as HMS Caicos (K505) To Argentine Navy as ARA Trinidad (P-34) / ARA Santísima Trinidad / ARA Comodoro Augusto Lasserre (Q-9) (1947–1969) Scrapped, 1971
Harland PF-78 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Cayman (K506) Returned to United States 1946; sold for scrapping 1947
Harman PF-79 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Dominica (K507) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Harvey PF-80 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Labuan (K584) (ex-Gold Coast) Returned to United States 1946; sold for scrapping 1957
Holmes PF-81 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Tobago (K585) (ex-Hong Kong) Returned to United States, 1946; Egyptian civilian passenger ship, 1950–1956; sunk as blockship, 1956
Hornby PF-82 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Montserrat (K586) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Hoste PF-83 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Nyasaland (K587) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Howett PF-84 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Papua (K588) Returned to United States, 1946; sold, 1947; Egyptian passenger vessel, 1950–1956
Pilford PF-85 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Pitcairn (K589) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Pasley (later St. Helena) PF-86 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS St. Helena (K590) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Patton PF-87 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Sarawak (K591) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Pearl PF-88 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Seychelles (K592) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Phillimore PF-89 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Perim (K593) (ex-Sierra Leone) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Popham PF-90 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Somaliland (K594) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Peyton PF-91 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Tortola (K595) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Prowse PF-92 1944–1946 Royal Navy as HMS Zanzibar (K596) Returned to United States, 1946; sold for scrapping, 1947
Lorain (ex-Roanoke) PF-93 (1945–1946) French Navy as La Place (F713) (1947–1950) Sunk by mine, 1950
Milledgeville (ex-Sitka) PF-94 (1945–1946) Sold, 1947; scrapped, 1948
Stamford PF-95 — — — Cancelled, 31 December 1943
Macon PF-96 Cancelled, 31 December 1943
Lorain, (ex-Vallejo) PF-97 Cancelled, 11 February 1944
Milledgeville PF-98 Cancelled, 31 December 1943
Orlando PF-99 (1944–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Racine PF-100 (1945–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1947
Greensboro PF-101 (1945–1946) Sold for scrapping, 1948
Forsyth PF-102 (1945–1946) To US Coast Guard as USCGC Forsyth (1946)
To the Netherlands civilian government as SS Cumulus (1947–1963) 		Scrapped, 1969

Discover more about List of ships related topics

Hull classification symbol

Hull classification symbol

The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use a hull classification symbol to identify their ships by type and by individual ship within a type. The system is analogous to the pennant number system that the Royal Navy and other European and Commonwealth navies use.

USS Tacoma (PF-3)

USS Tacoma (PF-3)

USS Tacoma (PG-111/PF-3), the lead ship of the Tacoma-class patrol frigates. The third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Tacoma, Washington, she was in commission from 1943 to 1945, and from 1949 to 1951. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-11 and in the Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Taedong (PF-63).

USS Sausalito (PF-4)

USS Sausalito (PF-4)

USS Sausalito (PF-4), was a Tacoma-class patrol frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1952, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Sausalito, California. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-16 and in the Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Imchin (PF-66).

USS Pasco (PF-6)

USS Pasco (PF-6)

USS Pasco (PG-114/PF-6), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945, has thus far been the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Pasco, Washington. She later served in the Soviet Navy as EK-12 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kashi (PF-3/PF-283) and as YAC-12.

USS Albuquerque (PF-7)

USS Albuquerque (PF-7)

USS Albuquerque (PG-115/PF-7), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate in commission from 1943 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1953, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Albuquerque, New Mexico. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-14 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Tochi (PF-16/PF-296) and as YAC-15.

USS Everett (PF-8)

USS Everett (PF-8)

USS Everett (PG-116/PF-8), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1953, thus far has been the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Everett, Washington. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-15 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as JDS Kiri (PF-11/PF-291/YAC-20).

USS Pocatello (PF-9)

USS Pocatello (PF-9)

USS Pocatello (PG-117/PF-9), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Pocatello, Idaho.

Gallery

Tacoma-class patrol frigates, US Navy

Colony-class frigates, Royal Navy

Discover more about Gallery related topics

USS Grand Forks (PF-11)

USS Grand Forks (PF-11)

USS Grand Forks (PG-119/PF-11), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Grand Forks, North Dakota.

USS Glendale (PF-36)

USS Glendale (PF-36)

USS Glendale (PF-36), a Tacoma-class patrol frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Glendale, California. In commission in the US Navy from 1943 to 1945, and from 1950 to 1951, she also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-6 from 1945 to 1949 and in the Royal Thai Navy as Tachin (PF-1) from 1951 to 2000.

USS Gallup (PF-47)

USS Gallup (PF-47)

The second USS Gallup (PF-47), a Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1951, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Gallup, New Mexico. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-22 and in the Royal Thai Navy as HTMS Prasae .

USS Hutchinson (PF-45)

USS Hutchinson (PF-45)

USS Hutchinson (PF-45), a Tacoma-class frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Hutchinson, Kansas.

USS Burlington (PF-51)

USS Burlington (PF-51)

USS Burlington (PF-51) was a Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1952, the only United States Navy ship thus far to have been named for Burlington, Iowa. She also served in the Soviet Navy as EK-21 and in the Colombian National Armada as ARC Almirante Brión .

USS Covington (PF-56)

USS Covington (PF-56)

USS Covington (PF-56), a Tacoma-class frigate, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Covington, Kentucky. Covington, with a United States Coast Guard crew, served as a weather ship off Newfoundland through early 1946. She was decommissioned in April 1946 and turned over to the U.S. Coast Guard and commissioned the same day as USCGC Covington (PF-56) and remained in service through September. She was returned to the U.S. Navy at that time and placed in reserve. In April 1947, she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register and, in August, sold to the Ecuadorian Navy. As BAE Guayas (E-21), she served as the flagship of the Ecuadorian Navy from her acquisition through 1967. She was decommissioned in 1972 and stricken in 1974.

USS Greensboro (PF-101)

USS Greensboro (PF-101)

USS Greensboro (PF-101) was a United States Navy Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1945 to 1946.

HMS Antigua (K501)

HMS Antigua (K501)

HMS Antigua (K501) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom in commission from 1943 to 1945 that served during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class patrol frigate USS Hamond (PF-73) and was transferred prior to completion.

HMS Caicos (K505)

HMS Caicos (K505)

HMS Caicos was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom that served during World War II. She was originally ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class patrol frigate USS Hannam and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion. It was named after the Caicos Islands.

HMS Dominica (K507)

HMS Dominica (K507)

The fourth HMS Dominica (K507) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom which served in the Royal Navy during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class patrol frigate USS Harman (PF-79) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

HMS Somaliland (K594)

HMS Somaliland (K594)

HMS Somaliland (K594) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom that served during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class patrol frigate USS Popham (PF-90) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

HMS Tortola (K595)

HMS Tortola (K595)

HMS Tortola (K595) was a Colony-class frigate of the United Kingdom that served during World War II. She originally was ordered by the United States Navy as the Tacoma-class patrol frigate USS Peyton (PF-91) and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

Source: "Tacoma-class frigate", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 14th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma-class_frigate.

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Further Reading

USS Gloucester (PF-22)

USS Tacoma (PF-3)

USS Sausalito (PF-4)

USS Sandusky (PF-54)

USS Bisbee

USS Hoquiam

USS Poughkeepsie (PF-26)

USS Albuquerque (PF-7)

USS Annapolis (PF-15)

USS Pasco (PF-6)

USS Everett (PF-8)

USS Charlottesville (PF-25)

USS Bangor

USS Rockford (PF-48)

USS Burlington (PF-51)

USS Machias (PF-53)
See also
References
  1. ^ "The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia: Tacoma Class, U.S. Frigates". www.pwencycl.kgbudge.com. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Gardiner, Robert, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 62, 148–149.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, p. 22.
  4. ^ a b c d e Gardiner, Robert, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, pp. 148–149.
  5. ^ Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 22–23.
  6. ^ Gardiner, Robert, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, ISBN 0-8317-0303-2, p. 62.
  7. ^ a b "Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships". Archived from the original on 30 January 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2006.
  8. ^ a b Navsource Patrol Frigate (PF) Index
  9. ^ Russell, Richard A., Project Hula: Secret Soviet-American Cooperation in the War Against Japan, Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997, ISBN 0-945274-35-1, pp. 12, 22–23, 35, 37–38, 39.
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