Get Our Extension
Select Wikiz in another Language
DeutschEspañolSuomiFrançaisעבריתItalianoNederlands
Settings
A
A
Text Highlights
Notes/Citations
Edit on Wikipedia

Share This Article

About Wikiz About Us Cookies Policy Terms & Services Privacy Policy Contact Contact us Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA
Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA

Novorossiya (confederation)

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Federal State of New Russia
  • Федеративное Государство Новороссия (Russian)
    Federativnoye Gosudarstvo Novorossiya
  • Федеративна Держава Новоросія (Ukrainian)
    Federatyvna Derzhava Novorosiia
Coat of arms of Novorossiya
Coat of arms
Motto: Воля и труд![1]
Volya i trud!
"Will and labor!"
Anthem: Живи, Новороссия!
Zhivi, Novorossiya!
"Live, New Russia!"
Dark green: Claimed territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics Light green: Extent of Novorossiyan claims
Dark green: Claimed territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics
Light green: Extent of Novorossiyan claims
StatusConfederation of unrecognized states
Largest cityDonetsk
Official languagesRussian, Ukrainian
Religion
Russian Orthodox (official)[2]
Membership Donetsk PR
 Luhansk PR
GovernmentProvisional confederation
• Speaker of the Parliament (2014—2015)
Oleg Tsaryov[3]
Denis Pushilin
Leonid Pasechnik
Historical eraRusso-Ukrainian War
• Declared
22 May 2014
• Suspended
20 May 2015 (de facto)
CurrencyRussian ruble
Time zoneUTC+03:00 (Moscow Time[4])
Driving sideright

Novorossiya or New Russia (Russian: Новороссия, IPA: [nəvɐˈrosʲɪjə]; Ukrainian: Новоросія, romanized: Novorosiia, [novoroˈsijɐ]), also referred to as the Union of People's Republics (Russian: Союз народных республик, tr. Soyuz narodnykh respublik, IPA: [sɐˈjuz nɐˈroːdnɨx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]; Ukrainian: Союз народних республік, romanized: Soiuz narodnykh respublik, [soˈjuz nɐˈrodnɪx resˈpublik]) was a project[5][6] of a confederation of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) in Eastern Ukraine, both of which were under the control of pro-Russian separatists at the time.[7]

The concept of "Novorossiya" emerged in public discourse along with the beginning of conflict in east Ukraine. Referring to the historic Novorossiya, a former imperial Russian territory conquered from the Cossacks and the Ottomans in which Russian settlers were encouraged to settle,[8] Russia promoted this New Russia concept as a new identity for the Ukrainian breakaway republics of Donetsk and Luhansk.

The two constituent republics of the proposed confederation had limited diplomatic recognition, while the Ukrainian government classified them as terrorist groups and initially referred to their territory as the Anti-terrorist Operation Zone.[9][10] The creation of Novorossiya was declared on 22 May 2014,[2] and one month later spokesmen of both republics declared their merger into a confederal "Union of People's Republics".[11] Within a year, the project was suspended: on 1 January 2015, founding leadership announced the project has been put on hold, and on 20 May the constituent members announced the freezing of the political project.[12][13]

Discover more about Novorossiya (confederation) related topics

Russian language

Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union.

Romanization of Ukrainian

Romanization of Ukrainian

The romanization of Ukrainian, or Latinization of Ukrainian, is the representation of the Ukrainian language in Latin letters. Ukrainian is natively written in its own Ukrainian alphabet, which is based on the Cyrillic script. Romanization may be employed to represent Ukrainian text or pronunciation for non-Ukrainian readers, on computer systems that cannot reproduce Cyrillic characters, or for typists who are not familiar with the Ukrainian keyboard layout. Methods of romanization include transliteration and transcription.

Romanization of Russian

Romanization of Russian

The romanization of the Russian language, aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN). In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout, such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic.

Confederation

Confederation

A confederation is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members. Confederalism represents a main form of intergovernmentalism, defined as any form of interaction around states that takes place on the basis of sovereign independence or government.

Donetsk People's Republic

Donetsk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

Luhansk People's Republic

Luhansk People's Republic

The Luhansk People's Republic or Lugansk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Luhansk Oblast, with its capital in Luhansk. The LPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

Eastern Ukraine

Eastern Ukraine

Eastern Ukraine or east Ukraine is primarily the territory of Ukraine east of the Dnipro river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (provinces). Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are often also regarded as "eastern Ukraine". In regard to traditional territories, the area encompasses portions of the southern Sloboda Ukraine, Donbas, the eastern Azov Littoral (Pryazovia).

Novorossiya

Novorossiya

Novorossiya, literally "New Russia", is a historical name, used during the era of the Russian Empire for an administrative area that would later become the southern mainland of Ukraine: the region immediately north of the Black Sea and Crimea. The province fell largely within a slightly wider area known in Ukrainian as the Stepovyna "Steppe Land", or Nyz "Lower Land". The name Novorossiya entered official usage in 1764, after the Russian Empire conquered the Crimean Khanate, and annexed its territories, when Novorossiya Governorate was founded. Official usage of the name ceased after 1917, when the entire area was incorporated in the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Cossacks

Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Ukraine and southern Russia. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic-speaking Orthodox Christians. The Cossacks were particularly noted for holding democratic traditions. The rulers of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire endowed Cossacks with certain special privileges in return for the military duty to serve in the irregular troops. The various Cossack groups were organized along military lines, with large autonomous groups called hosts. Each host had a territory consisting of affiliated villages called stanitsa.

Ottoman Turks

Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks, were a Turkic ethnic group. They founded the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern Era and remained sociopolitically the most dominant group in the Empire for the duration.

International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) are two Russian civilian-military administrative regimes in the Donbas region of Ukraine. Russia claims to have annexed them, although it only occupies part of their claimed territories as of November 2022, and treats them as its federal subjects. Before October 2022, they claimed independence from Ukraine, although the international community continues to consider them part of Ukraine's sovereign territory.

List of designated terrorist groups

List of designated terrorist groups

Several national governments and two international organizations have created lists of organizations that they designate as terrorist. The following list of designated terrorist groups lists groups designated as terrorist by current and former national governments, and inter-governmental organizations. Such designations have often had a significant effect on the groups' activities. Many organizations that have been designated as terrorist have denied using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the legal definition of terrorism. Some organisations have multiple parts or components, one or more of which may be designated as terrorist while others are not.

Background

The historical Novorossiya was a territory of the Russian Empire formed from the Crimean Khanate and the Zaporozhian Sich, which was under a mutual condominium of the Russian Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The territory had been annexed several years after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca concluded the Russo-Turkish War in 1774. Novorossiya initially included today's Southern Ukraine as well as some parts of today's Russia such as Kuban. The modern Russian Black Sea coast that was occupied by the Russian Tsardom from native Circassians under the military protection of the Ottoman Empire was not conquered until 1829 and was ceded to Russia in the 1829 Treaty of Adrianople.

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was invoked during the war in Donbas (started 2014), when the legislature of the unrecognized separatist Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) adopted a memorandum on 5 February 2015 declaring itself the successor to the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, and Artyom as a founding father.[14]

The region was soon colonized by Ukrainian, Romanian, Russian, German, Greek, Bulgarian, Jewish, and other settlers. The major cities were Odesa, Kherson, Mykolaiv, and Novorossiisk (now called Dnipro). In 1802, the governorate of Novorossiya was split into three governorates.

Most of the 18th century Novorossiya was incorporated in 1917 into the newly proclaimed Ukrainian People's Republic. After the defeat of pro-independence Ukrainians in the Ukrainian–Soviet War, the Soviet government confirmed that Southern Ukraine was part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

The Novorossiya movement made its appearance in Odesa in August 1990. The movement, known as the Democratic Union of Novorossiya, argued that given the separate ethnos of the region it should have an autonomous status within a federated Ukrainian state. It campaigned for "special state status" within "the historical boundaries of Novorossiya" (at the time Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk, and Crimean Oblasts, and also part of the Dniester region of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic).[15]: 59  It failed, however, to gain popular support.[16]

In September 1990, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn published an article in opposition to the cultural partition of Ukraine and Russia in which he references "Novorossiya", i.e., "including those regions which have never been part of the traditional Ukraine: the 'wild steppe' of the nomads – the later 'New Russia' – as well as the Crimea, the Donbass area, and the lands stretching east almost to the Caspian Sea". He argues that "self-determination of peoples" requires that a nation must resolve issues of identity for itself.[17]

By November 1991, representatives from the Odesa, Kherson, Mykolaiv, and Crimean Oblasts had met in Odesa to discuss the question of forming a new state, "Novorossiya". This was necessitated, they explained, by the growth of "nationalist tendencies" in Ukraine, its increasing isolationism, and diminishing ties with Russia.[15]: 60 

A rally in support of Novorossiya in Moscow on 11 June 2014
A rally in support of Novorossiya in Moscow on 11 June 2014

Three days after the 1 December 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, the mayor of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, argued that Russia had handed over to Ukraine "a whole series of Russian provinces, the so-called Novorossiya, whose population is for the most part Russian" and that the Russian minority in Ukraine was threatened with forcible "Ukrainianisation".[15]: 48  Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union,[18] the term "Novorossiya" began to be used again in calls for the independence or secession of regions of Ukraine corresponding to different areas.[19]

As late as September 1992, in Odesa, several organizations such as the Civic Movement of Odesa, Rus', the Socialist Party, and Novorossiya were campaigning for the establishment of a separate Novorossiyan region, the exact borders of which were still being debated.[3]

In June 1994, the chairman of Transnistria's Supreme Council made a reference to Crimea, Odesa and other oblasts as "Novorossiya".[20]

Pavel Gubarev (left) at the 90th-anniversary celebration of the Donetsk Museum of Local Lore, 24 December 2014
Pavel Gubarev (left) at the 90th-anniversary celebration of the Donetsk Museum of Local Lore, 24 December 2014

After the Orange Revolution, Dmitri Trenin of the Carnegie Moscow Center wrote that in 2005 and again in 2008 some quarters in Moscow, that were not entirely academic, discussed the idea of a Russia-friendly buffer state, "Novorossiya", being formed out of Southern Ukraine from the Crimea to Odesa in response to perceived Western penetration into the former Soviet Union.[21] However, the schema was not encouraged due to perceived waning of the Orange movement.[22]

The idea persisted on the political margins within Ukraine and Russia until resurfaced in spring 2014.[22] As part of Ukrainian-Russian conflict, after successful annexation of Crimea Russia subsequently intervened in eastern Ukraine, exploiting unrest therein agitating and lending support for separatism. In April, after Russian backed separatists seized administration buildings in Donbas the term "Novorossiya" has been brought up often.[19][23] On 17 April, during talks in Geneva on resolving the crisis, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated at a question and answer session that even "in the tsarist days – Kharkov, Lugansk, Donetsk, Kherson, Nikolayev and Odessa – were not part of Ukraine"[24] but part of Novorossiya, and that they had been irresponsibly ceded to Ukraine[24][25] (in fact, the city of Kharkiv and surroundings never belonged to the historical Novorossiya, but to Sloboda Ukraine).[26][27]

On 29 August 2014, President Putin issued a statement addressed to the "Militia of Novorossiya" calling upon it to show humanitarian compassion and allow surrounded Ukrainian soldiers to withdraw and reunite with their families. This was the last official statement by Putin addressing "Novorossiya".[28]

Discover more about Background related topics

Novorossiya

Novorossiya

Novorossiya, literally "New Russia", is a historical name, used during the era of the Russian Empire for an administrative area that would later become the southern mainland of Ukraine: the region immediately north of the Black Sea and Crimea. The province fell largely within a slightly wider area known in Ukrainian as the Stepovyna "Steppe Land", or Nyz "Lower Land". The name Novorossiya entered official usage in 1764, after the Russian Empire conquered the Crimean Khanate, and annexed its territories, when Novorossiya Governorate was founded. Official usage of the name ceased after 1917, when the entire area was incorporated in the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Crimean Khanate

Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate, self defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441, it was regarded as the direct heir to the Golden Horde and to Desht-i-Kipchak.

Kuban

Kuban

Kuban is a historical and geographical region in the North Caucasus region in southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, the Volga Delta and separated from the Crimean Peninsula to the west by the Kerch Strait. Krasnodar Krai is often referred to as Kuban, both officially and unofficially, although the term is not exclusive to the krai and also accommodates the republics of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, and parts of Stavropol Krai.

Black Sea

Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper, and Don. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe.

Circassians

Circassians

The Circassians are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire in the 19th century during the Russo-Circassian War, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland in Circassia to modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East, where the majority of them are concentrated today. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated in the early 1990s that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries.

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic

Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic

The Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic or Donetsk–Kryvyi Rih Soviet Republic was a self-declared Soviet republic of the Russian SFSR proclaimed on 12 February 1918. It was founded three days after the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) signed its Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, which recognised the borders of the UPR. Lenin did not support the creation of the entity and neither did Sverdlov. Some other Bolsheviks like Elena Stasova, however, sent a telegraph of best wishes.

Donetsk People's Republic

Donetsk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

Fyodor Sergeyev

Fyodor Sergeyev

Fyodor Andreyevich Sergeyev, better known as Comrade Artyom, was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician, agitator, and journalist. He was a close friend of Sergei Kirov and Joseph Stalin. Sergeyev was an ideologist of the Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.

Odesa

Odesa

Odesa is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 1,010,537. On January 25, 2023, its historic city centre was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in recognition of its influence on cinema, literature, and the arts. The declaration was made in response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city.

Kherson

Kherson

Kherson is a port city of Ukraine that serves as the administrative centre of Kherson Oblast. Located on the Black Sea and on the Dnieper River, Kherson is the home of a major ship-building industry and is a regional economic centre. It has a population of 279,131

Mykolaiv

Mykolaiv

Mykolaiv is a city and municipality in southern Ukraine, and the administrative center of Mykolaiv Oblast. The city of Mykolaiv, which provides Ukraine with access to the Black Sea, is the location of the most downriver bridge crossing of the Southern Bug river. This city is one of the main shipbuilding centers of the Black Sea. Aside from three shipyards within the city, there are a number of research centers specializing in shipbuilding such as the State Research and Design Shipbuilding Center, Zoria-Mashproekt and others. As of 2022, the city has a population of 470,011. Mykolaiv holds the honorary title Hero City of Ukraine.

History

Main article: War in Donbas (2014–2022)

As part of Russia hybrid warfare in Ukraine on 17 April 2014 Russian President Vladimir Putin launched his concept of the historic Novorossiya,[29] giving legitimacy to the nascent separatist movement when he described the Donbas as part of the historic "New Russia" (Novorossiya) region, and issued a statement of bewilderment as how the region had ever become part of Ukraine in 1922 with the foundation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.[30] Few weeks earlier, Putin used similar language when referring to Crimea, which ended with its annexation.[31]

Formation

The New Russia Party, founded on 13 May 2014 in Donetsk, Ukraine,[32] declared on its first congress of 22 May 2014 the formation of a new self-declared state named "Novorossiya", inspired by the historical region of the Russian Empire that carried that name. The congress was attended by separatist officials of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Donbas People's Militia as well as by the Donetsk Republic leader Pavel Gubarev, ultranationalist/Stalinist writer Alexander Prokhanov,[33] Eurasianist political scientist and Eurasia Party leader Aleksandr Dugin, and Valery Korovin [ru]. According to Gubarev the state would include Kharkiv (not part of historical Novorossiya), Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia and possibly Sumy (which was later removed from Gubarev's plans).[34][35][36] Two days later, the self-appointed "Prime Minister" of Donetsk Alexander Borodai and Luhansk "head of the Republic" Aleksey Karyakin signed a document behind closed doors formalizing their merger into the new confederation.[37] It was also proposed to have Transnistria and Gagauzia join Novorossiya. In an interview on 31 May, Denis Pushilin, then acting as head of state of the Donetsk People's Republic, stated that Novorossiya currently existed as a union of people's republics, but cooperation could be deepened if more territories were to join.[38] On 24 June, the two separatist republics proclaimed their accession to the union of people's republics, and at the second plenum of the new Parliament of Novorossiya on 15 July, the confederation adopted the official name of Novorossiya.[39] Since the 2 November 2014 Donbas general elections, the Parliament has not gathered again.[12]

Parallel December 2014 declaration

On 12 December 2014, a "Congress of Deputies of All Levels" led by former DPR deputy foreign minister Boris Borisov, alongside figures such as Pavel Gubarev, issued a renewed declaration of the state sovereignty of the "Union of Sovereign Republics" of Novorossiya, claiming it to be an amendment of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR.[40][41] In contrast to the May agreement, the new declaration aimed to build a new executive "from scratch".[41] An official of the DPR responded that although Borisov was well-intentioned, his initiative did not have the material backing necessary for success.[41]

Suspension of the project

On 20 May 2015, supporters of the LNR and the DNR officially announced the freezing of the "New Russia" project and the closure of the related structures of political technology. Oleg Tsaryov, chairman of the movement "New Russia", said that the activities of the Joint Parliament of Novorossiya are frozen because the confederation did not comply with the Minsk II accords.[12][42] On 11 May 2014, a referendum on self-determination in eight regions (Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Kharkiv, Kherson, and Donetsk) was not held as expected, but only in the Luhansk and Donetsk republics. On 24 May 2014, delegates from these eight regions created the Joint Parliament of New Russia; however, this proved to be only virtual as the political structure was unclaimed: the expected delegation of representatives did not occur, leading to the curtailment of the Parliament initiative.

The status of Novorossiya came into dispute on 26 May 2014, when according to Valery Bolotov, "none of the agreements have been concluded" but the intention is to form a "Union of People's Republics".[43] On 1 January 2015, former Donetsk Republic Prime Minister Alexander Borodai, who resigned on 7 August 2014,[44] stated that "there is no Novorossiya" and that the proposed state was a "dream that was not brought to life" and called it a false start.[45] On 8 June 2015, the leaders of the DPR and the LPR submitted their proposed changes to the Constitution of Ukraine that, while calling for wide autonomy of the Donbas region, conceded them as territories of Ukraine. No change was proposed regarding the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea as part of Ukraine, considering the status of Crimea outside their purview. This was imputed by news agencies as a recognition by the leaders of the DPR and the LPR of Ukrainian sovereignty over Crimea.[46] Given this interpretation, these changes were withdrawn within hours,[47] and on 15 June 2015, DPR "Prime Minister" Alexander Zakharchenko claimed that the DPR "will never be part of Ukraine".[48]

In mid-June 2015, Igor Girkin said that the situation in Novorossiya was a "colossal failure" no one knew how to patch up and that the plan was to negotiate the return of the autonomous regions of Donetsk and Luhansk to Ukraine in return for Ukraine's de facto acceptance of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the gradual withdrawal of sanctions, and the return of all other territories to their previous condition. According to Girkin, should such a "wonderful" plan be realized, Ukraine would become a federal state. "Consequently, in such a manner, a safety catch would be put in place for its entry into NATO. Russia would get leverage over Kyiv in the form of the autonomous regions, and everything would settle down."[49] On 9 June 2016, an anonymous Russian businessman averred that the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 forfeited any chance to create the confederation.[50]

Similar proposal

A project was declared on 18 July 2017 by the Donetsk People's Republic to include all of Ukraine, but the name was changed to "Malorossiya" (Little Russia).[51][52] The Luhansk People's Republic, however, stated that it would not be taking part in the project. The announcement was widely condemned by nations, including Russia, which pointed to the Minsk agreement.[53]

2022

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia occupied a significant portion of the territory that is proposed as "Novorossiya". Some areas of the Mykolaiv, Kherson, Kharkiv, and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts are currently occupied. Russia has created civilian military administrations in the Kherson, Mykolaiv, Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts. From 23–27 September 2022, Russia held annexation referendums in the Donetsk People’s Republic, Luhansk People’s Republic, Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast regarding accession to the Russian Federation, however the Ukrainian government considers these referendums illegitimate.[54]

Discover more about History related topics

Donetsk

Donetsk

Donetsk, formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka, Stalin and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast. The population was estimated at 901,645 in the city core, with over 2 million in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.

Alexander Prokhanov

Alexander Prokhanov

Alexander Andreyevich Prokhanov is a Russian writer, a member of the secretariat of the Writers Union of the Russian Federation and the author of more than 30 novels and short story collections. He is the editor-in-chief of Russia's extreme-right newspaper Zavtra, that combines ultranationalist and anti-capitalist views.

Eurasianism

Eurasianism

Eurasianism is a political movement in Russia which states that Russia does not belong in the "European" or "Asian" categories but instead to the geopolitical concept of Eurasia governed by the "Russian world", forming an ostensibly standalone Russian civilization. Historically, the Russian Empire was Euro-centric and generally considered a European/Western power.

Eurasia Party

Eurasia Party

The Eurasia Party is a Russian political party. It was registered by the Ministry of Justice on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after the pan-Russian Eurasia Movement was established by Aleksandr Dugin.

Aleksandr Dugin

Aleksandr Dugin

Aleksandr Gelyevich Dugin is a Russian political philosopher, analyst, and strategist, known for views widely characterized as fascist.

Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast, also referred to as Kharkivshchyna, is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

Kherson Oblast

Kherson Oblast

Kherson Oblast, also known as Khersonshchyna, is an oblast (province) in southern Ukraine. It is located just north of Crimea. Its administrative center is Kherson, on the west bank of the Dnieper which bisects the oblast. The area of the region is 28,461 km2 and the population 1,001,598. It is considered the 'fruit basket' of the country, as much of its agricultural production is dispersed throughout the country, with production peaking during the summer months.

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna, is an oblast (province) of southeastern Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a population of about 3,096,485, approximately 80% of whom live centering on administrative centers: Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamianske, Nikopol and Pavlohrad. The Dnieper River runs through the oblast.

Alexander Borodai

Alexander Borodai

Alexander Yurevich Borodai is a Russian member of the State Duma of the 8th convocation for the party United Russia. Borodai was Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in 2014 after the Donetsk People's Republic declared its independence from Ukraine on 12 May 2014, Borodai was appointed as Prime Minister by the republic's Supreme Council on May 16, 2014. Borodai, a Russian citizen, had earlier worked as a political adviser to Sergey Aksyonov, the prime minister of the Republic of Crimea. On 7 August 2014, Borodai announced his resignation. He was succeeded by Alexander Zakharchenko; under Zakharchenko, Borodai became Deputy Prime Minister.

Aleksey Karyakin

Aleksey Karyakin

Aleksey Vyacheslavovych Karyakin, born 7 April 1980 in Stakhanov is a former Chairman of the People's Council (parliament) of the unrecognized state of Luhansk People's Republic. He was voted out on 25 March 2016.

Gagauzia

Gagauzia

Gagauzia or Gagauz-Yeri, officially the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia (ATUG), is an autonomous territorial unit of Moldova. Its autonomy is ethnically motivated by the predominance in the region of the Gagauz people, who are primarily Orthodox Turkic-speaking people.

Denis Pushilin

Denis Pushilin

Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin is a politician from the Donbas region, who is serving as the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) since 2018. He holds the position in acting capacity ever since the Russian annexation of the DPR in 2022.

Military

Main article: Russian separatist forces in Donbas

The Armed Forces of Novorossiya were composed of the Donbas People's Militia[55][56] and the LPR People's Militia (formerly known as the Army of the South-East).

The militias of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic merged into one force on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[57]

It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Government of Ukraine and was accused of the downing of a civil aircraft, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.

Discover more about Military related topics

List of designated terrorist groups

List of designated terrorist groups

Several national governments and two international organizations have created lists of organizations that they designate as terrorist. The following list of designated terrorist groups lists groups designated as terrorist by current and former national governments, and inter-governmental organizations. Such designations have often had a significant effect on the groups' activities. Many organizations that have been designated as terrorist have denied using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the legal definition of terrorism. Some organisations have multiple parts or components, one or more of which may be designated as terrorist while others are not.

Government of Ukraine

Government of Ukraine

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Government of Ukraine, is the highest body of state executive power in Ukraine. As Cabinet of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, it was formed on 18 April 1991, by the Law of Ukrainian SSR No.980-XII. Vitold Fokin was approved as the first Prime Minister of Ukraine.

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17) was a scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down by Russian-controlled forces on 17 July 2014, while flying over eastern Ukraine. All 283 passengers and 15 crew were killed. Contact with the aircraft, a Boeing 777-200ER, was lost when it was about 50 km (31 mi) from the Ukraine–Russia border, and wreckage from the aircraft fell near Hrabove in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 40 km (25 mi) from the border. The shoot-down occurred during the war in Donbas over territory controlled by Russian separatist forces.

International recognition

No sovereign state of the United Nations has recognized Novorossiya as a sovereign state or political entity. The two constituent republics, the Luhansk People's Republic and the Donetsk People's Republic, are only recognized by three United Nations members, Russia (since 21 February 2022), Syria (since 29 June 2022), North Korea (since 13 July 2022), as well as by the de facto states of South Ossetia (since 2014)[58][59][60] and Abkhazia (since 25 February 2022).

Discover more about International recognition related topics

Sovereign state

Sovereign state

A sovereign state is a state that has the highest jurisdiction over a territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, a government not under another, and has the capacity to interact with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is independent.

United Nations

United Nations

The United Nations (UN), particularly informally also referred to as the United Nations Organization (UNO), is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York City, and has other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.

Russia

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of over 147 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan.

Syria

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary republic that consists of 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Circassians, Armenians, Albanians, Greeks, and Chechens. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis. The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Sunni Muslims are the largest religious group. Syria is the only country that is governed by Ba'athists, who advocate Arab socialism and Arab nationalism. Syria is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.

North Korea

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.

List of states with limited recognition

List of states with limited recognition

A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have de facto control of their territory. A number of such entities have existed in the past.

South Ossetia

South Ossetia

South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of 3,900 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi), on the south side of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali. Only Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign state. Although Georgia does not control South Ossetia, the Georgian government and the United Nations consider the territory part of Georgia.

Abkhazia

Abkhazia

Abkhazia, officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It lies on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in northwestern Georgia. It is recognised by most countries as part of the latter. It covers 8,665 square kilometres (3,346 sq mi) and has a population of around 245,000. Its capital and largest city is Sukhumi.

Controversy

Russian dissidents Aleksandr Skobov and Andrey Piontkovsky commented that in its political features (nationalism, imperialism) the entity has similarities to 20th-century fascist movements.[61][62]

Discover more about Controversy related topics

Andrey Piontkovsky

Andrey Piontkovsky

Andrey Andreyevich Piontkovsky is a Russian scientist and political writer and analyst, a member of International PEN Club. He is a former member of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council.

Russian nationalism

Russian nationalism

Russian nationalism is a form of nationalism that promotes Russian cultural identity and unity. Russian nationalism first rose to prominence in the early 19th century, and from its origin in the Russian Empire, to its repression during early Bolshevik rule, and its revival in the Soviet Union, it was closely related to pan-Slavism.

Russian imperialism

Russian imperialism

Russian imperialism includes the policy and ideology of power exerted by Russia, as well as its antecedent states, over other countries and external territories. This includes the conquests of the Russian Empire, the imperial actions of the Soviet Union, as well as those of the modern Russian Federation.

Source: "Novorossiya (confederation)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 1st), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation).

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

Download Extension

Further Reading

Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic

2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

Donetsk People's Republic

Timeline of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

Russian people's militias in Ukraine

Denis Pushilin

War in Donbas (2014–2022)

Luhansk People's Republic

New Russia Party

Minsk agreements

Novorossiya

Russian irredentism

Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic

Russian-occupied territories

Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations

Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts

Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War
See also
References
  1. ^ Gubarev, Pavel (2016). "Воля и труд!". Факел Новороссии [The Torch of New Russia] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Piter. ISBN 978-5-496-02041-1. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019 – via WikiReading.
  2. ^ a b Babiak, Mat (23 May 2014). "Welcome to New Russia". Ukrainian Policy. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Federal State of Novorossiya / Union of People's Republics". GlobalSecurity.org. 27 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  4. ^ "DPR and LPR switch over to Moscow time". TASS. 26 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  5. ^ "Why the Kremlin Is Shutting Down the Novorossiya Project".
  6. ^ "The Novorossiya Project". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  7. ^ "'Many Russians' fighting in Ukraine". BBC News. 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  8. ^ Senkus, Roman (1993). "New Russia gubernia". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol. 3. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  9. ^ "Ukraine's prosecutor general classifies self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk republics as terrorist organizations". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  10. ^ Самопроголошені республіки у Донецькій та Луганській областях кваліфіковано як терористичні організації [The self-proclaimed republics in the Donetsk and Lugansk oblasts classified as terrorist organizations]. gp.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  11. ^ Babiak, Mat (24 June 2014). "Terrorist organizations declare New Russian "Union of People's Republics"". Euromaidan Press. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  12. ^ a b c "Russian-backed 'Novorossiya' breakaway movement collapses". Ukraine Today. 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
    Dergachev, Vladimir; Kirillov, Dmitry (20 May 2015). Проект «Новороссия» закрыт [Project "New Russia" is closed]. Gazeta.Ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  13. ^ Andrei, Kolesnikov (29 May 2015). "Why the Kremlin Is Shutting Down the Novorossiya Project". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  14. ^ "The DPR became a legal successor of the Donetsk-Krivoy-Rog Republic". Novorossia Today. 5 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  15. ^ a b c Solchanyk, Roman (1994). "The Politics of State Building: Centre–Periphery Relations in Post‐Soviet Ukraine". Europe-Asia Studies. 46 (1): 47–68. doi:10.1080/09668139408412149. S2CID 154417765.
  16. ^ Heenan, Patrick; Lamontagne, Monique, eds. (1999). The CIS Handbook. Chicago; London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 1-57958-088-2. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  17. ^ Solzhenitsyn, Alexander (1991). Rebuilding Russia: Reflections and Tentative Proposals. Translated by Klimoff, Alexis. London: Harvill. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-00-272157-8.
  18. ^ Prokhorov, A. M., ed. (2000). Ст. Донецко-Криворожская советская республика. Большой энциклопедический словарь [Great Encyclopedic Dictionary] (in Russian) (2nd revised and expanded ed.). Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  19. ^ a b Kinstler, Linda (7 April 2014). "Protesters in Eastern Ukraine Are Chanting "Novorossiya", an Old Term That's Back in Vogue". The New Republic. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  20. ^ Center for Strategic and International Studies (1997). Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Sullivan, Paige (eds.). Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe. p. 639. ISBN 978-1-56324-637-1.
  21. ^ Trenin, Dmitri (2011). Post-Imperium: A Eurasian Story (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-87003-248-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2014.
  22. ^ a b Gerard Toal (2017). Near Abroad: Putin, the West and the Contest Over Ukraine and the Caucasus. Oxford University Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-19025-330-1.
  23. ^ ‘Novorossiya,’ the latest historical concept to worry about in Ukraine, Adam Taylor, April 18, 2014
  24. ^ a b "Direct Line with Vladimir Putin". kremlin.ru. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  25. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (17 April 2014). "Putin asserts right to use force in east Ukraine". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  26. ^ Plokhy, Serhii (2005). Unmaking Imperial Russia: Mykhailo Hrushevsky and the Writing of Ukrainian History. Toronto; Bufallo; London: University of Toronto Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8020-3937-8. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  27. ^ Sakwa, Richard (2014). Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-85773-804-2. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
  28. ^ "President of Russia Vladimir Putin addressed Novorossiya militia". kremlin.ru. 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  29. ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (18 April 2021). "What Is Putin's 'New Russia'?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  30. ^ Freedman, Lawrence (December 2014). "Ukraine and the Art of Limited War". Survival. 56 (6): 13. doi:10.1080/00396338.2014.985432. S2CID 154981360.
  31. ^ Putin’s “Greater Novorossiya” – The Dismemberment of Ukraine
  32. ^ "Donetsk announces creation of Novorossiya Party". Kyiv Post. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  33. ^ Young, Cathy (21 May 2014). "Fascism Comes to Ukraine -- From Russia". RealClearPolitics. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  34. ^ У Донецьку створили партію "Новоросія" [In Donetsk the party "New Russia" has been founded]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  35. ^ "Ukraine crisis timeline". BBC News. 8 May 2014. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  36. ^ Луганская и Донецкая республики объединились в Новороссию [The Luhansk and Donetsk republics united to Novorossiya]. novorossia.su (in Russian). Novorossia News Agency. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  37. ^ СМИ: Террористы из "ДНР" и "ЛНР" объединились [Mass media: Terrorists from the "DPR" and the "LPR" have united] (in Russian). UNIAN. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  38. ^ Интервью Дениса Пушилина журналистам Washington Post 31 мая [Interview of Denis Pushilin with Washington Post journalists, 31 May] (in Russian). Novorossia News Agency. 1 June 2014. 12 minutes in. Archived from the original on 17 May 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2014 – via YouTube.
  39. ^ Парламент Союза народных республик принял конституцию Новороссии (in Russian). TASS. 15 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  40. ^ В самопровозглашенных республиках Донбасса приняли "Декларацию о госсуверенитете Новороссии". Dialog.ua (in Russian). 14 December 2014. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  41. ^ a b c Dergachev, Vladimir (19 January 2015). Сепаратисты готовят замену ополченцам. Gazeta.Ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  42. ^ Царьов офіційно визнав крах "проекту Новоросія" [Tsaryov officially acknowledges the collapse of the "Novorossiya project"] (in Ukrainian). 5 Kanal. 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  43. ^ В.Болотов опроверг информацию об объединении ЛНР и ДНР в Новороссию [V.Bolotov denied the merger of the LNR and the DNR in Novorossiya]. OstroV (in Russian). 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  44. ^ Olearchyk, Roman (7 August 2014). "Rebel leader quits Donetsk amid infighting". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  45. ^ "Ex-prime minister of unrecognized Donetsk republic: There's no 'Novorossiya', but a false start". Belsat TV. 2 January 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  46. ^ Holodny, Elena (9 June 2015). "The pro-Russia separatist regions just named Crimea as a part of Ukraine". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  47. ^ Parfitt, Tom (10 June 2015). "Ukraine rebels U-turn on non-recognition of Russian rule over Crimea". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  48. ^ Захарченко, оправдываясь, признался, что его боевики ведут обстрелы с территории школы. InfoResist (in Russian). 15 June 2015. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  49. ^ Стрелков заявил о фиаско проекта "Новороссия" [Strelkov announced the fiasco of the "New Russia" project] (in Russian). Rosbalt. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  50. ^ Loiko, Sergei (1 June 2016). "The Unraveling of Moscow's 'Novorossia' Dream". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  51. ^ Litvinova, Daria (18 July 2017). "Separatists in Ukraine declare creation of new 'state' Malorossiya". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  52. ^ "Ukraine Separatists Criticized Over Call For Creation Of 'Little Russia'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  53. ^ "Malorossiya project is personal initiative of self-proclaimed republic's leader — Kremlin". TASS. 18 July 2017. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  54. ^ "Russia moves to formally annex swathes of Ukraine". Reuters. 20 September 2022.
  55. ^ Жители Славянска поддержали "Народное ополчение Донбасса". Vzglyad (in Russian). 12 April 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  56. ^ Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области [Protests in Sloviansk, Donetsk Oblast] (in Russian). TASS. 13 April 2014. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  57. ^ ДНР и ЛНР приступили к созданию Армии Новороссии. novorossia.su (in Russian). Novorossia News Agency. 16 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  58. ^ "South Ossetia Recognizes 'Luhansk People's Republic'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RES. 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  59. ^ "South Ossetia recognizes Donetsk People's Republic". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 28 June 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  60. ^ Rainsford, Sarah (21 February 2022). "Russia recognises Ukraine separatist regions". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  61. ^ Skobov, Aleksandr (21 July 2014). Реконструкция ада [Reconstruction of hell]. Grani.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  62. ^ Piontkovsky, Andrey (18 July 2014). Июльские БУКи [July BUKs]. Kasparov.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federal State of New Russia.

Coordinates: 48°00′10″N 37°48′19″E / 48.0028°N 37.8053°E / 48.0028; 37.8053

Categories

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.