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Littorinidae

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Littorinidae
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Two shells of the common periwinke Littorina littorea
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Littorinoidea
Family: Littorinidae
Children, 1834[1]
Subfamilies
Diversity[2]
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.

The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy (biology)

In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.

Family (biology)

Family (biology)

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".

Sea snail

Sea snail

Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell.

Clade

Clade

In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. In the taxonomical literature, sometimes the Latin form cladus is used rather than the English form.

Littorinimorpha

Littorinimorpha

Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails, but also including some freshwater snails and land snails.

Names

In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.

Taxonomy

These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

  • Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
  • Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
  • Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[3]

Littorininae
Lacuninae
Laevilitorininae

subfamily ?

Synonyms
  • Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
  • Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
  • Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

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John George Children

John George Children

John George Children FRS FRSE FLS PRES was a British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist. He invented a method to extract silver from ore without the need for mercury. He was a friend of Sir Humphry Davy, who helped him secure a controversial appointment to a post in the British Museum. Children was also the founding president of the Royal Entomological Society.

Afrolittorina

Afrolittorina

Afrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Austrolittorina

Austrolittorina

Austrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Cenchritis

Cenchritis

Cenchritis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Echinolittorina

Echinolittorina

Echinolittorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.

Littoraria

Littoraria

Littoraria is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Littorina

Littorina

Littorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac

André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac

Baron André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac was a French naturalist best known for his studies of molluscs.

Mainwaringia

Mainwaringia

Mainwaringia is a genus of sea snails or freshwater snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Melarhaphe

Melarhaphe

Melarhaphe is a monotypic genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Nodilittorina

Nodilittorina

Nodilittorina is a genus of small sea snails. marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.

Achille Valenciennes

Achille Valenciennes

Achille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.

Source: "Littorinidae", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2021, March 4th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littorinidae.

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Further Reading

Littorina

Austrolittorina antipodum

Capulidae

Amnicolidae

Littorinoidea

Coralliophilinae

Nodilittorina

Echinolittorina

Afrolittorina knysnaensis

Austrolittorina araucana

Austrolittorina unifasciata

Nodilittorina pyramidalis

Austrolittorina

Tectarius
References
  1. ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
  2. ^ a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149–166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
  3. ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
  4. ^ a b Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
  5. ^ a b (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
  6. ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Archived from the original on 5 October 2012.
  7. ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
Further reading

David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.

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