Get Our Extension

Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
CH-124 Sea King
USS San Diego conducts flight operations (cropped).jpg
A CH-124 Sea King of Royal Canadian Air Force in 2016
Role ASW / utility helicopter
National origin United States / Canada
Manufacturer Sikorsky Aircraft
Built by United Aircraft of Canada
Introduction 1963[1]
Retired 1 December 2018[2][3]
Primary users Canadian Armed Forces
Royal Canadian Navy
Royal Canadian Air Force
Number built 41
Developed from SH-3 Sea King
Two CH-124 Sea Kings approach HMCS Bonaventure in Feb 1968
Two CH-124 Sea Kings approach HMCS Bonaventure in Feb 1968
HMCS Bonaventure's downed CH-124 Sea King in Feb 1968
HMCS Bonaventure's downed CH-124 Sea King in Feb 1968

The Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King (formerly CHSS-2) is a twin-engined anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter designed for shipboard use by Canadian naval forces, based on the US Navy's SH-3 Sea King. Most CH-124s were assembled in Quebec by United Aircraft of Canada. The CH-124 served with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and Canadian Armed Forces from 1963 to 2018.

Discover more about Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King related topics

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades.

Helicopter

Helicopter

A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of short take-off and landing (STOL) or short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft cannot perform without a runway.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

Canadian Armed Forces

Canadian Armed Forces

The Canadian Armed Forces are the unified military forces of Canada, including sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force.

Design and development

The advent of nuclear-powered submarines in the late 1950s let to the RCN assessing this new threat. While noisier than older submarines and thus detectable at longer ranges, nuclear submarines could also reach 30 knots (56 km/h) while submerged, faster than the RCN's new St. Laurent-class destroyer escort's top speed of 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h). There were doubts that destroyers could effectively pursue and destroy such fast vessels, even when operating in pairs. During a 25 February 1959 Naval Board meeting, it was decided to counter the threat by operating helicopters from destroyers.[4] The RCN examined the feasibility of operating ASW helicopters from small escorts, adding a temporary helicopter landing platform to the Prestonian-class frigate HMCS Buckingham in mid-1956; successful trials were held in October 1956 using a Sikorsky HO4S-3.[5][6] A larger temporary platform was fitted on the destroyer escort HMCS Ottawa; operational trials used an RCAF Sikorsky S-58, a much larger and heavier aircraft than the HO4S; these successful tests met with approval.[6][7]

The RCN's then current HO4S-3 utility helicopter could not operate safely in inclement weather with a heavy weapons and sensor load, which would be imperative for the ASW role; hence, a more capable aircraft was needed. Initial 1959 studies identified two helicopters that seemed suitable—the Sikorsky S-61 (HSS-2) and the Kaman K-20 (HU2K)—but neither aircraft had flown at the time, so no choice was made. After further studies concluded that the smaller Kaman would better satisfy RCN requirements, the Treasury Board approved an initial procurement of 12 HU2K helicopters for $14.5 million in December 1960.[4]

Despite this apparent setback for Sikorsky, several factors derailed Kaman's proposal. When the Naval Board held a follow-up meeting on 27 January 1961, it was revealed that the initial 12 units' asking price had nearly doubled to $23 million, only six weeks after approval from the Treasury Board. The Naval Board still endorsed the HU2K, but there were some misgivings over the sharp price increase and reports that Kaman's performance projections may be overly optimistic. The Naval Board decided to await upcoming USN sea trials of the HU2K ahead of a final decision.[8] These trials confirmed the calculations of RCN staff members; the HU2K was substantially heavier than promised, hampering performance and rendering it incapable of meeting RCN requirements, even using a proposed upgraded engine. The Sea King was ultimately chosen for production on 20 December 1961.[9]

The first of 41 helicopters would be delivered in 1963 carrying the designation CHSS-2 Sea King. Airframe components were made by Sikorsky in Connecticut but most CHSS-2s were assembled in Longueuil, Quebec, by United Aircraft of Canada (now Pratt & Whitney Canada), a subsidiary of Sikorsky's parent company, United Aircraft. On 27 November 1963, the new landing platform aboard HMCS Assiniboine was used for the first operational destroyer landing of a production CHSS-2.[10] Upon the unification of Canada's military in 1968, the CHSS-2 was re-designated CH-124.[11]

In the 1960s,[12] the RCN developed a technique for landing large helicopters on small ship decks, using a 'hauldown' winch (called a "Beartrap"),[13] earning aircrews the nickname of "Crazy Canucks".[14] The Beartrap allows recovery of the Sea King in virtually any sea state.[15] In 1968, the RCN, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) and Canadian Army unified to form the Canadian Forces; air units were dispersed throughout the new force structure until Air Command (AIRCOM) was created in 1975. In August 2011, the Canadian Forces reverted to the former structure of the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force.

Discover more about Design and development related topics

Destroyer escort

Destroyer escort

Destroyer escort (DE) was the United States Navy mid-20th-century classification for a 20-knot warship designed with the endurance necessary to escort mid-ocean convoys of merchant marine ships.

Prestonian-class frigate

Prestonian-class frigate

The Prestonian-class ocean anti-submarine escort frigate was a class of 21 frigates that served with the Royal Canadian Navy from 1953–1967 and with the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1956–1977.

Frigate

Frigate

A frigate is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat.

Royal Canadian Air Force

Royal Canadian Air Force

The Royal Canadian Air Force is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2020, the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 12,074 Regular Force and 1,969 Primary Reserve personnel, supported by 1,518 civilians, and operates 258 manned aircraft and nine unmanned aerial vehicles. Lieutenant-General Eric Kenny is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and chief of the Air Force Staff.

Sikorsky H-34

Sikorsky H-34

The Sikorsky H-34 "Choctaw" is an American piston-engined military helicopter originally designed by Sikorsky as an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft for the United States Navy. It has seen extended use when adapted to turbine power by the British licensee as the Westland Wessex and Sikorsky as the later S-58T.

Kaman SH-2 Seasprite

Kaman SH-2 Seasprite

The Kaman SH-2 Seasprite is a ship-based helicopter originally developed and produced by American manufacturer Kaman Aircraft Corporation. It has been typically used as a compact and fast-moving rotorcraft for utility and anti-submarine warfare missions.

Sikorsky Aircraft

Sikorsky Aircraft

Sikorsky Aircraft is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Stratford, Connecticut. It was established by aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky in 1923 and was among the first companies to manufacture helicopters for civilian and military use.

Pratt & Whitney Canada

Pratt & Whitney Canada

Pratt & Whitney Canada is a Canada-based aircraft engine manufacturer. PWC's headquarters are in Longueuil, Quebec, just outside Montreal. It is a division of the larger US-based Pratt & Whitney (P&W), itself a business unit of Raytheon Technologies Corporation. United Technologies has given PWC a world mandate for small and medium aircraft engines while P&W's US operations develop and manufacture larger engines.

HMCS Assiniboine (DDH 234)

HMCS Assiniboine (DDH 234)

HMCS Assiniboine was a St. Laurent-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and later the Canadian Forces from 1956 to 1988. She was the second ship to bear the name. Entering service in 1956, the ship underwent conversion to a destroyer helicopter escort (DDH) in 1962, the conversion performed primarily by Victoria Machinery Depot. She was officially reclassed with pennant DDH 234 on 28 June 1963. After being paid off in 1988, the vessel was used as a harbour training ship until being discarded in 1995. The vessel sank under tow to the breakers that year.

Beartrap (hauldown device)

Beartrap (hauldown device)

A helicopter hauldown and rapid securing device (HHRSD) or beartrap enables helicopters to land on and depart from smaller ships in a wide range of weather conditions. Similar devices are referred to as RAST and TRIGON.

Sea state

Sea state

In oceanography, sea state is the general condition of the free surface on a large body of water—with respect to wind waves and swell—at a certain location and moment. A sea state is characterized by statistics, including the wave height, period, and spectrum. The sea state varies with time, as the wind and swell conditions change. The sea state can be assessed either by an experienced observer or by using instruments like weather buoys, wave radar or remote sensing satellites.

Canadian Army

Canadian Army

The Canadian Army is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also responsible for the Army Reserve, the largest component of the Primary Reserve. The Army is headed by the concurrently held Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff, who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff. The Army is also supported by 3,000 civilian employees from the civil service.

Operational service

Sikorsky CH-124A Sea King
Sikorsky CH-124A Sea King

The Sea Kings were assigned to the former Iroquois-class destroyers (2 per ship with total of 6), Halifax-class frigates (1 per ship with total of 12), and the former Protecteur-class replenishment ships (3 per ship with total 6) as a means of extending the surveillance capabilities beyond the horizon. When deployed, each Sea King is accompanied by several crews. Each crew consists of two pilots, a Tactical Coordinator (TACCO), and an Airborne Electronic Sensor Operator (AESOp).[16]

In order to find submarines, the Sea King's sonar uses a transducer ball at the end of a 450-foot cable. It can also be fitted with FLIR to find surface vessels at night.

The CH-124 has undergone numerous refits and upgrades, especially with regard to the electronics, main gearboxes and engines, surface-search radar, secure cargo and passenger carrying capabilities.

In 2013 the CH-124 fleet averaged 9–14,000 flying hours, while Sea Kings of other fleets go as high as 40,000 hours. Although the CH-124 had frequent technical issues, none are serious, and they could maintain an 87 percent serviceability rate.[12]

On 1 December 2018, the CH-124 was officially retired in a ceremony at Vancouver Island, British Columbia, concluding 55 years of service. Of the surviving 28 Canadian Sea Kings, nine are destined for museums or to be displayed as monuments, 15 are to be sold, three scrapped, and one retained as a training aid.[17]

Replacement

From 1983 onward attempts were made to replace the aging Sea King helicopters. Due to a series of financial and political issues, the process was hampered by repeated delays. In the end the CH-148 Cyclone, a new variant of the Sikorsky H-92 Superhawk was selected.

Discover more about Operational service related topics

Iroquois-class destroyer

Iroquois-class destroyer

Iroquois-class destroyers, also known as Tribal class or DDG 280 class, were a class of four helicopter-carrying, guided missile destroyers of the Royal Canadian Navy. The ships were named to honour the First Nations of Canada.

Halifax-class frigate

Halifax-class frigate

The Halifax-class frigate, also referred to as the City class, is a class of multi-role patrol frigates that have served the Royal Canadian Navy since 1992. The class is the outcome of the Canadian Patrol Frigate Project, which dates to the mid-1970s. HMCS Halifax was the first of an eventual twelve Canadian-designed and Canadian-built vessels which combine traditional anti-submarine capabilities with systems to deal with surface and air threats as well. All ships of the class are named after a major city in each province plus the cities of Ottawa and Montreal.

Protecteur-class replenishment oiler

Protecteur-class replenishment oiler

The Protecteur-class auxiliary oiler replenishment (AOR) ships were used by the Royal Canadian Navy to resupply ships at sea with food, munitions, fuel and spare parts. They had more sophisticated medical and dental facilities than smaller warships. At 172 metres (564 ft) the ships were some of the largest operated by the RCN. Entering service in 1969, the last vessel of the class was paid off in 2016.

Canadian Sea King replacement

Canadian Sea King replacement

From 1983 onwards, a replacement was sought for the aging Canadian Armed Forces Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King helicopters. Due to fiscal and political issues, the process was repeatedly delayed. In 1987, 35 EH101s were on order, but these were cancelled for budget reasons in 1993. The CH-148 Cyclone, a variant of the Sikorsky H-92 Superhawk, was selected in 2004, with deliveries delayed until 2015. The last CH-124s were retired in 2018.

Sikorsky S-92

Sikorsky S-92

The Sikorsky S-92 is an American twin-engine medium-lift helicopter built by Sikorsky Aircraft for the civil and military helicopter markets. The S-92 was developed from the Sikorsky S-70 helicopter and has similar parts such as flight control and rotor systems.

Variants

Sikorsky CH-124A Sea King with blades folded for storage.
Sikorsky CH-124A Sea King with blades folded for storage.
CH-124A Sea King aboard the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk
CH-124A Sea King aboard the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk
CH-124
Anti-submarine warfare helicopter for the Royal Canadian Navy (41 assembled by United Aircraft of Canada).[11]
CH-124A
The Sea King Improvement Program (SKIP) added modernized avionics as well as improved safety features.[11]
CH-124B
Alternate version of the CH-124A without a dipping sonar but formerly with a MAD sensor and additional storage for deployable stores. In 2006, the five aircraft of this variant were converted to support the Standing Contingency Task Force (SCTF), and were modified with additional troop seats, and frequency agile radios. Plans to add fast-rope capability, EAPSNIPS (Engine Air Particle Separator / Snow & Ice Particle Separator) did not come to fruition.[11]
CH-124B2
Six CH-124Bs were upgraded to the CH-124B2 standard in 1991–1992. The revised CH-124B2 retained the sonobuoy processing gear to passively detect submarines but, the aircraft was now also fitted with a towed-array sonar to supplement the ship's sonar. Since anti-submarine warfare is no longer a major priority within the Canadian Forces, the CH-124B2 were refitted again to become improvised troop carriers for the newly formed Standing Contingency Task Force.[11]
CH-124C
One CH-124 operated by the Helicopter Operational Test and Evaluation Facility located at CFB Shearwater. Used for testing new gear, and when not testing new gear, it is deployable to any Canadian Forces ship requiring a helicopter.[11]
CH-124U
Unofficial designation for four CH-124s that were modified for passenger/freight transport. One crashed in 1973, and the survivors were later refitted to become CH-124As.[11]

Discover more about Variants related topics

USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63)

USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63)

USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), formerly CVA-63, was a United States Navy supercarrier. She was the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the site of the Wright brothers' first powered airplane flight. Kitty Hawk was the first of the three Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carriers to be commissioned and the last to be decommissioned.

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

CFB Shearwater

CFB Shearwater

Canadian Forces Base Shearwater, commonly referred to as CFB Shearwater and formerly named HMCS Shearwater, is a Canadian Forces facility located 4.5 nautical miles east southeast of Shearwater, Nova Scotia, on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour in the Halifax Regional Municipality. Following a base rationalization program in the mid-1990s, the Canadian Forces closed CFB Shearwater as a separate Canadian Forces base and realigned the property's various facilities into CFB Halifax. These include:Shearwater Heliport, which is operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. The primary RCAF lodger unit is 12 Wing, commonly referred to as 12 Wing Shearwater. 12 Wing provides maritime helicopter operations in support of the Royal Canadian Navy's Atlantic Fleet (MARLANT) from the Shearwater Heliport and Pacific Fleet (MARPAC) from the Patricia Bay Heliport in British Columbia. 12 Wing is also headquartered at Shearwater Heliport. Shearwater Jetty, the former CFB Shearwater Annex, which provides dock facilities in support of Fleet Diving Unit Atlantic and MARLANT warships.

Former operators

NOTE: Last aircraft was retired in December 2018[18][19]

 Canada

Discover more about Former operators related topics

Canada

Canada

Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with most residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

Royal Canadian Air Force

Royal Canadian Air Force

The Royal Canadian Air Force is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2020, the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 12,074 Regular Force and 1,969 Primary Reserve personnel, supported by 1,518 civilians, and operates 258 manned aircraft and nine unmanned aerial vehicles. Lieutenant-General Eric Kenny is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and chief of the Air Force Staff.

443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron

443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron

443 Maritime Helicopter Squadron is a Canadian Armed Forces helicopter squadron under the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. It was originally a Second World War RCAF squadron that operated as part of RAF Fighter Command in Europe with the Supermarine Spitfire.

406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron

406 Maritime Operational Training Squadron

406 "City of Saskatoon" Maritime Operational Training Squadron is a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) unit of the Canadian Armed Forces. Based at 12 Wing Shearwater since 1972, it is responsible for crew training on the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone since summer of 2016. The squadron was formed during World War II as part of RAF Fighter Command.

423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron

423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron

423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron is a unit of the Canadian Forces under Royal Canadian Air Force. It currently operates the Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone from CFB Shearwater in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Specifications (CH-124 Sea King)

Orthographically projected diagram of the SH-3 Sea King.

Data from

General characteristics

  • Crew: 4 (2 pilots, 1 navigator, 1 airborne electronic sensor operator)
  • Capacity: 3 passengers
  • Length: 54 ft 9 in (16.69 m)
  • Height: 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m)
  • Empty weight: 11,865 lb (5,382 kg)
  • Gross weight: 18,626 lb (8,449 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 22,050 lb (10,002 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric T58-GE-8F / T58-GE-100 turboshaft engines, 1,500 shp (1,100 kW) each
  • Main rotor diameter: 62 ft (19 m)
  • Main rotor area: 3,019.5 sq ft (280.52 m2)
  • Blade section: - NACA 0012[23]

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 144 kn (166 mph, 267 km/h)
  • Range: 539 nmi (620 mi, 998 km)
  • Service ceiling: 14,700 ft (4,500 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,310–2,220 ft/min (6.7–11.3 m/s)

Armament

Discover more about Specifications (CH-124 Sea King) related topics

Turboshaft

Turboshaft

A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaftpower rather than jet thrust. In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power. They are even more similar to turboprops, with only minor differences, and a single engine is often sold in both forms.

NACA airfoil

NACA airfoil

The NACA airfoils are airfoil shapes for aircraft wings developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The shape of the NACA airfoils is described using a series of digits following the word "NACA". The parameters in the numerical code can be entered into equations to precisely generate the cross-section of the airfoil and calculate its properties.

Mark 46 torpedo

Mark 46 torpedo

The Mark 46 torpedo is the backbone of the United States Navy's lightweight anti-submarine warfare torpedo inventory and is the NATO standard. These aerial torpedoes are designed to attack high-performance submarines. In 1989, an improvement program for the Mod 5 to the Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S) increased its shallow-water performance. The Mark 46 was initially developed as Research Torpedo Concept I, one of several weapons recommended for implementation by Project Nobska, a 1956 summer study on submarine warfare.

Torpedo

Torpedo

A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, such a device was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive, or fish torpedo; colloquially a fish. The term torpedo originally applied to a variety of devices, most of which would today be called mines. From about 1900, torpedo has been used strictly to designate a self-propelled underwater explosive device.

Sonobuoy

Sonobuoy

A sonobuoy is a relatively small buoy – typically 13 cm (5 in) diameter and 91 cm (3 ft) long – expendable sonar system that is dropped/ejected from aircraft or ships conducting anti-submarine warfare or underwater acoustic research.

Replicas

The Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia is commissioning a full-sized model of the CH-124 to be submerged with the destroyer HMCS Annapolis.[24]

Source: "Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 26th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-124_Sea_King.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes

  1. ^ Requiem for the Sea King. Retrieved on November 17, 2008.
  2. ^ "Going out with Style" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  3. ^ Jennings, Gareth (18 December 2018). "Canada retires Sea King after 55 years". IHS Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b Soward 1995, pp.169–171.
  5. ^ Soward 1995, pp.63–65.
  6. ^ a b Crowsnest Magazine – Vol 17, Nos 3 and 4 March–April 1965 Archived 2014-07-27 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Soward 1995, pp.92–93.
  8. ^ Soward 1995, pp.244–246.
  9. ^ Soward 1995, pp.261–262.
  10. ^ Soward 1995, pg. 326.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "CH-124 Sea King Variants". Canadian American Strategic Review. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2007.
  12. ^ a b Gordon, Lisa, The King at Sea" Vertical Magazine, 9 December 2013. Accessed: 11 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Haze Gray & Underway – The Canadian Navy of Yesterday & Today – Sea King".
  14. ^ "CBC News In Depth: Canada's Military". 1 February 2006.
  15. ^ "ST. LAURENT Class History". 27 October 2009. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Canada's Air Force – Aircraft – CH-124 Sea King – Technical Specifications". Archived from the original on 17 January 2008.
  17. ^ "Canada Retires Sea King After More Than 50 Years of Service". Defense Media Network. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  18. ^ a b c Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King
  19. ^ a b Government of Canada, National Defence (1 December 2018). "News Article - Final farewell to the Sea King". www.rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  20. ^ "No. 443 Squadron". canadianwings.com. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  21. ^ "No. 406 Squadron". canadianwings.com. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  22. ^ "423 Maritime Helicopter Squadron". rcaf-arc.forces.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  23. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  24. ^ "Model of navy helicopter to be added to artificial reef in B.C." 15 September 2021.

Bibliography

  • Soward, Stuart E. (1995). Hands to Flying Stations, a Recollective History of Canadian Naval Aviation, Volume II. Victoria, British Columbia: Neptune Developments. ISBN 0-9697229-1-5.
External links

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.