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Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside

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Marshal of the Royal Air Force William Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside, GCB, MC, DFC (23 December 1893 – 29 October 1969) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. After serving as a pilot, then a flight commander and finally as a squadron commander during the First World War, he served as a flying instructor during the inter-war years before becoming Director of Staff Duties and then Assistant Chief of the Air Staff at the Air Ministry.

During the Second World War Douglas clashed with other senior commanders over strategy in the Battle of Britain. Douglas argued for a more aggressive engagement with a 'Big Wing' strategy i.e. using massed fighters to defend the United Kingdom against enemy bombers. He then became Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Fighter Command in which role he was responsible for rebuilding the command's strength after the attrition of the Battle of Britain, but also for bringing it on the offensive to wrest the initiative in the air from the German Luftwaffe.

Douglas went on to be Air Officer Commanding in Chief of RAF Middle East Command in which role he was an advocate of Operation Accolade, a planned British amphibious assault on Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea, and was disappointed when it was abandoned. He became commander of the British Zone of Occupation in Germany after the war.

From 1949 to 1964 he served as chairman of British European Airways.

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Marshal of the Royal Air Force

Marshal of the Royal Air Force

Marshal of the Royal Air Force (MRAF) is the highest rank in the Royal Air Force (RAF). In peacetime it was granted to RAF officers in the appointment of Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), and to retired Chiefs of the Air Staff (CAS), who were promoted to it on their last day of service. While surviving Marshals of the RAF retain the rank for life, the highest rank to which officers on active service are promoted is now air chief marshal. Although general promotions to Marshal of the Royal Air Force have been discontinued since the British defence cuts of the 1990s, further promotions to the rank may still be made in wartime, for members of the Royal Family and certain very senior RAF air officers in peacetime at the discretion of the monarch; all such promotions in peacetime are only honorary, however. In 2012, the then Prince of Wales was promoted to the rank in recognition of his support for his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, in her capacity as head of the armed forces (commander-in-chief), while in 2014 Lord Stirrup, who had served as Chief of the Air Staff and Chief of the Defence Staff for over seven years, was also promoted.

Military Cross

Military Cross

The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and formerly awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)

Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)

The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 to other ranks, of the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and other services, and formerly to officers of other Commonwealth countries, for "an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy".

Assistant Chief of the Air Staff

Assistant Chief of the Air Staff

The Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (ACAS) is a senior appointment in the Royal Air Force. The current ACAS is Air Vice-Marshal Simon Edwards.

Air Ministry

Air Ministry

The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964. It was under the political authority of the Secretary of State for Air.

Battle of Britain

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not follow this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to May 1941, including the Blitz.

Big Wing

Big Wing

The Big Wing, also known as a Balbo, was an air fighting tactic proposed during the Battle of Britain by 12 Group commander Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and Acting Squadron Leader Douglas Bader. In essence, the tactic involved meeting incoming Luftwaffe bombing raids in strength with a wing-shaped formation of three to five squadrons. In the Battle, this tactic was employed by the Duxford Wing, under Bader's command.

Luftwaffe

Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the Luftstreitkräfte of the Imperial Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force.

Operation Accolade

Operation Accolade

During World War II, Operation Accolade was a planned British amphibious assault on Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea. Advocated by the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, as a follow-up to the capture of Sicily in 1943 from Operation Husky, it was cancelled on 25 December 1943 to focus on the assault on Anzio. The allies did not, then, gain all of the Dodecanese. Most notably, the Germans still had possession of Rhodes. The operation in the Dodecanese, though, kept many German troops occupied in the area.

Aegean Sea

Aegean Sea

The Aegean Sea is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some 215,000 square kilometres. In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea, which in turn connects to the Black Sea, by the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, respectively. The Aegean Islands are located within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The sea reaches a maximum depth of 2,639m to the west of Karpathos. The Thracian Sea and the Sea of Crete are main subdivisions of the Aegean Sea.

Germany

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.

British European Airways

British European Airways

British European Airways (BEA), formally British European Airways Corporation, was a British airline which existed from 1946 until 1974.

Early life

Born the son of Professor Robert Langton Douglas and his wife Margaret Jane Douglas (née Cannon), Douglas was educated at Emanuel School, Tonbridge School and Lincoln College, Oxford.[11]

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Robert Langton Douglas

Robert Langton Douglas

Robert Langton Douglas (1864–1951) was a British art critic, lecturer, and author, and director of the National Gallery of Ireland.

Emanuel School

Emanuel School

Emanuel School is a private, co-educational day school in Battersea, south-west London. The school was founded in 1594 by Anne Sackville, Lady Dacre and Queen Elizabeth I and occupies a 12-acre site close to Clapham Junction railway station.

Tonbridge School

Tonbridge School

Tonbridge School is a public school in Tonbridge, Kent, England, founded in 1553 by Sir Andrew Judde. It is a member of the Eton Group and has close links with the Worshipful Company of Skinners, one of the oldest London livery companies.

Lincoln College, Oxford

Lincoln College, Oxford

Lincoln College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford, situated on Turl Street in central Oxford. Lincoln was founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming, the then Bishop of Lincoln.

Early military career

Douglas was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery on 15 August 1914.[12] In January 1915, following a disagreement with his commanding officer, he transferred to the Royal Flying Corps joining No. 2 Squadron as an observer.[13] He soon trained as a pilot and earned Royal Aero Club certificate No 1301.[14] Promoted to lieutenant on 9 June 1915, he became a pilot with No. 14 Squadron at Shoreham in July 1915 and then transferred to No. 8 Squadron, flying B.E.2c aircraft on the Western Front, in August 1915.[15] Appointed a flight commander with the rank of temporary captain in December 1915, he joined No. 18 Squadron at Montrose in January 1916.[16] He was awarded the Military Cross on 14 January 1916.[17]

Douglas went on to be officer commanding No. 43 Squadron, flying Sopwith 1½ Strutters on the Western Front, in April 1916 and, having been promoted to temporary major on 1 July 1916, he became then officer commanding No. 84 Squadron, flying S.E.5s on the Western Front, in August 1917.[18] He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 8 February 1919.[19]

After the war Douglas worked briefly for Handley Page and as a commercial pilot before rejoining the Royal Air Force in 1920 after a chance meeting with Hugh Trenchard.[11] After being granted a permanent commission as a squadron leader on 25 March 1920,[20] Douglas attended the RAF Staff College and then served as a flight instructor four years.[15] Promoted to wing commander on 1 January 1925,[21] he continued his work as an instructor before attending the Imperial Defence College in 1927.[15] He became station commander at RAF North Weald in January 1928 and then joined the Air Staff at Headquarters Middle East Command in Khartoum in August 1929.[15] Promoted to group captain on 1 January 1932,[22] he became an instructor at the Imperial Defence College in June 1932 and then, having been promoted to air commodore on 1 January 1935,[23] he became Director of Staff Duties at the Air Ministry on 1 January 1936.[24] Promoted to air vice marshal on 1 January 1938,[25] he went on to be Assistant Chief of the Air Staff on 17 February 1938.[26]

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No. 2 Squadron RAF

No. 2 Squadron RAF

Number 2 Squadron, also known as No. II Squadron, is the most senior squadron of the Royal Air Force. It is currently equipped with the Eurofighter Typhoon FGR4 at RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, since reforming there on 12 January 2015.

Royal Aero Club

Royal Aero Club

The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for air sport in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1901 as the Aero Club of Great Britain, being granted the title of the "Royal Aero Club" in 1910.

Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)

Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)

Lieutenant is a junior officer rank in the British Army and Royal Marines. It ranks above second lieutenant and below captain and has a NATO ranking code of OF-1 and it is the senior subaltern rank. Unlike some armed forces which use first lieutenant, the British rank is simply lieutenant, with no ordinal attached. The rank is equivalent to that of a flying officer in the Royal Air Force (RAF). Although formerly considered senior to a Royal Navy (RN) sub-lieutenant, the British Army and Royal Navy ranks of lieutenant and sub-lieutenant are now considered to be of equivalent status. The Army rank of lieutenant has always been junior to the Navy's rank of lieutenant.

No. 14 Squadron RAF

No. 14 Squadron RAF

No. 14 Squadron of the Royal Air Force currently operates the Beechcraft Shadow R1 in the Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTAR) role from RAF Waddington.

No. 8 Squadron RAF

No. 8 Squadron RAF

Number 8 Squadron of the Royal Air Force last operated the Boeing E-3D Sentry AEW1 (AWACS) from RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire. As of 2020, the RAF AWACS fleet was made up of three Sentry AEW1s, down from seven originally ordered in the late 1980s. Pursuant to the 2021 defence review, the E-3D Sentry aircraft made its final flight in U.K. service in August 2021.

Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)

Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)

Captain (Capt) is a junior officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines and in both services it ranks above lieutenant and below major with a NATO ranking code of OF-2. The rank is equivalent to a lieutenant in the Royal Navy and to a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. The rank of captain in the Royal Navy is considerably more senior and the two ranks should not be confused.

No. 18 Squadron RAF

No. 18 Squadron RAF

No. 18 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operates the Boeing Chinook from RAF Odiham. Owing to its heritage as a bomber squadron, it is also known as No. 18 (B) Squadron.

RAF Montrose

RAF Montrose

Royal Air Force Montrose or more simply RAF Montrose is a former Royal Air Force station in Forfarshire in Scotland. It became the first operational military aerodrome to be established in the United Kingdom on 26 February 1913.

Military Cross

Military Cross

The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and formerly awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.

No. 43 Squadron RAF

No. 43 Squadron RAF

Number 43 Squadron, nicknamed the Fighting Cocks, was a Royal Air Force aircraft squadron originally formed in April 1916 as part of the Royal Flying Corps. It saw distinguished service during two world wars, producing numerous "aces". The squadron last operated the Panavia Tornado F3 from RAF Leuchars, Scotland, in the air defence role, until it was disbanded in July 2009.

Major

Major

Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many armed forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators, major is one rank above captain in armies and air forces, and one rank below lieutenant colonel. It is considered the most junior of the field officer ranks.

No. 84 Squadron RAF

No. 84 Squadron RAF

No. 84 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is at present a Search and Rescue Squadron based at RAF Akrotiri, using the Bell Griffin HAR.2 helicopter. It is currently one of the two operational parts of the RAF Search and Rescue Force left in service after the stand-down of the UK effort on 5 October 2015.

Second World War

Air Marshal Sir William Sholto Douglas, Commander-in-Chief Fighter Command (left) during a visit to No 61 OTU at Heston, November 1941.
Air Marshal Sir William Sholto Douglas, Commander-in-Chief Fighter Command (left) during a visit to No 61 OTU at Heston, November 1941.

On 22 April 1940, with the Second World War well under way, he was made Deputy Chief of the Air Staff.[27] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 11 July 1940.[28] During 1940, Douglas and Trafford Leigh-Mallory clashed with the head of No. 11 Group, Keith Park, and the head of Fighter Command, Hugh Dowding, over strategy in the Battle of Britain. Douglas argued for a more aggressive engagement with a 'Big Wing' strategy i.e. using massed fighters to defend the United Kingdom against enemy bombers.[11] When Charles Portal was made Chief of the Air Staff in October 1940 he supported Douglas, moving Park and Dowding and appointing Douglas to replace Dowding as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Fighter Command, with the temporary rank of air marshal on 25 November 1940.[29] He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 1 July 1941[30] and promoted to the substantive rank of air marshal on 14 April 1942.[31]

At around this time Prime Minister Winston Churchill recommended Douglas to command the China Burma India Theater but General George C. Marshall, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, refused to accept the appointment due to Douglas's well known dislike of Americans.[32]

As commander-in-chief of Fighter Command, Douglas was responsible for rebuilding the command's strength after the attrition of the Battle of Britain, but also for bringing it on the offensive to wrest the initiative in the air from the German Luftwaffe. He was therefore one of the main orchestrators of the only partially successful Circus offensive whereby large wings of fighters accompanied by bombers would take advantage of good weather to sweep over Northern France.[33]

Douglas was promoted to temporary air chief marshal on 1 July 1942.[15] On 28 November 1942 Douglas was replaced at Fighter Command by Trafford Leigh-Mallory and was transferred to Egypt, becoming Air Officer Commanding in Chief of RAF Middle East Command in January 1943.[34] In that capacity Douglas was an advocate of Operation Accolade, a planned British amphibious assault on Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea, and was disappointed when it was abandoned.[11]

Air Chief Marshal Sir William Sholto Douglas, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Middle East Command (left) with Air Officer Commanding Malta, Air Marshal Sir Keith Park in the garden at HQ, Malta
Air Chief Marshal Sir William Sholto Douglas, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, RAF Middle East Command (left) with Air Officer Commanding Malta, Air Marshal Sir Keith Park in the garden at HQ, Malta

Douglas returned to England in January 1944 to head Coastal Command during the invasion of Normandy and then, having been confirmed in the rank of air chief marshal on 6 June 1945,[35] he became Commander in Chief, British Air Forces of Occupation in July 1945.[36] He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 1 January 1946.[37]

Promoted to Marshal of the Royal Air Force on 1 January 1946,[38] Douglas became the second commander of the British Zone of Occupation in Germany in May 1946.[15] He was raised to the peerage as Baron Douglas of Kirtleside, of Dornock in the County of Dumfries on 17 February 1948, sitting as a member of the Labour Party.[39][40] Douglas retired in 1947 and became chairman of BEA in 1949, a post he retained until 1964. He published two volumes of autobiography, Years of Combat, covering the First World War, and Years of Command covering the Second World War.[11]

Douglas died in hospital in Northampton on 29 October 1969 and was buried at St Clement Danes in The Strand in London.[11] He was an atheist.[41][42]

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Heston Aerodrome

Heston Aerodrome

Heston Aerodrome was an airfield located to the west of London, England, operational between 1929 and 1947. It was situated on the border of the Heston and Cranford areas of Hounslow, Middlesex. In September 1938, the British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, flew from Heston to Germany three times in two weeks for talks with Adolf Hitler, and returned to Heston from the Munich Conference with the paper referred to in his later "Peace for our time" speech from 10 Downing Street.

Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)

Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)

The Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (DCAS) was a senior appointment in the Royal Air Force. The incumbent was the deputy to the Chief of the Air Staff. The post existed from 1918 to 1969. Today, the Chief of the Air Staff's deputy is titled as the Assistant Chief of the Air Staff.

No. 11 Group RAF

No. 11 Group RAF

No. 11 Group is a group in the Royal Air Force first formed in 1918. It had been formed and disbanded for various periods during the 20th century before disbanding in 1996 and reforming again in 2018. Its most famous service was in 1940 in the Battle of Britain during the Second World War, when it defended London and the south-east of the United Kingdom from attacks by the German Luftwaffe. It was reformed in late 2018 as a "multi-domain operations group" to ensure the service thinks and acts in a networked way.

Keith Park

Keith Park

Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park, was a New Zealand-born officer of the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Second World War, his leadership of the RAF's No. 11 Group was pivotal to the defeat of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain.

RAF Fighter Command

RAF Fighter Command

RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialised control of fighter aircraft. It served throughout the Second World War. It earned near-immortal fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940, when the Few held off the Luftwaffe attack on Britain. The Command continued until 17 November 1943, when it was disbanded and the RAF fighter force was split into two categories; defence and attack. The defensive force became Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) and the offensive force became the RAF Second Tactical Air Force. Air Defence of Great Britain was renamed back to Fighter Command in October 1944 and continued to provide defensive patrols around Great Britain. It was disbanded for the second time in 1968, when it was subsumed into the new Strike Command.

Battle of Britain

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not follow this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to May 1941, including the Blitz.

Big Wing

Big Wing

The Big Wing, also known as a Balbo, was an air fighting tactic proposed during the Battle of Britain by 12 Group commander Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and Acting Squadron Leader Douglas Bader. In essence, the tactic involved meeting incoming Luftwaffe bombing raids in strength with a wing-shaped formation of three to five squadrons. In the Battle, this tactic was employed by the Duxford Wing, under Bader's command.

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)

Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)

The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the professional head of the Royal Air Force and a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918 with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first incumbent. The current and 30th Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Wigston, who succeeded Sir Stephen Hillier in July 2019.

Air marshal

Air marshal

Air marshal is an air-officer rank which originated within the Royal Air Force. The rank is used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence, including many Commonwealth nations. The rank is usually equivalent to a vice admiral or a lieutenant general.

China Burma India Theater

China Burma India Theater

China Burma India Theater (CBI) was the United States military designation during World War II for the China and Southeast Asian or India–Burma (IBT) theaters. Operational command of Allied forces in the CBI was officially the responsibility of the Supreme Commanders for South East Asia or China. However, US forces in practice were usually overseen by General Joseph Stilwell, the Deputy Allied Commander in China; the term "CBI" was significant in logistical, material and personnel matters; it was and is commonly used within the US for these theaters.

General (United States)

General (United States)

In the United States military, a general is the most senior general-grade officer; it is the highest achievable commissioned officer rank that may be attained in the United States Armed Forces, with exception of the Navy and Coast Guard, which have the equivalent rank of admiral instead. The official and formal insignia of "general" is defined by its four stars.

George C. Marshall

George C. Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. was an American army officer and statesman. He rose through the United States Army to become Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, then served as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. Winston Churchill lauded Marshall as the "organizer of victory" for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. After the war, he spent a frustrating year trying and failing to avoid the impending Chinese Civil War. As Secretary of State, Marshall advocated a U.S. economic and political commitment to post-war European recovery, including the Marshall Plan that bore his name. In recognition of this work, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.

Family

Lord Douglas of Kirtleside was married three times. First he married May Howard in October 1919; they were childless and divorced in 1932. Secondly he married Joan Leslie (née Denny) in 1933; this marriage was also childless and ended in divorce in 1952. Thirdly he married Hazel Walker in 1955; they had one daughter, Katharine. [11]

Arms

Coat of arms of Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside
Arms of William Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside.svg
Crest
A heart Gules imperially crowned Proper between two wings displayed Or.
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st & 4th Argent a heart Gules imperially crowned Proper on a chief Azure three mullets of the first (Douglas), 2nd & 3rd Azure a bend between six cross crosslets fitchée Or (Mar), all within a bordure engrailed Gules on a canton sinister Sable an eagle displayed Or.
Supporters
Two horses Azure winged crined and hooved Or.
Motto
Forward And Aloft (above), Jamais Arrière (below) [43]

Publications

  • W.S.D. (1930). "Air combat". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 1 (14 ed.). pp. 440–444.
  • Douglas, Sholto, Baron Douglas of Kirtleside (1963). Years of Combat: the first volume of the autobiography of Sholto Douglas, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Douglas of Kirtleside. GCB, MC, DFC. Collins.
  • Douglas, Sholto, Baron Douglas of Kirtleside (1966). Years of Command: the second volume of the autobiography of Sholto Douglas, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Douglas of Kirtleside. GCB, MC, DFC. Collins.

Source: "Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 22nd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholto_Douglas,_1st_Baron_Douglas_of_Kirtleside.

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Further Reading

Hugh Dowding

Trafford Leigh-Mallory

Marshal of the Royal Air Force

Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder

Edward Ellington

David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley

William Dickson (RAF officer)

Dermot Boyle

Thomas Pike

Charles Elworthy, Baron Elworthy

John Grandy

Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie

Denis Spotswood

Keith Williamson

James Robb (RAF officer)

Robert Foster (RAF officer)

Douglas Evill
References
  1. ^ "No. 32960". The London Gazette. 29 July 1924. p. 5723.
  2. ^ "No. 35577". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 May 1942. p. 2334.
  3. ^ "No. 35858". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 January 1943. p. 270.
  4. ^ "No. 36341". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 January 1944. p. 430.
  5. ^ "No. 37242". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 August 1945. p. 4342.
  6. ^ "No. 36630". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 July 1944. p. 3524.
  7. ^ "No. 37300". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 October 1945. p. 4957.
  8. ^ "No. 37712". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 September 1946. p. 4455.
  9. ^ "No. 37758". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 October 1946. p. 5079.
  10. ^ "No. 37992". The London Gazette. 20 June 1947. p. 2799.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Orange 2011.
  12. ^ "No. 28876". The London Gazette. 21 August 1914. p. 6597.
  13. ^ Douglas 1963, p. 75.
  14. ^ Douglas 1963, p. 85.
  15. ^ a b c d e f "Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Douglas of Kirtleside". Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  16. ^ Douglas 1963, p. 131.
  17. ^ "No. 29438". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 January 1916. p. 582.
  18. ^ Douglas 1963, p. 214.
  19. ^ "No. 13400". The Edinburgh Gazette. 11 February 1919. p. 796.
  20. ^ "No. 32193". The London Gazette. 14 January 1921. p. 376.
  21. ^ "No. 33007". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1924. p. 8.
  22. ^ "No. 33785". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1931. p. 16.
  23. ^ "No. 34176". The London Gazette. 2 July 1935. p. 4262.
  24. ^ "No. 34242". The London Gazette. 14 January 1936. p. 311.
  25. ^ "No. 34468". The London Gazette. 31 December 1937. p. 8194.
  26. ^ "No. 34488". The London Gazette. 1 March 1938. p. 1351.
  27. ^ "No. 34840". The London Gazette. 30 April 1940. p. 2556.
  28. ^ "No. 34893". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 July 1940. p. 4245.
  29. ^ "No. 35010". The London Gazette. 10 December 1940. p. 6982.
  30. ^ "No. 35204". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 June 1941. p. 3736.
  31. ^ "No. 35525". The London Gazette. 14 April 1942. p. 1648.
  32. ^ Pogue 1973, p. 258.
  33. ^ Douglas, Sir Sholto (12 April 2010). "1941: The Difficult Year". Spitfire site. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  34. ^ Douglas 1966, p. 179.
  35. ^ "No. 37124". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 June 1945. p. 3073.
  36. ^ Douglas 1966, p. 290.
  37. ^ "No. 37407". The London Gazette. 28 December 1945. p. 5.
  38. ^ "No. 37414". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1945. p. 187.
  39. ^ "No. 38210". The London Gazette. 17 February 1948. p. 1127.
  40. ^ "Air Marshal William Sholto Douglas, 1st and last Baron Douglas of Kirtleside". Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. Vol. 1 (107th ed.). Wilmington, Delaware: Genealogical Books. 2003. p. 842.
  41. ^ "It's easy to scoff at supernatural tales of seances and Ouija boards, but Compton Miller found that some remarkable people who believe them." "Humble pie from the hereafter Lady Douglas of Kirtleside: Aged 62, an ex-Molyneax model and widow of the World War II RAF hero.
  42. ^ Miller, Compton (5 October 1984). "Lords and ladies in high spirits". The Times. No. 61954. London. col A, p. 15. Sholto Douglas was an atheist who always maintained that death was as final as "treading on a beetle". Soon after he died in 1969 his distraught widow met Dr Mervyn Stockwood, then Bishop of Southwark.
  43. ^ Burke's Peerage. 1959.
Sources
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside.
Military offices
Preceded by Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
April–November 1940 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief Fighter Command
1940–1942 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command
1943–1944 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief Coastal Command
1944–1945 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief
1945–1946 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Arms of William Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside.svg
Baron Douglas of Kirtleside
1948–1969 		Extinct
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