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José Donoso

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
José Donoso
Donoso in 1981
Donoso in 1981
BornJosé Manuel Donoso Yáñez
(1924-10-05)5 October 1924
Santiago
Chile
Died7 December 1996(1996-12-07) (aged 72)
Santiago
Chile
OccupationWriter, journalist, professor
LanguageSpanish
NationalityChilean
Alma materPrinceton University
GenreNovel, short story
Literary movementLatin American Boom
Years active20th century
Notable worksHell Has No Limits,
The Obscene Bird of Night
Notable awardsNational Prize for Literature (Chile) 1990
SpouseMaría del Pilar Serrano
ChildrenPilar Donoso

José Manuel Donoso Yáñez (5 October 1924 – 7 December 1996), known as José Donoso, was a Chilean writer, journalist and professor. He lived most of his life in Chile, although he spent many years in self-imposed exile in Mexico, the United States and Spain. Although he had left his country in the sixties for personal reasons, after 1973 he said his exile was also a form of protest against the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. He returned to Chile in 1981 and lived there until his death.

Donoso is the author of a number of short stories and novels, which contributed greatly to the Latin American literary boom. His best known works include the novels Coronación (Coronation), El lugar sin límites (Hell Has No Limits) and El obsceno pájaro de la noche (The Obscene Bird of Night). His works deal with a number of themes, including sexuality, the duplicity of identity, psychology, and a sense of dark humor.

Discover more about José Donoso related topics

Augusto Pinochet

Augusto Pinochet

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte was a Chilean general and dictator who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974 and becoming the de facto dictator of Chile, and from 1981 to 1990 as de jure President after a new Constitution, which confirmed him in the office, was approved by a referendum in 1980. His rule remains the longest of any Chilean leader in history.

Latin American Boom

Latin American Boom

The Latin American Boom was a literary movement of the 1960s and 1970s when the work of a group of relatively young Latin American novelists became widely circulated in Europe and throughout the world. The Boom is most closely associated with Julio Cortázar of Argentina, Carlos Fuentes of Mexico, Mario Vargas Llosa of Peru, and Gabriel García Márquez of Colombia. Influenced by European and North American Modernism, but also by the Latin American Vanguardia movement, these writers challenged the established conventions of Latin American literature. Their work is experimental and, owing to the political climate of the Latin America of the 1960s, also very political. "It is no exaggeration", critic Gerald Martin writes, "to state that if the Southern continent was known for two things above all others in the 1960s, these were, first and foremost, the Cuban Revolution and its impact both on Latin America and the Third World generally, and secondly, the Boom in Latin American fiction, whose rise and fall coincided with the rise and fall of liberal perceptions of Cuba between 1959 and 1971."

Hell Has No Limits

Hell Has No Limits

Hell Has No Limits is a 1966 novel written by Chilean José Donoso. The novel is set south of the Chilean capital, Santiago, in a small town near the regional center of Talca. It tells the story of a bordello, and details the prostitutes' way of life. The main character is Manuela, the transgender woman who owns the bordello. A number of other memorable characters are introduced. The novel was well received, and Donoso himself considered it his best work: "the most perfect, with fewest errors, the most complete".

The Obscene Bird of Night

The Obscene Bird of Night

The Obscene Bird of Night is the most acclaimed novel by the Chilean writer José Donoso. Donoso was a member of the Latin American literary boom and the literary movement known as magical realism.

Human sexuality

Human sexuality

Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, psychological, physical, erotic, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied with historical contexts over time, it lacks a precise definition. The biological and physical aspects of sexuality largely concern the human reproductive functions, including the human sexual response cycle.

Psychology

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior in humans and non-humans. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience. As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups. Ψ (psi), the first letter of the Greek word psyche from which the term psychology is derived, is commonly associated with the science.

Early life

Donoso was born in Santiago to the physician José Donoso Donoso and Alicia Yáñez (Eliodoro Yáñez's niece). He studied in The Grange School, where he was classmates with Luis Alberto Heiremans and Carlos Fuentes, and in Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (José Victorino Lastarria High School). Coming from a comfortable family, during his childhood he worked as a juggler and an office worker, much before he developed as a writer and teacher.

In 1945 he traveled to the southernmost part of Chile and Argentina, where he worked on sheep farms in the province of Magallanes. Two years later, he finished high school and signed up to study English in the Institute of Teaching in the Universidad de Chile (University of Chile). In 1949, thanks to a scholarship from the Doherty Foundation, he changed to studying English literature at Princeton University, where he studied under such professors as R. P. Blackmur, Lawrence Thompson and Allan Tate. The Princeton magazine, MSS, published his first two stories, both written in English: "The Blue Woman" (1950) and "The Poisoned Pastries" (1951).[1] Donoso graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English from Princeton in 1951 after completing a senior thesis titled "The Elegance of Mind of Jane Austen. An Interpretation of Her Novels Through the Attitudes of Heroines."[2]

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Santiago

Santiago

Santiago, also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 7 million, representing 40% of Chile's total population. Most of the city is situated between 500–650 m (1,640–2,133 ft) above sea level.

Eliodoro Yáñez

Eliodoro Yáñez

Eliodoro Yáñez Ponce de León was a Chilean journalist, lawyer, and politician, and was one of the founders of La Nación newspaper. He also served several times as minister and as President of the Senate of Chile.

Carlos Fuentes

Carlos Fuentes

Carlos Fuentes Macías was a Mexican novelist and essayist. Among his works are The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and Christopher Unborn (1987). In his obituary, The New York Times described Fuentes as "one of the most admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world" and an important influence on the Latin American Boom, the "explosion of Latin American literature in the 1960s and '70s", while The Guardian called him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist". His many literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as well as Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor (1999). He was often named as a likely candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won. His parents were both Mexicans.

Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Santiago)

Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Santiago)

Liceo José Victorino Lastarria is a Chilean high school located in Santiago, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. It was established in June 1913.

Argentina

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a federal state subdivided into twenty-three provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and a part of Antarctica.

Princeton University

Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The institution moved to Newark in 1747, and then to the current site nine years later. It officially became a university in 1896 and was subsequently renamed Princeton University.

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution.Degree attainment typically takes four years in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, China, Egypt, Ghana, Greece, Georgia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United States and Zambia. Degree attainment typically takes three years in Albania, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Caribbean, Iceland, India, Israel, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, the Canadian province of Quebec, the United Kingdom and most of the European Union. In Bangladesh, three-year BA (associates) courses are also available.

Jane Austen

Jane Austen

Jane Austen was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique, and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. Her use of social commentary, realism and biting irony have earned her acclaim among critics and scholars.

Career

In 1951, he traveled to Mexico and Central America. He then returned to Chile and in 1954 started teaching English at the Universidad Católica (Catholic University) and in the Kent School.

His first book, Veraneo y otros cuentos (Summer Vacation and Other Stories), was published in 1955 and won the Premio Municipal de Santiago (Municipal Prize of Santiago) the following year. In 1957, while he lived with a family of fishermen in the Isla Negra, he published his first novel, Coronación (Coronation), in which he described the high Santiaguina classes and their decadence. Eight years later, it was translated and published in the United States by Alfred A Knopf and in England by The Bodley Head.

In 1958, he left Chile for Buenos Aires, returning to Chile in 1960.[3]

He started writing for the magazine Revista Ercilla in 1959 when he found himself traveling through Europe, from where he sent his reports. He continued as an editor and literary critic of that publication until 1964. He was also a co-editor of the Mexican journal Siempre.[4][5]

In 1961, he married the painter, writer and translator María del Pilar Serrano (1925–1997), also known as María Esther Serrano Mendieta, daughter of Juan Enrique Serrano Pellé from Chile and Graciela Mendieta Alvarez from Bolivia. Donoso had previously met her in Buenos Aires.[3]

They left Chile again in 1965 for Mexico and later Donoso was a writer-in-residence at the University of Iowa from 1965 to 1967, when he moved with his wife to Spain.[3][1] In 1968, the couple adopted a three-month-old girl from Madrid, whom they named María del Pilar Donoso Serrano, best known as Pilar Donoso.[6]

In the Summer term, 1975, Donoso taught a workshop in writing the novel in the Comparative Literature Department at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire USA. In 1981, after his return to Chile, he conducted a literature workshop in the which, during the first period, many writers like Roberto Brodsky, Marco Antonio de la Parra, Carlos Franz, Carlos Iturra, Eduardo Llanos, Marcelo Maturana, Sonia Montecino Aguirre, Darío Oses, Roberto Rivera and, very fleetingly, Jaime Collyer, Gonzalo Contreras, and Jorge Marchant Lazcano, among others. Later, Arturo Fontaine Talavera, Alberto Fuguet and Ágata Gligo attended, among others.

At the same time, he continued publishing novels, even though they didn't receive the same repercussions as preceding works: La desesperanza (Curfew), the novellas Taratuta and Naturaleza muerta con cachimba (Still Life with Pipe) and Donde van a morir los elefantes (1995). El mocho (1997) and Lagartija sin cola (The Lizard's Tale) were published posthumously.

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Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile is one of the six Catholic Universities existing in the Chilean university system and one of the two pontifical universities in the country, along with the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso. Founded in 1888, it is also one of Chile's oldest universities and one of the most recognized educational institutions in Latin America.

Isla Negra

Isla Negra

Isla Negra is a coastal area in El Quisco commune in central Chile, some 45 km south of Valparaiso and 96 km west of Santiago.

Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. is an American publishing house that was founded by Alfred A. Knopf Sr. and Blanche Knopf in 1915. Blanche and Alfred traveled abroad regularly and were known for publishing European, Asian, and Latin American writers in addition to leading American literary trends. It was acquired by Random House in 1960, and is now part of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group division of Penguin Random House which is owned by the German conglomerate Bertelsmann. The Knopf publishing house is associated with its borzoi colophon, which was designed by co-founder Blanche Knopf in 1925.

The Bodley Head

The Bodley Head

The Bodley Head is an English publishing house, founded in 1887 and existing as an independent entity until the 1970s. The name was used as an imprint of Random House Children's Books from 1987 to 2008. In April 2008, it was revived as an adult non-fiction imprint within Random House's CCV division.

Ercilla (magazine)

Ercilla (magazine)

Ercilla was a biweekly news magazine published in Santiago, Chile. The magazine was in circulation between 1936 and April 2015. Its title is a reference to Alonso de Ercilla who wrote the first epic poem in Spanish in Chile.

Roberto Brodsky

Roberto Brodsky

Roberto Brodsky Baudet is a Chilean novelist and screenwriter. He has written four novels, several film and theater scripts, and over 250 articles published in national newspapers and magazines. Baudet was awarded the 2007 Jaén Prize for Best Novel and the 2009 Martin Nuez Award, both for his 2008 novel Bosque Quemado. He lives in New York City with his wife and family. He is Adjunct Professor at the Center for Latin American Studies in Georgetown University.

Carlos Franz

Carlos Franz

Carlos Franz Thorud is a writer from Chile, who also holds Spanish citizenship.

Jaime Collyer

Jaime Collyer

Jaime Collyer is a Chilean writer, born in Santiago, Chile in 1955 who became part of a generation of writers known as the "Nueva narrativa chilena" or the New Chilean Narrative. His works have been translated into English, French and other languages, winning various literary prizes and acclaim.

Gonzalo Contreras

Gonzalo Contreras

Gonzalo Contreras is a Chilean writer. In 1991 he won the first edition of El Mercurio's Concurso de Novela Inédita with La ciudad anterior. He went on to publish El nadador in 1994 and El gran mal in 1998. In 2004 he published Natural Law, and, 9 years later, its second part, Mecanica Celeste. During 20 years he has imparted a literary workshop, bombastically considered the most prestigious in Chile. Literary critic Catholic priest Ignacio Valente described Contreras' prose as very good, as opaque in the best sense, like that of Kafka.

Jorge Marchant Lazcano

Jorge Marchant Lazcano

Jorge Marchant Lazcano is a Chilean writer, playwright, screenwriter, novelist and journalist.

Arturo Fontaine Talavera

Arturo Fontaine Talavera

Arturo Fontaine Talavera, is a novelist, poet and essayist, considered as one of the writers most representative of the Chilean "New Narrative" that surfaced in the 1990s.

Alberto Fuguet

Alberto Fuguet

Alberto Felipe Fuguet de Goyeneche is a Chilean author, journalist, film critic and film director who rose to critical prominence in the 1990s as part of the movement known as the New Chilean Narrative. Although he was born in Santiago, he spent his first 13 years of life in Encino, California. He was among the fifty Latin American leaders selected by Time magazine and CNN in 1999, and he appeared on the front page of Newsweek magazine in 2002.

Death

José Donoso died of liver cancer in his house in Santiago, 7 December 1996 at the age of 72.[7] On his deathbed, according to popular belief, he asked that they read him the poems of Altazor of Vicente Huidobro. His remains were buried in the cemetery of a spa located in the province of Petorca, 80 kilometers from Valparaíso.[8]

In 2009, his daughter, Pilar Donoso, published a biography of her father titled Correr el tupido velo (Drawing the Veil), based on her father's private diaries, notes and letters, as well as Pilar's own memories.[9]

Source: "José Donoso", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 17th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Donoso.

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Further Reading

Camilo José Cela

José María Arguedas

Luisa Valenzuela

José María Merino

Diamela Eltit

Pedro Lemebel

Enrique Vila-Matas

Rodrigo Rey Rosa

Carlos Franz

José Miguel Vilar-Bou

Pablo Montoya (author)

Camilo Marks

Perla Suez

Carlos Gardini

Nelly Meruane

Orlando Echeverri Benedetti

Concha Zardoya
Bibliography

Novels

  • Coronación (Nascimento, 1957). Coronation, translated by Jocasta Goodwin (The Bodley Head; Knopf, 1965).
  • Este domingo (Zig-Zag, 1966). This Sunday, translated by Lorraine O'Grady Freeman (Knopf, 1967).
  • El lugar sin límites (1966). Hell Has No Limits, translated by Suzanne Jill Levine in Triple Cross (Dutton, 1972) and later as a revised translation (Sun & Moon Press, 1995).
  • El obsceno pájaro de la noche (Seix Barral, 1970). The Obscene Bird of Night, translated by Hardie St. Martin and Leonard Mades (Knopf, 1973).
  • Casa de campo (Seix Barral, 1978). A House in the Country, translated by David Pritchard and Suzanne Jill Levine (Knopf, 1984).
  • La misteriosa desaparición de la marquesita de Loria (1981). The Mysterious Disappearance of the Marquesita de Loria.
  • El jardín de al lado (1981). The Garden Next Door, translated by Hardie St. Martin (Grove, 1992).
  • La desesperanza (Seix Barral, 1986). Curfew, translated by Alfred MacAdam (George Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988).
  • Donde van a morir los elefantes (1995). Where the Elephants Will Die.
  • El mocho (posthumous, 1997). The Mocho.
  • Lagartija sin cola (posthumous, 2007). The Lizard's Tale, edited by Julio Ortega and translated by Suzanne Jill Levine (Northwestern University Press, 2011).

Novellas

  • Tres novelitas burguesas (Seix Barral, 1973). Sacred Families: Three Novellas, translated by Andrée Conrad (Knopf, 1977; Gollancz, 1978).
    • Contains: Chatanooga choochoo (Chattanooga Choo-Choo), Átomo verde número cinco (Green Atom Number Five) and Gaspard de la Nuit.
  • Cuatro para Delfina (Seix Barral, 1982).
    • Contains: Sueños de mala muerte, Los habitantes de una ruina inconclusa, El tiempo perdido and Jolie Madame
  • Taratuta y Naturaleza muerta con cachimba (Mondadori, 1990). Taratuta and Still Life with Pipe, translated by Gregory Rabassa (W. W. Norton, 1993).
  • Nueve novelas breves (Alfaguara, 1996).
    • Compiles Tres novelitas burguesas, Cuatro para Delfina and Taratuta y Naturaleza muerta con cachimba

Short story collections

  • Veraneo y otros cuentos (1955). Summertime and Other Stories.
    • Contains seven stories: "Veraneo" ("Summertime"), "Tocayos" ("Namesakes"), "El Güero" ("The Güero"), "Una señora" ("A Lady"), "Fiesta en grande" ("Big Party"), "Dos cartas" ("Two Letters") and "Dinamarquero" ("The Dane's Place").
    • Republished as Veraneo y sus mejores cuentos (Zig-Zag, 1985), with three additional stories: "Paseo", "El hombrecito" and "Santelices".
  • El charleston (1960).
    • Contains five stories: "El charleston" ("Charleston"), "La puerta cerrada" ("The Closed Door"), "Ana María", "Paseo" ("The Walk") and "El hombrecito" ("The Little Man").
  • Los mejores cuentos de José Donoso (Zig-Zag, 1966). The Best Stories of José Donoso. Selection by Luis Domínguez.
    • Contains: "Veraneo", "Tocayos", "El Güero", "Una señora", "Fiesta en grande", "Dos cartas", "Dinamarquero", "El charleston", "La puerta cerrada", "Ana María", "Paseo", "El hombrecito", "China" and "Santelices".
    • Republished as Cuentos (Seix Barral, 1973; Alfaguara, 1998; Penguin, 2015).
  • Charleston and Other Stories, translated by Andrée Conrad (Godine, 1977).
    • Contains nine stories from Cuentos: "Ana María", "Summertime", "The Güero", "A Lady", "The Walk", "The Closed Door", "The Dane's Place", "Charleston" and "Santelices".

Poems

  • Poemas de un novelista (1981)

Other

  • Historia personal del "boom" (1972). The Boom in Spanish American Literature: A Personal History, translated by Gregory Kolovakos (1977).
  • Artículos de incierta necesidad (1998). Selection of his articles published for magazines compiled by Cecilia García-Huidobro.
  • Conjeturas sobre la memoria de mi tribu (fictional memories, 1996). Conjectures About the Memory of My Tribe.
  • Diarios tempranos. Donoso in progress, 1950-1965 (2016)
Awards and honors
Further reading

English

  • The Underside of Power: Reading the Fantastic in the Works of the Chilean Writer José Donoso / Andrew M. Corley., 2017. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4331
  • The self in the narratives of José Donoso: Chile, 1924–1996 / Mary Lusky Friedman., 2004
  • The veracity of disguise in selected works of José Donoso: illusory deception / Brent J Carbajal., 2000
  • José Donoso's house of fiction: a dramatic construction of time and place / Flora María González Mandri., 1995
  • Understanding José Donoso / Sharon Magnarelli., 1993
  • Studies on the works of José Donoso: an anthology of critical essays / Miriam Adelstein., 1990
  • José Donoso, the "boom" and beyond / Philip Swanson., 1988
  • The creative process in the works of José Donoso / Guillermo I Castillo-Feliú., 1982
  • José Donoso (Twayne's World Authors Series) / George R McMurray., 1979

Spanish

  • Racionalidad e imaginación: transposiciones del cuerpo y de la mente en los cuentos de José Donoso / Sergio Véliz., 2001
  • Las últimas obras de José Donoso: juegos, roles y rituales en la subversión del poder / Michael Colvin., 2001
  • Donoso sin límites / Carlos Cerda., 1997
  • José Donoso, escritura y subversión del significado / Laura A Chesak., 1997
  • José Donoso: desde el texto al metatexto / Enrique Luengo., 1992
  • El simbolismo en la obra de José Donoso / Augusto C Sarrochi., 1992
  • José Donoso, impostura e impostación / Ricardo Gutiérrez Mouat., 1983
  • José Donoso: incursiones en su producción novelesca / Myrna Solotorevsky., 1983
  • Ideología y estructuras narrativas en José Donoso, 1950–1970 / Hugo Achugar., 1979
  • José Donoso: una insurrección contra la realidad / Isis Quinteros., 1978
  • José Donoso: la destrucción de un mundo / José Promis Ojeda., 1975
References
  1. ^ a b Magnarelli, Sharon (1993). Understanding José Donoso. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-87249-844-0.
  2. ^ Donoso, Jose Manuel (1951). "The Elegance of Mind of Jane Austen. An Interpretation of Her Novels Through the Attitudes of Heroines". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b c Cortés, Eladio; Cortes, Eladio; Barrea-Marlys, Mirta (2003). Encyclopedia of Latin American Theater (in Spanish). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-29041-1.
  4. ^ Ryan, Bryan (1991). Hispanic Writers: A Selection of Sketches from Contemporary Authors. Gale Research. ISBN 978-0-8103-7688-5.
  5. ^ Smith, Verity (26 March 1997). Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-31425-5.
  6. ^ Bollig, Ben (1 March 2015). "A Lizard's Tale: Irony and Immanent Critique in José Donoso's Lagartija sin cola". Romance Studies. 33 (2): 141–152. doi:10.1179/0263990415Z.00000000094. ISSN 0263-9904. S2CID 162152800.
  7. ^ McFadden, Robert D. (9 December 1996). "Jose Donoso, 72, Fantastical Chilean Novelist". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  8. ^ Ortega, Julio (21 August 2003). "Los papeles de José Donoso". rebellion.org. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Correr el tupido velo, de Pilar Donoso". Letras Libres (in Spanish). 10 May 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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