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Koprivnica

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Koprivnica
Grad Koprivnica
City of Koprivnica
Koprivnica
Koprivnica
Flag of Koprivnica
Location of Koprivnica in Croatia
Koprivnica is located in Croatia
Koprivnica
Koprivnica
Coordinates: 46°09′46″N 16°49′42″E / 46.16278°N 16.82833°E / 46.16278; 16.82833
Country Croatia
County Koprivnica-Križevci
Government
 • MayorMišel Jakšić (SDP)
 • City Council
21 members
Area
 • Total90.94 km2 (35.11 sq mi)
Elevation
149 m (489 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total30,854
 • Density340/km2 (880/sq mi)
 (municipality total)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
48000
Area code048
Vehicle registrationKC
Websitewww.koprivnica.hr
Podravka Headquarters
Podravka Headquarters
Pagoda in the city park
Pagoda in the city park
Church of Saint Nicholas
Church of Saint Nicholas
Railway station
Railway station

Koprivnica (Croatian pronunciation: [kɔ̝̌priːv̞nit͡sa]) is a city in Northern Croatia, located 70 kilometers northeast of Zagreb. It is the capital and the largest city of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. In 2011, the city's administrative area of 90.94 km2 had a total population of 30,854, with 23,955 in the city proper.[1]

Population

The list of settlements in the Koprivnica municipality is:[1]

City of Koprivnica: Population trends 1857–2021
population
4554
5823
6582
7574
8544
11552
11536
11932
12864
14139
16582
21104
25941
29706
30994
30854
28666
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021

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Geography

Koprivnica (German: Kopreinitz, Hungarian: Kapronca) is situated at a strategic location – on the slopes of Bilogora and Kalnik to the south and river Drava to the north. Its position enabled it to develop numerous amenities for the wider area such as trade, crafts and administration, and in the 13th century Koprivnica became a town settlement. Koprivnica was named after the stream of the same name, which was first mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century during the Hungarian Kingdom.

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German language

German language

German, or more precisely High German, is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Western Europe and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a co-official language of Luxembourg and Belgium, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. Outside Germany, it is also spoken by German communities in France (Bas-Rhin), Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary (Sopron).

Hungarian language

Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Uralic language spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries that used to belong to it. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary, it is also spoken by Hungarian communities in southern Slovakia, western Ukraine (Subcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, northeastern Slovenia (Prekmurje), and eastern Austria.

Bilogora

Bilogora

Bilogora is a low mountainous range in Central Croatia. It consists of a series of hills and small plains some 80 kilometres in length stretching in the direction northwest-southeast, along the southwest part of the Podravina region. The highest peak is called Rajčevica, located in the north of the mountain.

Kalnik (mountain)

Kalnik (mountain)

Kalnik or Kalničko gorje is a mountain in northwestern Croatia. Its highest peak is the eponymous Kalnik at 642 metres (2,106 ft).

Century

Century

A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word century comes from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred. Century is sometimes abbreviated as c.

Education

Universities

Koprivnica and Varaždin took part in establishing the University North, a public national university that operates in both cities since 2015.

University North (University centre Koprivnica)

  • Department of Media and Communication
  • Department of Environmental protection, recycling and packaging
  • Department of Communication, Media and Journalism
  • Department of Logistics and Sustainable Mobility
  • Department of Business and Management
  • Department of Food Technology
  • Department of Art Studies
  • Department of Computing and Informatics

History

Koprivnica has a history similar to that of nearby Varaždin: it was first mentioned in 1272 in a document by prince László IV and declared a free royal town by king Lajos I in 1356, and flourished as a trading place and a military fortress since that time.

In the 14th century, the town settlement further developed due to increased trade under the influence of Varaždin. During the construction of Renaissance fortification in the second half of the 16th century Koprivnica was the centre of the Slavonian military border. Koprivnica counted among its troops musketeers, German soldiers, hussars and infantry. At that time the Renaissance square emerged together with the Town hall which emphasized its Renaissance identity, so Koprivnica can today be legitimately considered a renaissance town.

The military aspect set it back somewhat when it was included in the Military Frontier in the 16th century during the wars with the Ottoman Turks, but after Maria Theresia's decree of 1765 it resumed life as a peaceful little merchant town which it was in reality.

Its position on the border of Habsburg monarchy and Ottoman Empire influenced the environment, economic, social and demographic changes, as well as everyday life. Koprivnica can therefore be considered a border town. In the second half of the 17th century Koprivnica was among the most developed royal towns in the Croatian-Slavonian Kingdom and its economic growth was initially based on strong trade activity. The fact that the three most significant churches (St. Nicholas, St. Anthony of Padua with the Franciscan monastery and church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Mocile further illustrates the economic power of the town in the 17th century. Economic activity was moved outside the town fortifications and this resulted in the wide and spacious baroque squares – today's Zrinski square and Jelačić square. At the same time the oldest streets evolved and they established the development base for the town until the present day.

In the 19th century, the old Renaissance and Baroque housing and buildings associated with trade were replaced by the now historical architecture and the new town centre acquired its present appearance. In 1863, the main part of the future town park was planted, and the removal of the old fortification together with the construction of the railway determined the regional development of the town. Railway connections enabled the development of industry and further established Koprivnica as a leading centre of the Podravina region. The Koprivnica Synagogue was built in 1875 in the centre of Koprivnica. Today it is listed as a cultural monument.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Koprivnica was a district capital in the Bjelovar-Križevci County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. The first concentration and extermination camp established in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II was the Danica concentration camp established in Koprivnica.[2][3][4]

Koprivnica developed significantly in the 20th century with the advent of the Podravka food industry, known worldwide for its Vegeta spice. They even have a museum devoted to the firm of Podravka.

The annual "motifs of Podravina" event is when the whole town becomes a gallery of naïve art. Many of the greatest Croatian naïve artists come from the villages along the Drava in this county, notably Ivan Generalić.

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Ladislaus IV of Hungary

Ladislaus IV of Hungary

Ladislaus IV, also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth, a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 10 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him.

Louis I of Hungary

Louis I of Hungary

Louis I, also Louis the Great or Louis the Hungarian, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370. He was the first child of Charles I of Hungary and his wife, Elizabeth of Poland, to survive infancy. A 1338 treaty between his father and Casimir III of Poland, Louis's maternal uncle, confirmed Louis's right to inherit the Kingdom of Poland if his uncle died without a son. In exchange, Louis was obliged to assist his uncle to reoccupy the lands that Poland had lost in previous decades. He bore the title of Duke of Transylvania between 1339 and 1342 but did not administer the province.

Military Frontier

Military Frontier

The Military Frontier was a borderland of the Habsburg monarchy and later the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire. It acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire.

Habsburg monarchy

Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as the Danubian monarchy, or Habsburg Empire, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg, especially the dynasty's Austrian branch.

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Anthony of Padua

Anthony of Padua

Anthony of Padua, OFM or Anthony of Lisbon was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order.

Koprivnica Synagogue

Koprivnica Synagogue

Koprivnica Synagogue is a former synagogue in Koprivnica, Croatia.

Bjelovar-Križevci County

Bjelovar-Križevci County

The Bjelovar-Križevci County was a historic administrative subdivision of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Transleithania), the Hungarian part of the dual Austro-Hungarian Empire. Its territory is now in northern Croatia. Belovár and Kőrös are the Hungarian names for the cities Bjelovar and Križevci, respectively. The capital of the county was Bjelovar.

Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia

Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia

The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia was a nominally autonomous kingdom and constitutionally defined separate political nation within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was created in 1868 by merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia following the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement of 1868. It was associated with the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, also known as Transleithania. While Croatia had been granted a wide internal autonomy with "national features", in reality, Croatian control over key issues such as tax and military issues was minimal and hampered by Hungary. It was internally officially referred to as the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, also simply known as the Triune Kingdom, and had claims on Dalmatia, which was administrated separately by the Austrian Cisleithania. The city of Rijeka, following a disputed section in the 1868 Settlement known as the Rijeka Addendum, became a corpus separatum and was legally owned by Hungary, but administrated by both Croatia and Hungary.

Extermination camp

Extermination camp

Nazi Germany used six extermination camps, also called death camps, or killing centers, in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million people – mostly Jews – in the Holocaust. The victims of death camps were primarily murdered by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans. The six extermination camps were Chełmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Extermination through labour was also used at the Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps.

Independent State of Croatia

Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in parts of occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, after the invasion by the Axis powers. Its territory consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia, but also excluded many Croat-populated areas in Dalmatia, Istria, and Međimurje regions.

Danica concentration camp

Danica concentration camp

Danica was the first concentration and extermination camp established in the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. It was established in Koprivnica on 15 or 20 April 1941 in the deserted building of former fertilizer factory "Danica". Mijo Babić participated in preparations for the establishment of Danica concentration camp The first individual inmates were brought to Danica on 18 April 1941 while first groups arrived at the end of April 1941.

Notable people

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Vanna (singer)

Vanna (singer)

Ivana Ranilović-Vrdoljak, better known by her stage name Vanna, is a Croatian pop singer.

Zlata Bartl

Zlata Bartl

Zlata Bartl was a Bosnian Croat scientist and is the creator of Vegeta.

Ivan Brkić (footballer)

Ivan Brkić (footballer)

Ivan Brkić is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Azerbaijan Premier League club Neftçi.

Ivica Hiršl

Ivica Hiršl

Ivica "Ivina" Hiršl was a Croatian communist and Mayor of Koprivnica who was killed during the Holocaust.

Baltazar Dvorničić Napuly

Baltazar Dvorničić Napuly

Baltazar Dvorničić Napuly was a Croatian Catholic cleric and lawyer. He is notable for establishing the first private law school in Zagreb, and for his efforts to establish the Croatian college in Austria.

Ivan Generalić

Ivan Generalić

Ivan Generalić was a Croatian painter in the naïve tradition.

Ivan Golac

Ivan Golac

Ivan Golac is a Yugoslav former professional football player and manager.

Slavko Löwy

Slavko Löwy

Slavko Löwy was a Croatian architect.

Armin Schreiner

Armin Schreiner

Armin Mordekhai Schreiner was influential Croatian industrialist, banker, Jewish activist and member of the first Freemasonry Jewish Lodge Zagreb No. 1090 independent order of B'nai B'rith.

Milivoj Solar

Milivoj Solar

Milivoj Solar is a Croatian literary theorist and literary historian.

Dejan Šomoci

Dejan Šomoci

Dejan Šomoci is a Croatian retired football midfielder.

Branko Švarc

Branko Švarc

Dr. Branko Švarc (1894–1972) was Croatian judge and Mayor of Koprivnica.

Source: "Koprivnica", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koprivnica.

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Sources
  • Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, Random House Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1.
  • Bulatović, Radomir (1990). Koncentracioni logor Jasenovac s posebnim osvrtom na Donju Gradinu: istorijsko-sociološka i antropološka studija. Svjetlost.
  • Council, United States Holocaust Memorial (1991). Days of remembrance, April 7–14, 1991: fifty years ago : from terror to systematic murder : planning guide. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council.
  • Rudolf Horvat, "Povijest slob. i kr. grada Koprivnice", Zagreb, 1943.
  • Leander Brozović, "Građa za povijest Koprivnice", crteži i skice Stjepan Kukec, Koprivnica 1978.
  • Milan Prelog, Ivanka Reberski, ur., Koprivnica – grad i spomenici, Zagreb 1986. ISBN 86-80195-01-4
  • Nada Klaić, "Koprivnica u srednjem vijeku", Koprivnica 1987.
  • Dragutin Feletar, "Podravina : općine Đurđevac, Koprivnica i Ludbreg u prošlosti i sadašnjosti", Koprivnica : Centar za kulturu, 1988.
  • Petrić, Hrvoje (2000). Koprivnica na razmeđi epoha (1765–1870). Zavod za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i Nakladna kuća dr. Feletar. ISBN 953-6235-54-4.
  • Mirela Slukan Altić, ur., Povijesni atlas gradova - Koprivnica, Zagreb-Koprivnica 2005. ISBN 953-6666-42-1
Gallery
References
  1. ^ a b c "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Koprivnica". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  2. ^ (Bulatović 1990, p. 78)
  3. ^ www.utilis.biz, Utilis d.o.o., Zagreb. "JUSP Jasenovac – CAMPS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA". www.jusp-jasenovac.hr. Retrieved 4 February 2017. The first Ustasha concentration camp in the Independent State of Croatia, Danica, was founded on 15 April 1941 near Koprivnica.
  4. ^ (Council 1991, p. 12): "April 20: The first concentration camp in Yugoslavia, Danica. near Virovitica, opens; "
External links

Coordinates: 46°09′N 16°49′E / 46.150°N 16.817°E / 46.150; 16.817

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