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Sabre Dance

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
This article is about the musical piece. For the aerodynamic phenomenon, see Sabre dance (aerodynamics).
"Sabre Dance"
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The cover of a 1953 record of the "Sabre Dance" by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra[1]
The cover of a 1953 record of the "Sabre Dance" by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra[1]

"Sabre Dance"[a] is a movement in the final act of Aram Khachaturian's ballet Gayane (1942), where the dancers display their skill with sabres.[2] It is Khachaturian's best known and most recognizable work worldwide.[3][4]

It is notable for its employment of percussion instruments, especially the xylophone.[5][6] Its middle section is based on an unnamed Armenian folk song.[2][7] According to Tigran Mansurian, it is a synthesis of an Armenian wedding dance tune from Gyumri tied in a saxophone counterpoint "that seems to come straight from America."[8]

"Sabre Dance" is considered one of the signature pieces of 20th-century popular music.[9] It was popularized by covers by pop artists,[10] first in the US in 1948 and later elsewhere. Its use in a wide range in films and television over the decades have significantly contributed to its renown.[11] "Sabre Dance" has also been used by a number of figure skaters from at least five countries in their performances.

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Movement (music)

Movement (music)

A movement is a self-contained part of a musical composition or musical form. While individual or selected movements from a composition are sometimes performed separately as stand-alone pieces, a performance of the complete work requires all the movements to be performed in succession. A movement is a section, "a major structural unit perceived as the result of the coincidence of relatively large numbers of structural phenomena".A unit of a larger work that may stand by itself as a complete composition. Such divisions are usually self-contained. Most often the sequence of movements is arranged fast-slow-fast or in some other order that provides contrast.While the ultimate harmonic goal of a tonal composition is the final tonic triad, there will also be many interior harmonic goals found within the piece, some of them tonic triads and some of them not. ...We use the term cadence to mean a harmonic goal, specifically the chords used at the goal.

Aram Khachaturian

Aram Khachaturian

Aram Ilyich Khachaturian was a Soviet Armenian composer and conductor. He is considered one of the leading Soviet composers.

Gayane (ballet)

Gayane (ballet)

Gayane is a four-act ballet with music by Aram Khachaturian. Originally composed in or before 1939, when it was first produced as Happiness. Revised in 1941–42 to a libretto by Konstantin Derzhavin and with choreography by Nina Aleksandrovna Anisimova, the score was revised in 1952 and in 1957, with a new plot. The stage design was by Nathan Altman (scenery) and Tatyana Bruni (costumes).

Ballet dancer

Ballet dancer

A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.

Sabre

Sabre

A sabre is a type of backsword with a curved blade associated with the light cavalry of the early modern and Napoleonic periods. Originally associated with Central European cavalry such as the hussars, the sabre became widespread in Western Europe during the Thirty Years' War. Lighter sabres also became popular with infantry of the early 17th century. In the 19th century, models with less curving blades became common and were also used by heavy cavalry.

Percussion instrument

Percussion instrument

A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Excluding zoomusicological instruments and the human voice, the percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments. In spite of being a very common term to designate instruments, and to relate them to their players, the percussionists, percussion is not a systematic classificatory category of instruments, as described by the scientific field of organology. It is shown below that percussion instruments may belong to the organological classes of ideophone, membranophone, aerophone and cordophone.

Music of Armenia

Music of Armenia

The music of Armenia has its origins in the Armenian highlands, dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE, and is a long-standing musical tradition that encompasses diverse secular and religious, or sacred, music. Folk music was notably collected and transcribed by Komitas Vardapet, a prominent composer and musicologist, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who is also considered the founder of the modern Armenian national school of music. Armenian music has been presented internationally by numerous artists, such as composers Aram Khachaturian, Alexander Arutiunian, Arno Babajanian, Haig Gudenian, and Karen Kavaleryan as well as by traditional performers such as duduk player Djivan Gasparyan.

Tigran Mansurian

Tigran Mansurian

Tigran Yeghiayi Mansurian is a leading Armenian composer of classical music and film scores, People's Artist of the Armenian SSR (1990), and Honored Art Worker of the Armenian SSR (1984). He is the author of orchestral, chamber, choir and vocal works, which have been played across the world. He was nominated for Grammy awards in 2004 and 2017.

Gyumri

Gyumri

Gyumri is an urban municipal community and the second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th century, when the city was known as Alexandropol, it became the largest city of Russian-ruled Eastern Armenia with a population above that of Yerevan. The city became renown as a cultural hub, while also carrying significance as a major center of Russian troops during Russo-Turkish wars of the 19th century.

Saxophone

Saxophone

The saxophone is a type of single-reed woodwind instrument with a conical body, usually made of brass. As with all single-reed instruments, sound is produced when a reed on a mouthpiece vibrates to produce a sound wave inside the instrument's body. The pitch is controlled by opening and closing holes in the body to change the effective length of the tube. The holes are closed by leather pads attached to keys operated by the player. Saxophones are made in various sizes and are almost always treated as transposing instruments. Saxophone players are called saxophonists.

Counterpoint

Counterpoint

In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more musical lines which are harmonically interdependent yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour. It has been most commonly identified in the European classical tradition, strongly developing during the Renaissance and in much of the common practice period, especially in the Baroque period. The term originates from the Latin punctus contra punctum meaning "point against point", i.e. "note against note".

Music of the United States

Music of the United States

The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by the music of Europe, Indigenous peoples, West Africa, Latin America, Middle East, North Africa, amongst many other places. The country's most internationally renowned genres are traditional pop, jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rock and roll, R&B, pop, hip-hop/rap, soul, funk, religious, disco, house, techno, ragtime, doo-wop, folk, americana, boogaloo, tejano, reggaeton, surf, and salsa, amongst many others. American music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.

Popularity

NPR described it as "one of the catchiest, most familiar—perhaps most maddening—tunes to come out of the 20th century."[12] Steven Poole notes that the "insistent xylophone-accented melody" of the Sabre Dance has "become a kind of global musical shorthand for cartoonish urgency."[13] Critics Peter G. Davis and Martin Bernheimer have called it "infamous" and "obnoxious,"[14][15] while David Mermelstein called it "garish and ubiquitous."[16] New York Times noted that Khachaturian "never disowned the 'Sabre Dance', but he did feel, apparently, that it deflected attention from his other works." He told an American interviewer, "It's like one button on my shirt, and I have many buttons."[17]

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NPR

NPR

National Public Radio is an American nonprofit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States. It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations such as the Associated Press, in that it was established by an act of Congress.

Steven Poole

Steven Poole

Steven Poole is a British author, journalist, and increasingly cited video game theorist. He particularly concerns himself with the abuse of language and has written two books on the subject: Unspeak (2006) and Who Touched Base In My Thought Shower? (2013).

Peter G. Davis

Peter G. Davis

Peter Graffam Davis was an American opera and classical music critic. He was the classical music critic for the magazine New York from 1980 until 2007. He also wrote for The New York Times, Musical America, and Opera News among other publications. He previously worked for The New York Times and authored the book, The American Opera Singer.

Martin Bernheimer

Martin Bernheimer

Martin Bernheimer was a German-born American music critic who specialized in classical music. Described as "a widely respected and influential critic, who is particularly knowledgeable about opera and the voice", Bernheimer was the chief classical music critic of the Los Angeles Times from 1965 to 1996.

Classical performances and recordings

Oscar Levant helped popularize the "Sabre Dance" in the United States in 1947–49.
Oscar Levant helped popularize the "Sabre Dance" in the United States in 1947–49.

After World War II, records of dances from Khachaturian's ballet Gayane reached the west and the "Sabre Dance" "caused an immediate sensation and straight away becoming a popular classical hit."[18] In 1948, three records of the "Sabre Dance" reached number one in the Billboard Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists: by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Artur Rodziński),[19][20] by the New York Philharmonic (conducted by Efrem Kurtz),[21] and by the pianist Oscar Levant (Columbia Records).[22] These records made them one of the Billboard Year's Top Selling Classical Artists.[23] A record by the Boston Pops Orchestra also made it to the classical chart.[24] It became the first million-selling record of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.[25]

According to the Current Biography Yearbook, it was Levant's performance that "received popular attention."[26] Levant published a piano solo version of it and played the piece five times on Kraft Music Hall between December 1947 and December 1948.[27] He also played it on the piano in the 1949 film The Barkleys of Broadway.[28]

"Sabre Dance" was also recorded by Russian-American violinist Jascha Heifetz (1948, transcribed it for violin/piano),[29] Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Fabien Sevitzky, in 1953),[1] the Hungarian-French pianist György Cziffra (1956),[30] the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra (conducted by Yuri Temirkanov, 1986),[31] the London Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Stanley Black, 1989),[32] the Irish flute player James Galway (1993 album Dances for Flute),[33] the Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Alexander Lazarev, 1994),[34] the National Symphony Orchestra (conducted by Loris Tjeknavorian, 2005),[35] Franco-Serbian violinist Nemanja Radulović (2014).[36][37]

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Chicago Symphony Orchestra

Chicago Symphony Orchestra

The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) was founded by Theodore Thomas in 1891. The ensemble makes its home at the Symphony Center in Chicago and plays a summer season at the Ravinia Festival. The music director is Riccardo Muti, who began his tenure in 2010. The CSO is one of five American orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five".

Artur Rodziński

Artur Rodziński

Artur Rodziński was a Polish-American conductor of orchestral music and opera. He began his career after World War I in Poland, where he was discovered by Leopold Stokowski, who invited him to be his assistant with the Philadelphia Orchestra. This engagement led to Rodziński becoming music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Cleveland Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He also prepared the NBC Symphony Orchestra for Arturo Toscanini before the Italian conductor's debut with them. A dispute in Chicago led to Rodziński's dismissal in 1948, whereupon he shifted his career to Europe, eventually settling in Italy, although continuing to maintain a home in Lake Placid, New York. In November 1958, beset by heart disease, he made his professional return to the United States for the first time in a decade, conducting acclaimed performances of Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde with the Lyric Opera of Chicago. Exhausted, he checked into Massachusetts General Hospital where he died 11 days later.

Efrem Kurtz

Efrem Kurtz

Efrem Kurtz was a Russian conductor.

Columbia Records

Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. It was founded on January 15, 1889, evolving from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1991, its recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI's Columbia Graphophone Company. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, alongside former longtime rival RCA Records, as well as Arista Records and Epic Records.

Boston Pops Orchestra

Boston Pops Orchestra

The Boston Pops Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Boston, Massachusetts, specializing in light classical and popular music. The orchestra's current music director is Keith Lockhart.

Current Biography

Current Biography

Current Biography is an American monthly magazine published by the H. W. Wilson Company of New York City, a publisher of reference books, that appears every month except December. Current Biography contains profiles of people in the news and includes politicians, athletes, businessmen, and entertainers. Published since 1940, the articles are annually collected into bound volumes called Current Biography Yearbook. A December issue of the magazine is not published because the staff works on the final cumulative volume for the year. Articles in the bound volumes correct any mistakes that may have appeared in the magazine and may include additional relevant information about the subject that became available since publication of the original article. The work is a standard reference source in American libraries and the publisher keeps in print the older volumes. Wilson also issues cumulative indexes to the set, and an online version is available as a subscription database.

Kraft Music Hall

Kraft Music Hall

The Kraft Music Hall was a popular old-time radio variety program, featuring top show business entertainers, which aired first on NBC radio from 1933 to 1949.

Jascha Heifetz

Jascha Heifetz

Jascha Heifetz was a Jewish-Lithuanian born American violinist. Born in Vilnius, he moved to the United States as a teenager, where his Carnegie Hall debut was rapturously received. He was a virtuoso from childhood. Fritz Kreisler, another leading violinist of the twentieth century, said after hearing Heifetz's debut, "We might as well take our fiddles and break them across our knees." He had a long and successful performing career; however, after an injury to his right (bowing) arm, he switched his focus to teaching.

Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra

Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra

The Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra (ISO) is an American orchestra based in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The largest performing arts organization in Indiana, the orchestra was founded in 1930 and is based at the Hilbert Circle Theatre in downtown Indianapolis on Monument Circle.

Fabien Sevitzky

Fabien Sevitzky

Fabien Sevitzky was a Russian-born American conductor. He was the nephew of renowned double-bass virtuoso and longtime Boston Symphony Orchestra conductor Serge Koussevitzky.

György Cziffra

György Cziffra

Christian Georges Cziffra was a Hungarian-French virtuoso pianist and composer. He is considered to be one of the greatest virtuoso pianists of the twentieth century. Among his teachers was István Thomán, who was a favourite pupil of Franz Liszt.

London Symphony Orchestra

London Symphony Orchestra

The London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) is a British symphony orchestra based in London. Founded in 1904, the LSO is the oldest of London's symphony orchestras. The LSO was created by a group of players who left Henry Wood's Queen's Hall Orchestra because of a new rule requiring players to give the orchestra their exclusive services. The LSO itself later introduced a similar rule for its members. From the outset the LSO was organised on co-operative lines, with all players sharing the profits at the end of each season. This practice continued for the orchestra's first four decades.

Covers

US hit (1948)

In 1948 the "Sabre Dance" was recorded by a number of singers and became a jukebox hit in the United States.[38][39][40] Newsweek suggested that 1948 could be called "Khachaturian Year in the United States."[41] In February 1948, Billboard wrote that "There's a rash of sabre dance disks based on the familiar excerpts from Aram Khachaturian's Gay[a]ne Ballet Suite."[42] Life Magazine noted that when the Communist Party denounced the Soviet Union's top composers for "formalism", Khachaturian "could only gnaw his nails in despair, waiting for the [Central] Committee to find out that his 'Sabre Dance,' now called 'Sabre Dance Boogie,' is a hit in the hopelessly decadent jukeboxes in the hopelessly bourgeois U.S.A."[43]

By May 1948, three records of Sabre Dance—a pop-boogie hit by Freddy Martin,[44] a dance-band version by Woody Herman,[45] and a vocal version by The Andrews Sisters with harmonica backing[46]—made it to Billboard's Most-Played Juke Box Records at No. 8, No. 13, and No. 28, respectively.[47] Aside from these three versions, it was also recorded by Victor Young's orchestra (Decca Records), Ray Bloch's orchestra (Signature Records), Macklin Marrow's orchestra (MGM), pianist Oscar Levant (Columbia Records), the Angie Bond Trio (Dick Records), and the Harmonickings (Jubilee Records). According to John Sforza "Sabre Dance" is a "good example of multiple recordings of the same song in the 1940s recording industry."[48]

Two decades later, in 1968, when Khachaturian visited the US, New York Post music critic Harriett Johnson noted that "Sabre Dance" is Khachaturian's "most popular piece in this country."[49] New York Times critic Harold C. Schonberg agreed, calling it "enormously popular" and adding that the "little whirling piece occupies the same place in his output that the C sharp minor Prelude did in Rachmaninoff's."[50]

Later versions

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Jukebox

Jukebox

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media. The classic jukebox has buttons, with letters and numbers on them, which are used to select a specific record. Some may use compact discs instead. Disc changers are similar devices that are intended for home use, are small enough to fit in a shelf, may hold up to hundreds of discs, and allow discs to be easily removed, replaced, and inserted by the user.

Billboard (magazine)

Billboard (magazine)

Billboard is an American music and entertainment magazine published weekly by Penske Media Corporation. The magazine provides music charts, news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and style related to the music industry. Its music charts include the Hot 100, the 200, and the Global 200, tracking the most popular albums and songs in different genres of music. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows.

Life (magazine)

Life (magazine)

Life was an American magazine published weekly from 1883 to 1972, as an intermittent "special" until 1978, and as a monthly from 1978 until 2000. During its golden age from 1936 to 1972, Life was a wide-ranging weekly general-interest magazine known for the quality of its photography, and was one of the most popular magazines in the nation, regularly reaching one-quarter of the population.

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party or All-Union Communist Party and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990 when the Congress of People's Deputies modified Article 6 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which had previously granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system.

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the executive leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, acting between sessions of Congress. According to party statutes, the committee directed all party and governmental activities. Its members were elected by the Party Congress.

Boogie

Boogie

Boogie is a repetitive, swung note or shuffle rhythm, "groove" or pattern used in blues which was originally played on the piano in boogie-woogie music. The characteristic rhythm and feel of the boogie was then adapted to guitar, double bass, and other instruments. The earliest recorded boogie-woogie song was in 1916. By the 1930s, Swing bands such as Benny Goodman, Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey and Louis Jordan all had boogie hits. By the 1950s, boogie became incorporated into the emerging rockabilly and rock and roll styles. In the late 1980s and the early 1990s country bands released country boogies. Today, the term "boogie" usually refers to dancing to pop, disco, or rock music.

Freddy Martin

Freddy Martin

Frederick Alfred Martin was an American bandleader and tenor saxophonist.

Harmonica

Harmonica

The harmonica, also known as a French harp or mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock. The many types of harmonica include diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth to direct air into or out of one holes along a mouthpiece. Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. The most common is the diatonic Richter-tuned with ten air passages and twenty reeds, often called the blues harp. A harmonica reed is a flat, elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. When the free end is made to vibrate by the player's air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound.

Decca Records

Decca Records

Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Its U.S. label was established in late 1934 by Lewis, Jack Kapp, American Decca's first president, and Milton Rackmil, who later became American Decca's president. In 1937, anticipating Nazi aggression leading to World War II, Lewis sold American Decca and the link between the U.K. and U.S. Decca labels was broken for several decades. The British label was renowned for its development of recording methods, while the American company developed the concept of cast albums in the musical genre.

Columbia Records

Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony. It was founded on January 15, 1889, evolving from the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1991, its recordings were released outside North America under the name CBS Records to avoid confusion with EMI's Columbia Graphophone Company. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels, alongside former longtime rival RCA Records, as well as Arista Records and Epic Records.

New York Post

New York Post

The New York Post is a conservative daily tabloid newspaper published in New York City. The Post also operates NYPost.com, the celebrity gossip site PageSix.com, and the entertainment site Decider.com.

Harold C. Schonberg

Harold C. Schonberg

Harold Charles Schonberg was an American music critic and author. He is best known for his contributions in The New York Times, where he was chief music critic from 1960 to 1980. In 1971, he became the first music critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. An influential critic, he is particularly well known for his encouragement of Romantic piano music and criticism of conductor Leonard Bernstein. He also wrote a number of books on music, and one on chess.

In popular culture

The "Sabre Dance" has been used in numerous films, animated films, television series, video games, and commercials over the years, oftentimes for humorous effects.[75] The piece's popular familiarity has been enhanced by its traditional use as accompaniment by travelling circuses[76] and on television variety shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show when novelty acts such as plate spinners appeared.[12]

On June 6, 2013, on the 110th anniversary of Khachaturian's birthday a modern take of the Sabre Dance—Sabre Dance on the Street—was performed at Yerevan Cascade by the Barekamutyun dance ensemble and Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra.[77][78][79]

Films and series

Films in which the "Sabre Dance" was used include The Barkleys of Broadway (1949), One, Two, Three (1961),[80] The System (1964), The Seven Brides of Lance-Corporal Zbruyev (1970),[81] Amarcord (1973), Well, Just You Wait! 6th episode "Countryside" (1973), Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985), Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986), Repentance (1987), Punchline (1988), Hocus Pocus (1993), Radioland Murders (1994), The Hudsucker Proxy (1994),[82][83] Don't Drink the Water (1994), I Married a Strange Person! (1997), Vegas Vacation (1997), A Simple Wish (1997), Blues Brothers 2000 (1998), The Lion King 1½ (2004), Kung Fu Hustle (2005), Scoop (2006), Sicko (2007), Ghost Town (2008), Witless Protection (2008), Le Concert (2009), Pájaros de papel (2010), Sabre Dance (2015).[75] In his frenzied comedy One, Two, Three, director Billy Wilder used the dance repeatedly for comic effect, including a crazed chase through East Berlin, and the chaotic closing ride to the airport featuring James Cagney and Horst Buchholz. It was also played briefly in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted. A band plays the song in the beginning of the movie Hotel Transylvania: Transformania (2022).

Some notable television shows that have used it include The Jack Benny Program (1961), "A Piano in the House" from The Twilight Zone (1962), The Onedin Line (1971 and 1972), The Benny Hill Show (1985), Our Very First Telethon episode of Full House (1990), The Simpsons (1991), The Nanny (1996), Two and a Half Men (2004), "Recipe for Disaster" from What's New, Scooby-Doo? (2004), "Peterotica" episode of Family Guy (2006), SpongeBob SquarePants (2007), and The Big Bang Theory (2009).[84] The song was featured in The Amazing Race 28, when teams travelled to Armenia and had to search the Yerevan Opera Theater for their next clue.

Video games

Video games in which the "Sabre Dance" was used include:

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Circus

Circus

A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicyclists as well as other object manipulation and stunt-oriented artists. The term circus also describes the performance which has followed various formats through its 250-year modern history. Although not the inventor of the medium, Philip Astley is credited as the father of the modern circus. In 1768, Astley, a skilled equestrian, began performing exhibitions of trick horse riding in an open field called Ha'Penny Hatch on the south side of the Thames River, England. In 1770, he hired acrobats, tightrope walkers, jugglers and a clown to fill in the pauses between the equestrian demonstrations and thus chanced on the format which was later named a "circus". Performances developed significantly over the next fifty years, with large-scale theatrical battle reenactments becoming a significant feature. The traditional format, in which a ringmaster introduces a variety of choreographed acts set to music, developed in the latter part of the 19th century and remained the dominant format until the 1970s.

Plate spinning

Plate spinning

Plate spinning is a circus manipulation art where a person spins plates, bowls and other flat objects on poles, without them falling off. Plate spinning relies on the gyroscopic effect, in the same way a top stays upright while spinning. Spinning plates are sometimes gimmicked, to help keep the plates on the poles.

Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra

Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra

The Armenian National Philharmonic Orchestra (ANPO) is the national orchestra of Armenia. It was founded in 1925 as a symphony orchestra of the Yerevan State Conservatory. Now it performs in Khachaturian Hall, Yerevan.

One, Two, Three

One, Two, Three

One, Two, Three is a 1961 American political comedy film directed by Billy Wilder, and written by Wilder and I. A. L. Diamond. It is based on the 1929 Hungarian one-act play Egy, kettő, három by Ferenc Molnár, with a "plot borrowed partly from" Ninotchka, a 1939 film co-written by Wilder. The film stars James Cagney, Horst Buchholz, Liselotte Pulver, Pamela Tiffin, Arlene Francis, Leon Askin and Howard St. John. It would be Cagney's last film appearance until Ragtime in 1981, 20 years later.

Amarcord

Amarcord

Amarcord is a 1973 comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini, a semi-autobiographical tale about Titta, an adolescent boy growing up among an eccentric cast of characters in the village of Borgo San Giuliano in 1930s Fascist Italy. The film's title is a univerbation of the Romagnol phrase a m'arcôrd. The title then became a neologism of the Italian language, with the meaning of "nostalgic revocation". The central role of Titta is based on Fellini's childhood friend from Rimini, Luigi Titta Benzi. Benzi became a lawyer and remained in close contact with Fellini throughout his life.

Pee-wee's Big Adventure

Pee-wee's Big Adventure

Pee-wee's Big Adventure is a 1985 American adventure comedy film directed by Tim Burton in his feature-film directing debut. It stars Paul Reubens as Pee-wee Herman, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol, along with E.G. Daily, Mark Holton, Diane Salinger, and Judd Omen. Described as a "parody" or "farce version" of the 1948 Italian classic Bicycle Thieves, it tells the story of Pee-wee's nationwide search for his stolen bicycle.

Jumpin' Jack Flash (film)

Jumpin' Jack Flash (film)

Jumpin' Jack Flash is a 1986 American comedy film starring Whoopi Goldberg. The film was directed by Penny Marshall in her theatrical film directorial debut. The soundtrack has two versions of the song "Jumpin' Jack Flash": the original by the Rolling Stones, and a remake by Aretha Franklin in the end credits. Franklin's version was not on the film's soundtrack album but was released as a single.

Repentance (1987 film)

Repentance (1987 film)

Repentance is a 1984 Georgian Soviet art film directed by Tengiz Abuladze. The film was produced in 1984, however, it was banned from release in the Soviet Union for its semi-allegorical critique of Stalinism. It premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival, winning the FIPRESCI Prize, Grand Prize of the Jury, and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury. The film was selected as the Soviet entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. In July 2021, the film was shown in the Cannes Classics section at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival.

Punchline (film)

Punchline (film)

Punchline is a 1988 American comedy-drama film written and directed by David Seltzer and distributed by Columbia Pictures. Its story follows a talented young comic as he helps a housewife who wants to break into stand-up comedy. It stars Sally Field, Tom Hanks, John Goodman, and Mark Rydell.

Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

Hocus Pocus (1993 film)

Hocus Pocus is a 1993 American fantasy comedy film that follows a villainous comedic trio of witches who are inadvertently resurrected by a teenage boy in Salem, Massachusetts, on Halloween night. The film is directed by Kenny Ortega from a screenplay by Mick Garris and Neil Cuthbert, and a story by David Kirschner and Garris.

Radioland Murders

Radioland Murders

Radioland Murders is a 1994 American comedy thriller film directed by Mel Smith and executive produced by George Lucas. Radioland Murders is set in the 1939 atmosphere of old-time radio and pays homage to the screwball comedy films of the 1930s. The film tells the story of writer Roger Henderson trying to settle relationship issues with his wife Penny while dealing with a whodunit murder mystery in a radio station. The film stars an ensemble cast, including Brian Benben, Mary Stuart Masterson, Scott Michael Campbell, Michael Lerner, and Ned Beatty. Radioland Murders also features numerous small roles and cameo appearances, including Michael McKean, Bobcat Goldthwait, Jeffrey Tambor, Christopher Lloyd, George Burns, Billy Barty, and Rosemary Clooney.

Don't Drink the Water (1994 film)

Don't Drink the Water (1994 film)

Don't Drink the Water is a 1994 American made-for-television comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, based on his 1966 play. This is the second filmed version of the play, after a 1969 theatrical version starring Jackie Gleason left Allen dissatisfied.

In sports

The National Hockey League (NHL)'s Buffalo Sabres have used the piece as a theme song since the team was established in 1970.[85] After a hiatus, the "Sabre Dance" was again made their theme song in 2011.[86][87]

In 2010–13, the "Sabre Dance" was played at Donbass Arena, the venue of the Ukrainian football club Shakhtar Donetsk, whenever the Armenian football player Henrikh Mkhitaryan scored a goal.[88]

The "Sabre Dance" was featured in the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony held in Fisht Olympic Stadium, Sochi, Russia on February 7.[89][90]

Figure skating

The "Sabre Dance" has been used by numerous figure skaters, including:

Season(s) Athlete(s) Country Competition Ref
1981–82 Natalia Bestemianova
Andrei Bukin 		 Soviet Union 1982 World Figure Skating Championships: free skating [91][92][93]
1986 Suzanne Semanick
Scott Gregory 		 United States U.S. Championship [94]
1986–88 Debi Thomas  United States [95][96][97][98]
1994 Scott Hamilton  United States 1994 World Professional Figure Skating Championships [99][100]
1994 Michelle Kwan  United States 1994 U.S. Figure Skating Championships: short program [101]
1999 Johnny Weir  United States short program [102]
1999–00 Evgeni Plushenko  Russia short program [103]
2001–02 Stanislav Morozov
Aliona Savchenko 		 Ukraine short program [104]
2001–02 Takahiko Kozuka  Japan short program [105]
2004–05 Stanislav Morozov
Tatiana Volosozhar 		 Ukraine free skating [106]
2004–05 Daisuke Takahashi  Japan short program [107][108]
2005–06 Takahito Mura  Japan short program [109]
2006–07 Maximin Coia
Adeline Canac 		 France free skating [110]
2007 Ryuju Hino  Japan Skate Asia 2007: short program [111]
2012–13 Yulia Lipnitskaya  Russia short program [112][113]
2014 2014 European Figure Skating Championships exhibition [114]

Discover more about In sports related topics

Buffalo Sabres

Buffalo Sabres

The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York. The Sabres compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference. The team was established in 1970, along with the Vancouver Canucks, when the league expanded to 14 teams. The Sabres have played their home games at KeyBank Center since 1996, having previously played at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium since their inception. The Sabres are owned by Terry Pegula, who purchased the club in 2011 from Tom Golisano.

Donbass Arena

Donbass Arena

Donbass Arena (Ukrainian: Донба́с Аре́на [donˈbɑs ɐˈrɛnɐ]; is a stadium with a natural grass pitch in Donetsk, Ukraine, that opened on 29 August 2009. The facility is located in the center of the city, in the Lenin Comsomol park. With a capacity of 52,187 spectators, the stadium used to host FC Shakhtar Donetsk matches and also hosted some matches of Euro 2012. The final cost of construction for Donbass Arena was $400M. The stadium has been unused and closed to the public since May 2014, due to the war in Donbas.

FC Shakhtar Donetsk

FC Shakhtar Donetsk

Football Club Shakhtar Donetsk is a Ukrainian professional football club from the city of Donetsk. In 2014, due to the War in Donbass, the club was forced to move to Lviv, and had played matches in Lviv (2014–2016) and in Kharkiv (2017–2020) whilst having its office headquarters and training facilities in Kyiv. In May 2020, Shakhtar started to play home matches at NSC Olimpiyskiy in Kyiv.

Henrikh Mkhitaryan

Henrikh Mkhitaryan

Henrikh Mkhitaryan is an Armenian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Serie A club Inter Milan.

2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony

2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics took place at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi, Russia, on 7 February 2014. It began at 20:14 MSK (UTC+4) and finished at 23:02 MSK (UTC+4). It was filmed and produced by OBS and Russian host broadcaster VGTRK. This was the first Winter Olympics and first Olympic Games opening ceremony under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach. This was also the second consecutive Winter Olympic opening ceremony to be held in an indoor stadium.

Fisht Olympic Stadium

Fisht Olympic Stadium

Fisht Olympic Stadium is an outdoor stadium in Sochi, Russia. Located in Sochi Olympic Park and named after Mount Fisht, the 40,000-capacity stadium was constructed for the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, where it served as the venue for their opening and closing ceremonies.

Figure skating

Figure skating

Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance; the four individual disciplines are also combined into a team event, first included in the Winter Olympics in 2014. The non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating, Theater on Ice, and four skating. From intermediate through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs, which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.

Andrei Bukin

Andrei Bukin

Andrei Anatolyevich Bukin is a Soviet and Russian former ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union in his competitive career. With his partner Natalia Bestemianova, he is the 1988 Olympic Champion, 1984 Olympic silver medalist, four-time World champion, three-time World silver medalist, and five-time European champion.

1982 World Figure Skating Championships

1982 World Figure Skating Championships

The 1982 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Copenhagen, Denmark from March 9 to 14. At the event, sanctioned by the International Skating Union, medals were awarded in men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

Free skating

Free skating

The free skating segment of figure skating, also called the free skate and the long program, is the second of two segments of competitions, skated after the short program. Its duration, across all disciplines, is four minutes for senior skaters and teams, and three and one-half minutes for junior skaters and teams. Vocal music with lyrics is allowed for all disciplines since the 2014—2015 season. The free skating program, across all disciplines, must be well-balanced and include certain elements described and published by the International Skating Union (ISU).

1986 U.S. Figure Skating Championships

1986 U.S. Figure Skating Championships

The 1986 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held in early February 1986 in Uniondale, New York. Medals were awarded in four colors: gold (first), silver (second), bronze (third), and pewter (fourth) in four disciplines – men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing – across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.

Debi Thomas

Debi Thomas

Debra Janine Thomas is an American former figure skater and physician. She is the 1986 World champion, the 1988 Olympic bronze medalist, and a two-time U.S. national champion. Her rivalry with East Germany's Katarina Witt at the 1988 Calgary Olympics was known as the Battle of the Carmens.

Source: "Sabre Dance", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 16th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabre_Dance.

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Further Reading

Aram Khachaturian

Gayane (ballet)

Music of Armenia

Alto saxophone

Spartacus (ballet)

Loris Tjeknavorian

Alexander Arutiunian

Wolfgang's Big Night Out

Yerevan Opera Theatre

Aliens (soundtrack)

House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian

List of compositions by Aram Khachaturian

Šlágry

Sergey Khachatryan

Kariné Poghosyan

Symphony No. 2 (Khachaturian)
References
Notes
  1. ^ Armenian: Սուսերով պար, Suserov par; Russian: Танец с саблями, Tanets s sablyami
Citations
  1. ^ a b "Classical Selections of EP Singles ...". Billboard. August 29, 1953. p. 29.
  2. ^ a b "2011–2012 Concerts for Young People: Aram Khachaturian (1903–1978) "Sabre Dance" from Gayane" (PDF). Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2014. The "Sabre Dance" is in the final act. It is where the dancers display their skills with sabres. Its middle section is based on an Armenian folk song ...
  3. ^ Frolova-Walker, Marina (Summer 1998). ""National in Form, Socialist in Content": Musical Nation-Building in the Soviet Republics". Journal of the American Musicological Society. University of California Press on behalf of the American Musicological Society. 51 (2): 362. doi:10.2307/831980. JSTOR 831980. ... Khachaturian's most popular piece, the Sabre Dance ...
  4. ^ Robinson, Harlow (2013). "The Caucasian Connection: National Identity in the Ballets of Aram Khachaturian". In Kanet, Roger E. (ed.). Identities, Nations and Politics After Communism. Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 9781317968665. ...particularly the "Sabre Dance," which became the single most recognized piece of Khachaturian...
  5. ^ Blades, James (1992). Percussion Instruments and Their History. Bold Strummer. p. 341. ISBN 9780933224612. Khachaturian employs the xylophone freely in Dance of Young Maidens and Sabre Dance in his Gayaneh Ballet (1942)...
  6. ^ Longe, Jacqueline L. (2001). How Products are Made: An Illustrated Guide to Product Manufacturing, Volume 6. Gale Group. p. 462. ISBN 9780787636425. Khachaturian's "Sabre Dance" from his ballet called "Gayane Suite" has a challenging xylophone part...
  7. ^ "Sabre Dance from Gayane". Fort Wayne Philharmonic Orchestra. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. There is a brief moment of contrast at the center, with a quotation of an Armenian folk song.
  8. ^ In the documentary Khachaturian (2003, directed by Peter Rosen), Tigran Mansurian states at around 33:00: "What an interesting synthesis! He's taken a melody from Gyumri, an Armenian wedding dance tune ... and he's tied in a saxophone counterpoint that seems to come straight from America. The relationship between the two seems so organic, so interesting!"
    The film is available online: "Khachaturian: The virtuous Soviet Armenian composer (2003)". EuroArtsChannel on YouTube. July 29, 2017. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022.
  9. ^ Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-8108-7450-3.
  10. ^ Staines, Joe (2010). The Rough Guide to Classical Music. Penguin. ISBN 9781405383219. Filled with a sparkling array of folk-inspired tunes, its most famous episode, the manic "Sabre Dance", has had a life of its own, even materializing as a pop single.
  11. ^ "Khachaturian: "Sabre Dance" from Gayaneh". University of North Georgia Department of Music. 15 October 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016.
  12. ^ a b Huizenga, Tom (5 June 2003). "The 'Sabre Dance' Man". NPR. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  13. ^ Poole, Steven (12 June 2003). "Cinematic for the people". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014.
  14. ^ Davis, Peter G. (July 29, 1979). "A Festival of Russian Ballet Scores". The New York Times. ...the familiar material, including the infamous "Sabre Dance,"...
  15. ^ Bernheimer, Martin (July 3, 2009). "New York Philharmonic/Tovey, Avery Fisher Hall". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. The obnoxious "Sabre Dance" rattled brashly, as is its wont.
  16. ^ Mermelstein, David (September 23, 2001). "MUSIC; A Big Hit In Need Of Revival". The New York Times.
  17. ^ "Khachaturian, a Leading Soviet Composer, Dies at 74". The New York Times. 3 May 1978. (archived)
  18. ^ March, Ivan (2011). "Khachaturian Gayaneh; Spartacus". Gramophone. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Retail Record Sales: Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists". Billboard. 10 April 1948. p. 30.
  20. ^ "Retail Record Sales: Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists". Billboard. 26 June 1948. p. 27.
  21. ^ "Retail Record Sales: Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists". Billboard. 10 April 1948. p. 39.
  22. ^ "Retail Record Sales: Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists". Billboard. 15 May 1948. p. 25.
  23. ^ "The Year's Top Selling Classical Artists Over Retail Counters". Billboard. 1 January 1949. p. 19.
  24. ^ "Best-Selling Records by Classical Artists". Billboard. April 3, 1948. p. 26.
  25. ^ Hoffman, Frank, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound, Volume 1: A-L. New York: Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-203-48427-2.
  26. ^ "Khachaturian, Aram". Current Biography Yearbook. New York: H. W. Wilson Company. 9: 345. 1949. The music is available on records, however, and as a result of its performance by Oscar Levant, the "Sabre Dance," a part of the suite, has received popular attention. Played in four-quarter rather than the three-quarter time in which it was written, "Sabre Dance" is "a juke-box sensation"; an adaptation, "Sabre Dance Boogie," has also been introduced.
  27. ^ Boyd, Caleb Taylor (15 May 2020). "Oscar Levant: Pianist, Gershwinite, Middlebrow Media Star". Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021.
  28. ^ Faris, Jocelyn (1994). Ginger Rogers: A Bio-bibliography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-313-29177-7.
  29. ^ Heifetz, Jascha. "Sabre Dance, arrangement for violin & piano (after Khachaturian's Gayane) (1948)". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Georges Cziffra: Ses Enregistrements Studio, 1956–1986 Danse du Sabre (after Khatchaturian's Gayaneh), for piano". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  31. ^ Yuri Temirkanov / Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. "Khachaturian: Suites from the Ballets Spartacus & Gayaneh (March 1986)". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021.
  32. ^ Stanley Black / London Symphony Orchestra. "Khachaturian: Spartacus; Masquerade; Gayaneh (Release Date October 23, 1989)". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019.
  33. ^ "James Galway Dances for Flute". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  34. ^ Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra / Alexander Lazarev. "Aram Khachaturian: Sabre Dance from Gayaneh; Excerpts from Spartacus & Masquerade (Release Date March 8, 1994)". AllMusic.
  35. ^ "Loris Tjeknavorian Khachaturian: Gayne (Complete Ballet); Selections from Spartacus; Masquerade Suite". AllMusic. March 22, 2005. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021.
  36. ^ "Classic Drive: Sporting Requests". abc.net.au. ABC Classic. 23 July 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021.
  37. ^ Barber, Stephen. "Review: Journey East - Nemanja Radulović (violin)". Musicweb International. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021.
  38. ^ "Soviets throw book at Beria". Life. New York. December 28, 1957. p. 17. Meanwhile a musical revolt was stirred up in Russia by Aram Khachaturian, one of the U.S.S.R.'s leading composers, who wrote the U.S. juke box favorite of 1948, Sabre Dance.
  39. ^ Taruskin, Richard (2009). Music in the Late Twentieth Century: The Oxford History of Western Music. Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-19-979600-7. Khachaturian .. famous in the West for some colorful concertos and a ballet suite containing a rousing "Sabre Dance" that became a jukebox hit.
  40. ^ Petrak, Albert M., ed. (1985). "Khachaturian, Aram Ilyich". David Mason Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers (1st ed.). Garden City, New York: Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation. pp. 1329–30. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6. Meanwhile its flashy "Sabre Dance" had conquered the U.S.S.R.'s new American allies and at one time was a standard on juke-boxes.
  41. ^ "Juke-Box Red". Music. Newsweek. Vol. 31. New York. 1948. p. 72. ...the music agenda in this country shows plenty to indicate that 1948 may be Khachaturian Year in the United States.
  42. ^ "The Billboard Picks [Week Ending January 30]". Billboard. February 7, 1948. p. 32.
  43. ^ ""Bourgeois" Composers". Life. 23 February 1948. p. 48.
  44. ^ Birnbaum, Larry (2013). Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll. Scarecrow Press. p. 116. ISBN 9780810886384.
  45. ^ "Scratching the Surface". The Saturday Review of Literature. 31 (1): 48. 1948. Not to be outdone by Levant, Woody Herman has recorded a dance-band version of the "Sabre Dance."
  46. ^ Nimmo, H. Arlo (2007). The Andrews Sisters: A Biography and Career Record. McFarland & Company. p. 249. ISBN 9780786432608.
  47. ^ "Most-Played Juke Box Records". Billboard. May 22, 1948. p. 35.
  48. ^ Sforza, John (2014). Swing It!: The Andrews Sisters Story. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9780813148977.
  49. ^ Johnson, Harriett (January 29, 1968). "Khachaturian Debuts as Conductor". New York Post. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022.
  50. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (January 29, 1968). "Music: Khachaturian Leads the Washington National Symphony". The New York Times.
  51. ^ "Liberace Plays the Saber Dance". EVTV1. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  52. ^ "Liberace Legendary Liberace: Musical Highlights of the PBS Special". AllMusic. June 5, 2002. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021.
  53. ^ "Sabre Dance". officialcharts.com. Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021.
  54. ^ "Love Sculpture – Sabre Dance". hitparade.ch (in German). Swiss Hitparade. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022.
  55. ^ "Love Sculpture – Sabre Dance". dutchcharts.nl. DutchCharts. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022.
  56. ^ "Love Sculpture: Sabre Dance". offiziellecharts.de. GfK Entertainment charts. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022.
  57. ^ "Ekseption - Ekseption (1969)". Classic Rock Covers Database. July 5, 2021. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. 4."Sabre dance" (Aram Khachaturian) 3:46
  58. ^ "Ekseption (Re-Issue)". Spotify. Universal International Music B.V. 1969.
  59. ^ Le Maire, Johan; Le Maire, Marc. "James Last discographie: Russland zwischen Tag und Nacht - In Russia". jameslastbenelux.com (in French). James Last Benelux Club. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Säbeltanz [ 1972 ] [ Khatschaturian ]
  60. ^ "The Boys To Hell with the Boys". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  61. ^ Sawyer, Philip. "Ivan Rebroff-Live in Concert: Sydney-Australia (1982)". michaeldvd.com.au. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021.
  62. ^ "Ivan Rebroff - Live in Concert : Sydney-Australia (1982): Sabre Dance". YouTube. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022.
  63. ^ "Nina Hagen – In Ekstasy". Discogs. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Written By [Inserts From Sabre Dance] – Aram Khatchaturian
  64. ^ Valdivia, Victor W. "U.K. Subs Killing Time". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  65. ^ "Toy Dolls – Wakey Wakey!". Discogs. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  66. ^ Lawson, Robert (2017). "Selected discography". Still Competition: The Listener's Guide to Cheap Trick. FriesenPress. p. 263. ISBN 9781525512254. "Didn't Know I Had It All"/ "Love Me For A Minute", "Sabre Dance" (9362-41584-2)
  67. ^ "Woke Up with a Monster". ricknielsen.com. Rick Nielsen of Cheap Trick Official Site. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Japanese version
    "Sabre Dance"
  68. ^ "Musical Mayhem and The Black Fire Concerto". Black Gate. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Aram Khachaturian's "Sabre Dance" in the midst of "Sodom and Gomorrah" from their way underrated album Death Row.
  69. ^ Patterson, Dayal (2013). Black Metal: Evolution of the Cult. Feral House. p. 104. ISBN 9781936239764. ...irreverent and highly experimental covers of pre-existing compositions (among them Aram Khachaturian's "Sabre Dance"...
  70. ^ "Skyclad - Irrational Anthems". metal-archives.com. Encyclopaedia Metallum. Archived from the original on 9 April 2017. Sabre Dance (Aram Khachaturian cover)
  71. ^ "Vanessa-Mae Choreography". AllMusic. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  72. ^ Dominic, Serene (December 22, 2004). "Classified". Metro Times. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Bond has the same disregard for public domain as Barney the dinosaur and renamed "Sabre Dance" something far catchier like "High Strung."
  73. ^ Loftus, Johnny. "Bond Classified". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. "Highly Strung," for example, tries to marry Khachaturian's manic Sabre Dance to spy movie guitar and chattering electronics, the result being more garishly cartoonish than interpretive.
  74. ^ Joyce, Mike (14 April 2006). "TONY LEVIN "Resonator" Narada Jazz". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. ...a rhythmically stampeding progressive rock version of Khachaturian's "Sabre Dance,"...
  75. ^ a b "Aram Khachaturyan". IMDb. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  76. ^ "Notable Numbers: Patterns + Forms in Music" (PDF). charlottesymphony.org. Charlotte Symphony Orchestra. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2021.
  77. ^ "Happy Birthday Aram Khachaturian!". Armenian General Benevolent Union. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014.
  78. ^ AGBUvideo (6 June 2013). "Saber Dance on the Street: AGBU, APO and Emporium Celebrate 110th Anniversary of Aram Khachaturian". Retrieved 15 March 2017 – via YouTube.
  79. ^ Emporium Armenia (5 June 2013). "Sabre Dance on the Street. Սուսերով պար՝ փողոցում/ Suserov par". Retrieved 15 March 2017 – via YouTube.
  80. ^ Elliott, Stuart (January 13, 1994). "Advertising; Coke Adds Life to Its Diet Coke Ads". The New York Times. ...the Khatchaturian "Sabre Dance" from "One, Two, Three," Billy Wilder's 1961 comedy....
  81. ^ "Train dance from 1970 Soviet film "The Seven Brides of Corporal Zbruev"". Soviet Visuals on Twitter. August 24, 2016.
  82. ^ Eddie Robson (2003). Coen Brothers. London: Virgin Books. pp. 139–142. ISBN 1-57488-273-2.
  83. ^ Adams, Jeffrey (2015). The Cinema of the Coen Brothers: Hard-Boiled Entertainments. New York: Wallflower Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-231-17460-2. Khachaturian's 'Saber Dance' accompanies the lengthy Hula Hoop montage depicting the toy's highly efficient industrial development from design stage to manufacture and distribution, finally ending up on the hips of an All-American youngster who magically discovers the joys of Hula Hooping and ignites a craze that swept the US in the 1950s.
  84. ^ "The Work Song Nanocluster". IMDb.
  85. ^ Maiorana, Sal (2012). 100 Things Sabres Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die. Triumph Books. p. 22. ISBN 9781623680152.
  86. ^ Dunford, Jen; Bellas, Chrisanne (11 March 2011). "Opening the suggestion box". sabres.nhl.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. This signature song is still typically heard at various times during Sabres games, but many fans suggested a return to the tradition of playing the "Sabre Dance" when the team takes the ice. Beginning Sunday when the Sabres host the Senators, the song will be played when the team takes the ice prior to the second and third periods.
  87. ^ Vogl, John (11 March 2011). "Sabres putting a fan imprint on arena". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2014. Two topics generated significant chatter: music and the team logo. The Sabres will change the tune for their television opening, going from the Scorpions' "Hurricane 2000" to old franchise favorite "Sabre Dance," performed by violinist Vanessa Mae.
  88. ^ Wilson, Jonathan (22 October 2012). "Henrik Mkhitaryan orchestrates Shakhtar Donetsk's great leap forward". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Aram Khachaturian's Sabre Dance, the Armenian war dance played each time Mkhitaryan scores, may have become the most popular tune at the Donbass Arena this season ...
  89. ^ Wise, Brian (7 February 2014). "Anna Netrebko Performs at the Olympics Opening Ceremony". New York: WQXR-FM. Retrieved 28 August 2014. ...a snippet of Khachaturian's Saber Dance as Soviet-era cars whizzed around...
  90. ^ "Սոչի-2014. Առնո Բաբաջանյանի եւ Արամ Խաչատրյանի անմահ երաժշտությունը՝ բացման արարողությանը [Sochi 2014: Arno Babajanian's and Aram Khachaturian's music at the opening ceremony]". sport.news.am (in Armenian). 7 February 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014. Հնչեցին հատվածներ Բաբաջանյանի «Աշխարհի լավագույն քաղաքը» երգից եւ Խաչատրյանի «Սուսերով պարից»:
  91. ^ "Сезон 81/82". icetrio.ru (in Russian). "Ice Trio" official site of figure skaters Igor Bobrin, Natalia Bestemyanova and Andrey Bukin. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Звучит «Танец с саблями» Хачатуряна. Бестемьянова и Букин за 5-6 секунд рисуют на поле катка целую вязь красивых шагов.
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  93. ^ "BESTEMIANOVA N. & BUKIN A. 1981-1982 LP". YouTube. February 23, 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022.
  94. ^ "National Figure Skating Championships : Adair and Roca Lead All the Way and Dance to a Title". Los Angeles Times. (via Associated Press). February 8, 1986. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. ...Semanick-Gregory, whose exciting final program included a stirring "Sabre Dance."
  95. ^ "Debi Thomas 1986 Worlds EX". YouTube. December 24, 2006. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022.
  96. ^ "Debi Thomas 1987 World Figure Skating Championships Exhibition". YouTube. October 8, 2019. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022.
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