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Liberty Films

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Liberty Films Inc.
TypeIndependent
IndustryFilm
FoundedApril 1945
FounderFrank Capra
Samuel J. Briskin
Defunct1951
SuccessorsLibrary:
Paramount Pictures (It’s a Wonderful Life)
Universal Television (State of the Union)
HeadquartersCalifornia, United States
Key people
Frank Capra
Samuel J. Briskin
William Wyler
George Stevens
ProductsFilms
OwnerIndependent (1945–1947)
Paramount Pictures (1947–1951)

Liberty Films was an independent motion picture production company founded in California by Frank Capra and Samuel J. Briskin in April 1945.[1] It produced only two films, the Christmas classic It's a Wonderful Life (1946), originally released by RKO Radio Pictures, and the film version of the hit play State of the Union (1948), originally released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.[N 1] Liberty Films' logo was the Liberty Bell ringing loudly.

Discover more about Liberty Films related topics

California

California

California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Frank Capra

Frank Capra

Frank Russell Capra was an Italian-born American film director, producer and writer who became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Italy and raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, his rags-to-riches story has led film historians such as Ian Freer to consider him the "American Dream personified".

Samuel J. Briskin

Samuel J. Briskin

Samuel J. Briskin was one of the foremost producers of Hollywood's Golden Age, and head of production during his career at three of the "Big 8" major film studios: Columbia Pictures (twice), Paramount Pictures, and RKO Pictures. In the late 1950s, he was briefly on the board of directors of another major, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. During World War II, Briskin served in the army's Signal Corps as a film producer, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war he co-founded Liberty Films with Frank Capra. They were later joined by William Wyler and George Stevens. The studio only produced two films, but both are now considered classics: It's a Wonderful Life and State of the Union. All three of his brothers were also film producers, as well as one of his sons, and his sister was married to the eventual Chairman of Columbia, where Briskin spent the last decade of his life as a vice-president and head of production until his death in 1968 from a heart attack.

It's a Wonderful Life

It's a Wonderful Life

It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra. It is based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift self-published by Philip Van Doren Stern in 1943, which itself is loosely based on the 1843 Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol. The film stars James Stewart as George Bailey, a man who has given up his personal dreams in order to help others in his community and whose thoughts of suicide on Christmas Eve bring about the intervention of his guardian angel, Clarence Odbody. Clarence shows George all the lives he touched and what the world would be like if he did not exist.

RKO Pictures

RKO Pictures

RKO Radio Pictures Inc., commonly known as RKO Pictures or simply RKO, was an American film production and distribution company, one of the "Big Five" film studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum theater chain and Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America studio were brought together under the control of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in October 1928. RCA executive David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the company's sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone, and in early 1929 production began under the RKO name. Two years later, another Kennedy concern, the Pathé studio, was folded into the operation. By the mid-1940s, RKO was controlled by investor Floyd Odlum.

State of the Union (film)

State of the Union (film)

State of the Union is a 1948 drama film directed by Frank Capra about a man’s desire to run for the nomination as the Republican candidate for President, and the machinations of those around him. The New York Times described it as "a slick piece of screen satire...sharper in its knife-edged slicing at the hides of pachyderm schemers and connivers than was the original." The film was written by Myles Connolly and Anthony Veiller and was based on the 1945 Russel Crouse, Howard Lindsay Pulitzer Prize-winning play of the same name.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc., also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures and abbreviated as MGM, is an American film, television production, distribution and media company owned by Amazon through MGM Holdings, founded on April 17, 1924, and based in Beverly Hills, California.

Liberty Bell

Liberty Bell

The Liberty Bell, previously called the State House Bell or Old State House Bell, is an iconic symbol of American independence, located in Philadelphia. Originally placed in the steeple of the Pennsylvania State House, the bell today is located across the street in the Liberty Bell Center in Independence National Historical Park. The bell was commissioned in 1752 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from the London firm of Lester and Pack, and was cast with the lettering "Proclaim LIBERTY Throughout all the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof", a Biblical reference from the Book of Leviticus. The bell first cracked when rung after its arrival in Philadelphia, and was twice recast by local workmen John Pass and John Stow, whose last names appear on the bell. In its early years, the bell was used to summon lawmakers to legislative sessions and to alert citizens about public meetings and proclamations.

History

Capra had made two previous attempts at independent production. He formed Frank Capra Productions in 1939 and produced Meet John Doe, but dissolved it when he joined the U.S. Army Signal Corps in December 1941. Later during World War II he unsuccessfully sought a production partnership with director Leo McCarey.

All four eventual partners in Liberty Pictures had spent most of World War II as officers making motion pictures for the Army Signal Corps, and were hesitant to return to working under the Hollywood studio system.[2] Capra explained his dissatisfaction in an article for the New York Times:

Had the motion picture been a product which demanded uniformity as its ultimate goal, the results would have been highly satisfactory. But unfortunately it was, and is, a combination of mechanical perfection and creative endeavor. And in applying the mass-production yardstick to both the mechanics and creative side of film-making, the latter became molded into a pattern. The efforts and achievements of the individual producers and directors had to meet with the approval of each studio's chief executive.… Producers and directors working under him found that instead of creating as they pleased, letting their own imagination and artistry have full rein, with the public the final judge of the worth and merit of their efforts, they were of necessity obliged to make pictures for the approval of the one man at the top. Thus the creative side of film-making, from the selection of the story, the writers who would put it into script form, the casting of the players, the designing of their costumes and the sets which provided their backgrounds, the direction, the cutting and editing of the final film was tailored (consciously or unconsciously) to the tastes of the studio's head man.[3]

Briskin had been production chief at Columbia Pictures, where Capra had worked since 1927. Within months of Liberty's incorporation, directors William Wyler and George Stevens became partners.[4]

Liberty was capitalized at $1,000,000, and it had a standing bank credit of $3,500,000, for which the four owners were individually and collectively responsible.[5] The ownership was divided unequally among the partners: 32 percent to Capra as president and organizer, 18 percent to Briskin, 25 percent each to Wyler and Stevens. But their voting rights were equal.[6] By dissolving Liberty a few years hence, as the partners planned, they would pay only a 25% capital gains tax on the profits instead of the 90% income tax they would pay on their high salaries at a studio.[7][8]

Production schedule

Liberty contracted in August 1945 to produce nine features for distribution by RKO,[9] three each from the three producer-directors, who were each expected to deliver one picture per year. The production offices of Liberty Films were housed at RKO Studios.

The company announced in November 1945 that its first production would be James Stewart in It's a Wonderful Life, produced and directed by Capra.[10] Capra's next pictures were to be adaptations of Jessamyn West's novel The Friendly Persuasion and Alfred Noyes' novel No Other Man.[11] William Wyler planned to direct an adaptation of Stendhal's The Red and the Black.[12] George Stevens was announced to produce and direct One Big Happy Family, written by Joseph Fields.[13]

The film rights to the play State of the Union were acquired in late 1946, with an intended release before the presidential election in 1948.[14] To obtain Spencer Tracy for the lead role, when he was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Liberty Films agreed to pay for use of MGM's production facilities to make the picture, and to pay MGM's parent company a percentage distribution fee.[15]

Fate of studio

Liberty's first release, It's a Wonderful Life, in December 1946, was a financial failure. Although it was in the top 7% of that year's films as ranked by box office gross, it was unable to recoup its high production cost of $2.3 million,[16] much less show a profit. The partners sought a major studio to buy Liberty Films before bank foreclosure, although Wyler and Stevens were "violently opposed" to the idea at first.[17] Paramount Pictures bought the company in May 1947.[18] The four partners were given a total of $3,450,000 in Paramount stock, and Capra, Wyler, and Stevens were given five-picture contracts at Paramount.[19] In the purchase, Paramount acquired Liberty's interest in three movies: It's a Wonderful Life, I Remember Mama (which George Stevens was filming at RKO),[N 2] and State of the Union (not yet filmed). The multi-picture deal at Paramount resulted in Capra directing Riding High and Here Comes the Groom; Stevens directing A Place in the Sun, Something to Live For, and Shane; and Wyler directing The Heiress, Detective Story, Carrie, Roman Holiday, and The Desperate Hours.[20] The company was finally dissolved in April 1951.

It's a Wonderful Life was incorporated into Paramount's pre-1950 library, and in 1955 Paramount sold it to U.M. & M. TV Corporation along with their many of their short subjects, which were all later sold to National Telefilm Associates, and in turn became Republic Pictures, which was sold to Paramount's current parent Viacom in 1999. Hence Paramount now once again owns It's a Wonderful Life. Paramount meanwhile held on to State of the Union for another two years until MCA acquired most of Paramount's pre-1950 theatrical sound features in 1957 (and formed EMKA, Ltd. to hold the copyright) then bought the US branch of Decca Records, which owned Universal Studios, in 1962. This explains why EMKA/NBCUniversal owns the rights to State of the Union today.

Capra later wrote that the creation of Liberty Films was to "(1) influence the course of Hollywood films, (2) make four former Army officers independently rich, and (3) virtually prove fatal to my professional career."[21]

Discover more about History related topics

Meet John Doe

Meet John Doe

Meet John Doe is a 1941 American comedy-drama film directed and produced by Frank Capra, written by Robert Riskin, and starring Gary Cooper and Barbara Stanwyck. The film is about a "grassroots" political campaign created unwittingly by a newspaper columnist with the involvement of a hired homeless man and pursued by the paper's wealthy owner. It became a box-office hit and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story. It was ranked No. 49 in AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Cheers. In 1969, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication. It was the first of two features Capra made for Warner Brothers, after he left Columbia Pictures, the other being Arsenic and Old Lace (1944).

Leo McCarey

Leo McCarey

Thomas Leo McCarey was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was involved in nearly 200 films, the most well known today being Duck Soup, Make Way for Tomorrow, The Awful Truth, Going My Way, The Bells of St. Mary's, My Son John and An Affair To Remember.

Columbia Pictures

Columbia Pictures

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. is an American film production studio that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment, which is one of the Big Five studios and a subsidiary of the multinational conglomerate Sony.

George Stevens

George Stevens

George Cooper Stevens was an American film director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer. Films he produced were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Motion Picture six times while he had five nominations as Best Director, winning twice.

Financial capital

Financial capital

Financial capital is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based, e.g., retail, corporate, investment banking, etc. In other words, financial capital is internal retained earnings generated by the entity or funds provided by lenders to businesses in order to purchase real capital equipment or services for producing new goods and/or services.

Capital gains tax

Capital gains tax

A capital gains tax (CGT) is the tax on profits realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset. The most common capital gains are realized from the sale of stocks, bonds, precious metals, real estate, and property.

Income tax

Income tax

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them. Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income.

James Stewart

James Stewart

James Maitland "Jimmy" Stewart was an American actor. Known for his distinctive drawl and everyman screen persona, Stewart's film career spanned 80 films from 1935 to 1991. With the strong morality he portrayed both on and off the screen, he epitomized the "American ideal" in the mid-twentieth century. In 1999, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked him third on its list of the greatest American male actors. He received numerous honors including the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1968, the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1980, the Kennedy Center Honor in 1983, as well as the Academy Honorary Award, and Presidential Medal of Freedom, both in 1985.

Jessamyn West (writer)

Jessamyn West (writer)

Mary Jessamyn West was an American author of short stories and novels, notably The Friendly Persuasion (1945). A Quaker from Indiana, she graduated from Fullerton Union High School in 1919 and Whittier College in 1923. There she helped found the Palmer Society in 1921. She received an honorary Doctor of Letters (Litt.D) degree from Whittier College in 1946. She received the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize in 1975.

Alfred Noyes

Alfred Noyes

Alfred Noyes CBE was an English poet, short-story writer and playwright.

Stendhal

Stendhal

Marie-Henri Beyle, better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir and La Chartreuse de Parme, he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. A self-proclaimed egotist, he coined the same characteristic in his characters' "Beylism".

Joseph Fields

Joseph Fields

Joseph Albert Fields was an American playwright, theatre director, screenwriter, and film producer.

Filmography

Source: "Liberty Films", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Films.

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References

Notes

  1. ^ In later years, Capra bought the film and re-released it himself, so current prints do not show Leo the Lion roaring at the beginning.
  2. ^ I Remember Mama was an RKO production; Liberty Films' financial interest came from leasing Stevens' services as director.

Citations

  1. ^ "Screen News", The New York Times, April 27, 1945, p. 22. A third incorporator was attorney David Tannenbaum.
  2. ^ "William Wyler and His Screen Philosophy", The New York Times, Nov. 17, 1946, p. 77. Frank Capra, The Name Above the Title, W.H. Allen, 1972, p. 372. ISBN 0-491-00349-8.
  3. ^ Frank Capra, "Breaking Hollywood's 'Pattern of Sameness'", The New York Times, May 5, 1946, p. SM10.
  4. ^ "Wyler Set to Join New Film Concern", The New York Times, July 6, 1945, p. 8. "News of the Screen", The New York Times, Feb. 20, 1946, p. 35.
  5. ^ "Unrest in Hollywood", The New York Times, June 30, 1946, p. X1. "Massey Is Signed for O'Neill Movie", The New York Times, Jan. 7, 1947, p. 33.
  6. ^ Capra, The Name Above the Title, p. 373.
  7. ^ "The Price of Liberty", Time, May 26, 1947.
  8. ^ Top US Marginal Income Tax Rates, 1913–2003 Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ "Liberty to Make Pictures for RKO", The New York Times, August 23, 1945, p. 18.
  10. ^ "Stewart Due Back in 1st Liberty Film", The New York Times, Nov. 5, 1945, p. 13. Liberty had earlier announced that its first picture would be It Happened on Fifth Avenue; it was filmed by Allied Artists instead.
  11. ^ "Metro to Resume 'Thin Man' Series", The New York Times, April 8, 1946, p. 37. "Mystery Role Set for Joseph Pevney", The New York Times, April 10, 1946, p. 37.
  12. ^ "Two Studios Vying for Stendahl Book", The New York Times, Oct. 31, 1946, p. 22.
  13. ^ Hedda Hopper (column), The Washington Post, Feb. 27, 1946, p. 3. Hopper reported on Feb. 27, 1947, that Stevens had postponed Family until next winter; it was never made.
  14. ^ "By Way of Report", The New York Times, Dec. 29, 1946, p. 43.
  15. ^ Metro to Release 'State of the Union'", The New York Times, March 31, 1947, p. 19.
  16. ^ "The Price of Liberty", Time, May 26, 1947.
  17. ^ Capra, The Name Above the Title, p. 387.
  18. ^ "Paramount Deal With Liberty Set", The New York Times, May 17, 1947, p. 9.
  19. ^ "Hollywood Replies", The New York Times, May 25, 1947, p. X5.
  20. ^ Dick, Bernard F. "Engulfed: the death of Paramount Pictures and the birth of corporate Hollywood" (p. 155). The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (2001). ISBN 0-8131-2202-3.
  21. ^ Capra, The Name Above the Title, p. 372.
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