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Maria Gaidar

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Maria Gaidar
Мария Гайдар
Maria Gaidar.jpg
Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg Advisor to President of Ukraine
In office
28 March 2017 – 17 May 2019
PresidentPetro Poroshenko
Deputy of the Odessa Oblast of the council
In office
30 May 2015 – 11 June 2018
Vice-Governor of Odessa Oblast
In office
17 July 2015 – 10 May 2016
PresidentPetro Poroshenko
GovernorMikheil Saakashvili
Deputy governor of Kirov Oblast
In office
23 July 2009 – 8 June 2011
PresidentDmitry Medvedev
GovernorNikita Belykh
Personal details
Born
Maria Yegorovna Smirnova

(1982-10-21) 21 October 1982 (age 40)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Parent(s)Yegor Gaidar (deceased)
Irina Smirnova
Occupationpolitician

Maria Yegorovna Gaidar (Russian: Мари́я Его́ровна Гайда́р, Ukrainian: Марія Єгорівна Гайдар; 1990–2004 Smirnova (Russian: Смирно́ва);[1] born 21 October 1982) is a Russian and Ukrainian state and public figure and politician.

She has been Deputy of the Odessa regional council since 30 May 2015, and external adviser to the President of Ukraine since 28 March 2017 to 17 May 2019.[2]

In the past, Advisor to the Chairman of the Odessa regional state administration in social protection and health (2015[3][4]–2016), then the Deputy head of administration of Odessa region on social issues (January–May 2016). The founder of the Fund of social support of population, "Social demand"[5] on 16 July 2015a – head of the Fund,.[6] The Deputy Prime Minister of the Kirov region of Russia (2009—2011).[7]

Discover more about Maria Gaidar related topics

Russian language

Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union, and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states.

Ukrainian language

Ukrainian language

Ukrainian is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the native language of the Ukrainians.

Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi). Prior to the ongoing Russian invasion, it was the eighth-most populous country in Europe, with a population of around 41 million people. On 1 January 2023, the United Nations estimated the Ukrainian population to be 34.1 million, with record low birth rates. It is also bordered by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. Ukraine's state language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

President of Ukraine

President of Ukraine

The president of Ukraine is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties. The president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office, limited to two terms consecutively.

Social protection

Social protection

Social protection, as defined by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, is concerned with preventing, managing, and overcoming situations that adversely affect people's well-being. Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labour markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability, and old age. It is one of the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 10 aimed at promoting greater equality.

Health

Health

Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". A variety of definitions have been used for different purposes over time. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders.

Kirov Oblast

Kirov Oblast

Kirov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. Population: 1,341,312.

Personal life

Maria Gaidar was born in Moscow to a prominent political and literary Russian family. She is the daughter of former Russian Prime Minister, Yegor Gaidar.[8] On her paternal side, she is a granddaughter of Soviet admiral Timur Gaidar, daughter of Leah Lazarevna Solomyanskaya and a great-granddaughter of famous Soviet writers Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov. Through Arkady Gaidar, she is a descendant of Russian aristocratic Salkova family. Through the Salkova family, she is a descendant of Mikhail Lermontov. She is step-daughter of the daughter of writer Arkady Strugatsky. Maria's parents divorced in 1985, three years after she was born. Gaidar stayed with her mother, Irina Smirnova. In 1991 the family moved to Cochabamba, Bolivia, where they lived for five years. In 1996 she returned to Moscow.

In 2000 she entered and in 2005 graduated summa cum laude from the Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation.[9][10]

Gaidar is fluent in English, German, Spanish and her native Russian.[11][12] In 2011, she was admitted to Harvard University for a Mid-Career Masters in Public Administration, where she studied for 8 months.[13] In 2014 she graduated from Kutafin Moscow State Law University.[10]

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Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of 2,511 square kilometers (970 sq mi), while the urban area covers 5,891 square kilometers (2,275 sq mi), and the metropolitan area covers over 26,000 square kilometers (10,000 sq mi). Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent.

Timur Gaidar

Timur Gaidar

Timur Arkadyevich Gaidar was a Soviet/Russian rear admiral, writer and journalist. He was supposed to be the prototype for Timur from Arkady Gaidar's book Timur and His Squad that was the inspiration for the Timurite movement.

Arkady Gaidar

Arkady Gaidar

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar was a Russian Soviet writer, whose stories were very popular among Soviet children, and a Red Army commander.

Pavel Bazhov

Pavel Bazhov

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was a Russian writer and publicist.

Mikhail Lermontov

Mikhail Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837 and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.

Arkady and Boris Strugatsky

Arkady and Boris Strugatsky

The brothers Arkady Natanovich Strugatsky and Boris Natanovich Strugatsky were Soviet-Russian science-fiction authors who collaborated through most of their careers.

Irina Smirnova (politician)

Irina Smirnova (politician)

Irina Vladimirovna Smirnova is a Kazakhstani politician who's a member of the Mazhilis from the People's Party of Kazakhstan (QHP) since 2016.

Cochabamba

Cochabamba

Cochabamba is a city and municipality in central Bolivia in a valley in the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cochabamba Department and the fourth largest city in Bolivia, with a population of 630,587 according to the 2012 Bolivian census. Its name is from a compound of the Quechua words qucha "lake" and pampa, "open plain." Residents of the city and the surrounding areas are commonly referred to as cochalas or, more formally, cochabambinos.

Bolivia

Bolivia

Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay to the southeast, Argentina to the south, Chile to the southwest and Peru to the west. The seat of government and executive capital is La Paz, while the constitutional capital is Sucre. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales, a mostly flat region in the east of the country.

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) is a federal state-funded institution of higher education located in Moscow, Russia.

Harvard University

Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

Kutafin Moscow State Law University

Kutafin Moscow State Law University

Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on 1931. MSAL was renamed after Oleg Kutafin in 2012 and was then known as Kutafin University. Its current rector is Viktor Blazheev.

Career

In Russia

Maria Gaidar and Ilya Yashin placing a poster under the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, 2006
Maria Gaidar and Ilya Yashin placing a poster under the Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, 2006

Gaidar was one of the leaders of The Other Russia organization and Union of Right Forces party. She has been a fierce critic of Putin's government and has been briefly detained for involvement in dissenters' marches and for placing a propaganda poster under a bridge using mountaineering gear.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] During the 2008 Russian presidential election, Gaidar produced numerous video materials in which Vladimir Putin was depicted as the anti-Christ leading the world to a nuclear apocalypse.[21]

In February 2009, Gaidar became an advisor to the new governor of Kirov Oblast, Nikita Belykh, and on 23 July she was confirmed as a deputy governor in Kirov Oblast.[22] In June 2011, Gaidar announced that she would resign as adviser due to her admission to Harvard University.[13] In December 2012, she became an adviser to Moscow Vice-Major for Social Problems Leonid Pechatnikov [ru].[23] In November 2013, she left the Government of Moscow to work for the charity Sotsialny Zapros (social query) created by her.[24][25] In 2015, she threatened to renounce her Russian citizenship, planning to become an Israeli citizen under the Law of Return and to move to Israel.[26] However, she subsequently said that she wished to retain her Russian citizenship, and to keep three citizenships – Russian, Ukrainian and Israeli.[27]

In Ukraine

On 17 July 2015, Gaidar accepted an offer from Mikheil Saakashvili and became a vice-governor of Odessa Oblast in Ukraine.[28][29] Her practical work has been as a fixer combating fraud and ensuring that vital social functions run smoothly.[30] She received Ukrainian citizenship on 4 August 2015.[31][32][33] This she described in September 2015 as "It didn't feel good at all....But for me to be here, now, and to be here completely, it's important."[30] A few days after her appointment Gaidar stated she wants to retain her Russian citizenship, adding "In the future I hope that Russia will be a democratic country and it will be possible to go back and work there."[34] Ukrainian law prohibits dual citizenship and only Ukrainian citizens can serve as appointed public officials.[34] Gaidar has indicated she would be willing to serve on Saakashvili's team as an adviser or volunteer (functions open to foreigners).[34]

Various Russian public figures criticized Gaidar's decision: Russian politician Vitaly Milonov requested an investigation of Maria Gaidar for high treason,[35] the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, proposed forbidding Gaidar from returning to Russia,[36] while Russia's Commissioner for Human Rights Ella Pamfilova announced that the Russian government would freeze grants to Gaidar's charity Sotsialny Zapros.[34][37] Sotsialny Zapros itself stated that Gaidar had already stepped down as the organization's head the previous week and that the NGO had voluntarily and formally already refused all government grants.[34]

In the October 2015 Odessa regional election Gaidar was elected into the Odessa Oblast parliament for Petro Poroshenko Bloc.[38][39] Gaidar resigned as deputy governor after a new law barring a regional lawmaker being simultaneously a civil servant took effect on 1 May 2016.[39] Gaidar resigned her seat in Odessa Oblast's legislature on 10 June 2018, the assembly unannounced on June 12 that it had relieved Gaidar of her duties as a lawmaker at her request.[40]

On 5 April 2017 Gaidar was appointed an adviser of Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko.[41]

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The Other Russia (coalition)

The Other Russia (coalition)

The Other Russia, sometimes cited as Another Russia, was an umbrella coalition (2006–2008/2009/2010) that gathered opponents of President Vladimir Putin and was known as an organizer of Dissenters' Marches. The coalition brought together representatives from a wide variety of political and human rights movements, liberals, nationalists, socialists and communists, as well as individual citizens. The last Dissenters' March took place in 2008.

Union of Right Forces

Union of Right Forces

The Union of Right Forces, is a Russian liberal-conservative political public organization and former party, initially founded as an electoral bloc in 1999 and associated with free market reforms, privatization, and the legacy of the "young reformers" of the 1990s: Anatoly Chubais, Boris Nemtsov, Sergey Kiriyenko and Yegor Gaidar. The party officially self-dissolved in 2008. Nikita Belykh was the party's last leader from 2005 to 2008.

2008 Russian presidential election

2008 Russian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Russia on 2 March 2008, and resulted in the election of Dmitry Medvedev as the third President of Russia. Medvedev was elected for a four-year term, whose candidacy was supported by incumbent president Vladimir Putin and five political parties, received 71% of the vote, and defeated Gennady Zyuganov of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and Vladimir Zhirinovsky of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.

Apocalypse

Apocalypse

Apocalypse is a literary genre in which a supernatural being reveals cosmic mysteries or the future to a human intermediary. The means of mediation include dreams, visions and heavenly journeys, and they typically feature symbolic imagery drawn from the Hebrew Bible, cosmological and (pessimistic) historical surveys, the division of time into periods, esoteric numerology, and claims of ecstasy and inspiration. Almost all are written under pseudonyms, claiming as author a venerated hero from previous centuries, as with Book of Daniel, composed during the 2nd century BCE but bearing the name of the legendary Daniel.

Kirov Oblast

Kirov Oblast

Kirov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. Population: 1,341,312.

Nikita Belykh

Nikita Belykh

Nikita Yuryevich Belykh is a Russian politician and former leader of the Union of Rightist Forces party. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai until 2008, and the governor of Kirov Oblast from January 2009 until his arrest in July 2016.

Harvard University

Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

Government of Moscow

Government of Moscow

The Government of Moscow is the highest executive body of state authority of Moscow. The Government of Moscow is headed by the highest official of the city of Moscow, i.e. the Mayor of Moscow.

Law of Return

Law of Return

The Law of Return is an Israeli law, passed on 5 July 1950, which gives Jews, people with one or more Jewish grandparent, and their spouses the right to relocate to Israel and acquire Israeli citizenship. Section 1 of the Law of Return declares that "every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh [immigrant]". In the Law of Return, the State of Israel gave effect to the Zionist movement's "credo" which called for the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state. In 1970, the right of entry and settlement was extended to people with at least one Jewish grandparent and a person who is married to a Jew, whether or not they are considered Jewish under Orthodox interpretations of Jewish law.

Israel

Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western Asia. Situated in the Southern Levant, it is bordered by Lebanon to the north, by Syria to the northeast, by Jordan to the east, by the Red Sea to the south, by Egypt to the southwest, by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, and by the Palestinian territories — the West Bank along the east and the Gaza Strip along the southwest. Tel Aviv is the economic and technological center of the country, while its seat of government is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem, although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is unrecognized internationally.

Mikheil Saakashvili

Mikheil Saakashvili

Mikheil Saakashvili is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the governor of Ukraine's Odesa Oblast. He is the founder and former chairman of the United National Movement party. Saakashvili heads the executive committee of Ukraine's National Reform Council since 7 May 2020. He is currently serving a prison sentence in Georgia for abuse of power and organization of a grievous bodily injury of an opposition MP.

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

LDPR — Liberal Democratic Party of Russia is a right-wing populist and ultranationalist political party in Russia. It succeeded the Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union (LDPSU) in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The party was led by Vladimir Zhirinovsky since its inception until his death in April 2022. Opposing both communism and neoliberal capitalism of the 1990s, and advocating for monarchism albeit in a constitutional form, the party scored a major success in the 1993 Duma elections with almost 23% of the vote, giving it 64 seats of the 450 seats in the State Duma. In the 2021 elections, the party received 7.55% of the vote, giving it 21 seats.

Source: "Maria Gaidar", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 10th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Gaidar.

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References
  1. ^ "Гайдар, Мария". Lenta.ru. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  2. ^ "Maria Gaidar became an adviser to Poroshenko". Ria.ru. 5 April 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  3. ^ Maria Gaidar became Vice-Governor of the Odessa region Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine // VEDOMOSTI
  4. ^ "Мария Гайдар — одесский привет Кремлю". From-ua.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  5. ^ Moscow Police thwarted a rally for free Parking. Archived 22 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine // Rosbizneskonsalting, on 19 October 2014.
  6. ^ Maria Gaidar left the Fund "Social demand" Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine // RBC, 20 July 2015.
  7. ^ "the website of the Government of the Kirov region". Ako.kirov.ru. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  8. ^ Daughters of two Putin opponents take on Kremlin Archived 23 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Sunday Times, 7 August 2005, by Mark Franchetti
  9. ^ "Гайдар в тройке СПС". No. 28 August 2007. APN. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  10. ^ a b "Биография Марии Гайдар". RIA Novosti. 19 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  11. ^ Мария Гайдар биография, фото – узнай всё! Archived 19 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Гайдар, Мария: Российский политик-либерал Archived 13 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine // Lenta.ru
  13. ^ a b m_gaidar8 июня, 2011 (8 June 2011). "Weblog of Maria Gaidar". M-gaidar.livejournal.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  14. ^ Eye on Russia: Guests Archived 28 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine CNN 29 June 2007
  15. ^ Kasparov arrested in Moscow by Megan K. Stack, LA Times
  16. ^ Dissenters Crushed by Ekaterina Savina and Andrei Kozenko Archived 19 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Kommersant
  17. ^ Last samurais without Khakamada by Sergei Mulin Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Novaya Gazeta
  18. ^ Putin critics, fans battle on the Internet, The Daily Telegraph
  19. ^ To Dismay of Some, Bush Takes Gentler Approach Toward Putin Archived 12 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post
  20. ^ Jon Skillings When computers write obits by Jonathan Skillings CNET 13 December 2006
  21. ^ Путин – антихрист? on YouTube
  22. ^ "Мария Гайдар утверждена заместителем губернатора Кировской области". Kommersant. 23 July 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  23. ^ "М.Гайдар реализует в системе здравоохранения Москвы кировский опыт". RBC. 28 December 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  24. ^ "Мария Гайдар ушла из правительства Москвы". Lenta. 5 November 2013. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  25. ^ "О фонде". Sotsialny Zapros. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  26. ^ Мария Гайдар отказалась от российского гражданства Archived 26 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine 7 August 2015, NTV
  27. ^ [Зачем Марии Гайдар сразу три гражданства]
  28. ^ "Controversial Russian politician named deputy in Ukraine". Agence France-Presse. 19 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  29. ^ "Мария Гайдар стала вице-губернатором Одесской области". No. 17 July 2015. Kommersant. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  30. ^ a b Sally McGrane (4 September 2015). "Maria Gaidar, a Scion of a Famous Russian Family, Switches Loyalty to Ukraine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015. Things like an online listing of available kindergarten spots to eliminate the hefty bribes parents now pay, and keeping the electricity running in Soviet-era sanitariums housing disabled refugees from war-torn eastern Ukraine.
  31. ^ "Мария Гайдар получила гражданство Украины". Meduza. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  32. ^ "Мария Гайдар попросила предоставить ей украинское гражданство". Gazeta. 17 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  33. ^ "Мария Гайдар объяснила свой выбор в пользу Украины". Dozhd. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  34. ^ a b c d e Divisions Revealed as Kremlin Critic Moves to Work for Ukraine Government, The Moscow Times (20 July 2015)
  35. ^ "Милонов попросил проверить Гайдар на госизмену". Lenta. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  36. ^ "Жириновский: Верная дочь Гайдара закончит уборщицей на одесском рынке". REN TV. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  37. ^ "Памфилова заморозит выделение фонду Марии Гайдар 3 млн рублей". Vedomosti. 20 July 2015. Archived from the original on 7 August 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  38. ^ "Новости Украины. Последние новости за сегодня онлайн". M.liga.net. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  39. ^ a b All RFE/RL sites (10 May 2016). "Gaidar Resigns As Acting Deputy Governor Of Odesa Region". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Rferl.mobi. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  40. ^ All RFE/RL sites (12 June 2018). "Maria Gaidar Resigns As Lawmaker In Ukraine's Odesa Region". Rferl.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  41. ^ All RFE/RL sites (5 April 2017). "Ukrainian President Appoints Gaidar As Adviser". Rferl.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
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