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Patella vulgata

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Patella vulgata
Common limpets1.jpg
Live Patella vulgata on a rock in Wales
Patella vulgata 01.JPG
Shell of Patella vulgata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Patellogastropoda
Family:
Patellidae
Genus:
Patella
Species:
P. vulgata
Binomial name
Patella vulgata
Synonyms[1]
  • Patella conica Anton, 1838
  • Patella hypsilotera Locard, 1892
  • Patella radiata Perry, 1811
  • Patella vulgata var. aurea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1906
  • Patella vulgata var. communis Brown, 1844
  • Patella vulgata var. elevata Jeffreys, 1865
  • Patella vulgata var. major Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1906
  • Patella vulgata var. secernenda Dautzenberg, 1887

Patella vulgata, common name the common limpet or common European limpet[2] is a species of sea snail. It is a typical true limpet; a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Patellidae, with gills.[1] This species occurs in the waters of Western Europe.

Discover more about Patella vulgata related topics

Common name

Common name

In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. A common name is sometimes frequently used, but that is not always the case.

Species

Species

In biology, a species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.

Sea snail

Sea snail

Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell.

Limpet

Limpet

Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended independently from different ancestral gastropods. This general category of conical shell is known as "patelliform" (dish-shaped). All members of the large and ancient marine clade Patellogastropoda are limpets. Within that clade, the members of the Patellidae family in particular are often referred to as "true limpets".

Family (biology)

Family (biology)

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".

Patellidae

Patellidae

Patellidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Patellogastropoda.

Europe

Europe

Europe is a continent comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.

Radula

The radula in this species is longer than the shell itself. It contains 1,920 teeth in 160 rows of 12 teeth each. Patella vulgata is found attached to firm substrates from the high shore to the edge of the sublittoral zone, although it predominates in areas of wave action. Its shell is conical, up to around 6 cm long, and lacks defined chirality. Common limpets are believed to be able to live for up to twenty years.[3]

Patella vulgata has been the focus of a range of scientific investigation, as far back as 1935.[4] Its development is well described[5] and it has been the focus of transcriptomic investigation, providing a range of genomic sequence data in this species for analysis.[6]

Their teeth are the strongest natural material known. A study published in the Royal Society journal in 2015 concluded that "the tensile strength of limpet teeth can reach values significantly higher than spider silk, considered to be currently the strongest biological material, and only comparable to the strongest commercial carbon fibres.” The material was able to withstand 4.9 GPa. This considerable tensile strength of limpet teeth is attributed to a high mineral volume fraction of reinforcing goethite nanofibres.[7][8][9][10][11]

Patella browsing marks
Patella browsing marks

Human consumption

The common limpet was formerly eaten in Ireland, especially during times of hunger such as the Great Famine of 1845–50; it was known to be very tough and had to be thoroughly boiled or roasted to be edible.[12] One Irish proverb said that "Mussels are the food of kings, limpets are the food of peasants."[13] Tomas O'Crohan described eating them in his memoir The Islandman.[14] They are also consumed in Asturias in Spain under the name "Llampares"

Source: "Patella vulgata", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, September 19th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patella_vulgata.

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Further Reading

Limpet

Patella pellucida

Patellogastropoda

Crepidula fornicata

Patellidae

Acroloxus lacustris

Diodora graeca

Cymbula adansonii

Cymbula granatina

Patella caerulea

Patella ferruginea

Patella lugubris

Patella rustica

Patella ulyssiponensis

Scutellastra cochlear

Emarginula fissura

Fissurellinae

Patella depressa
See also
Gallery
  • Shells of the common limpet from Wales

    Shells of the common limpet from Wales

  • Patella vulgata in litoral of Finistère, near Porspoder - the region affected by the Amoco Cadiz tanker disaster in 1978

    Patella vulgata in litoral of Finistère, near Porspoder - the region affected by the Amoco Cadiz tanker disaster in 1978

  • Drawing of the soft body and underside of the shell of Patella vulgata; a) foot b) fringed mantle c) tentacles d) mouth e) eyes f) gills

    Drawing of the soft body and underside of the shell of Patella vulgata; a) foot b) fringed mantle c) tentacles d) mouth e) eyes f) gills

  • Photograph of the soft body and underside

    Photograph of the soft body and underside

  • Radula of Patella vulgata; a) median teeth b) laterals c) uncini or marginals

    Radula of Patella vulgata; a) median teeth b) laterals c) uncini or marginals

  • Remains of a human meal, limpet shells from Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian layer of the Altamira cave. - MHNT

    Remains of a human meal, limpet shells from Cantabrian Lower Magdalenian layer of the Altamira cave. - MHNT

  • Patella vulgata in its natural habitat.

    Patella vulgata in its natural habitat.

References
  1. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2014). Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140685 on 2014-10-29
  2. ^ "Edible Molluscs Page 6". www.manandmollusc.net.
  3. ^ "Limpets". BritishSeaFishing.co.uk. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  4. ^ Smith, F (1935). "The Development of Patella vulgata". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 225 (520): 95–125. doi:10.1098/rstb.1935.0008.
  5. ^ Damen, Peter; Dictus, Wim J.A.G. (1994). "Cell Lineage of the Prototroch of Patella vulgata (Gastropoda, Mollusca)". Developmental Biology. 162 (2): 364–383. doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1094. PMID 8150201.
  6. ^ Werner, Gijsbert D. A.; Gemmell, Patrick; Grosser, Stefanie; Hamer, Rebecca; Shimeld, Sebastian M. (2013). "Analysis of a deep transcriptome from the mantle tissue of Patella vulgata Linnaeus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Patellidae) reveals candidate biomineralising genes". Marine Biotechnology. 15 (2): 230–243. doi:10.1007/s10126-012-9481-0. PMID 22865210. S2CID 1836313.
  7. ^ Asa H. Barber; Dun Lu & Nicola M. Pugno (2015). "Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Royal Society journal. 12 (105): 20141326. doi:10.1098/rsif.2014.1326. PMC 4387522. PMID 25694539.
  8. ^ Webb, Jonathan. "Limpet teeth set new strength record" BBC News, 18 February 2015. Archived February 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Sea Snail Teeth Top Spider Silk as Strongest Material on Earth". NBC News.
  10. ^ "Limpet teeth 'strongest material ever'" – via www.bbc.com.
  11. ^ "Limpet teeth rewrite record books" – via www.bbc.com.
  12. ^ Enright, Damien (August 18, 2008). "Enjoying a tasty treat from the salty sea". Irish Examiner.
  13. ^ "Slainte! Alive, Alive-Oh! | Irish America".
  14. ^ Crohan, Tomás Ó (June 28, 1978). The Islandman. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-281233-9 – via Google Books.
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