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Jürgen Rohwer

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Rohwer in 2004
Rohwer in 2004

Jürgen Rohwer (24 May 1924 – 24 July 2015) was a German military historian and professor of history at the University of Stuttgart. Rohwer wrote over 400 books and essays on World War II naval history and military intelligence, which gained him worldwide recognition as a prominent historian and a leading authority on U-boats.[1]

Biography

Rohwer was born in Friedrichroda. After leaving school in 1942, he entered the Kriegsmarine as an officer candidate (crew VI/42).[2] During World War II he served on several German warships, e.g. destroyer Z24, Sperrbrecher 104/Martha, and minesweeper M-502.[2] After the end of the war he left service and studied history at the University of Hamburg.[2] During that time he got into contact with Günter Hessler – son in law to Karl Dönitz – and was commissioned by the British Royal Navy to write an official account of the U-boat war 1939–1945.[3]

In 1954 he received his doctoral degree at Hamburg University for his dissertation on German-American relations from 1937 to 1941. In 1959 he became the director of the Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte in Stuttgart.[4] During his tenure, the library became an internationally renown institution for military history and especially the war at sea. In the 1970s, Rohwer researched the history of cryptanalysis in World War II and especially the decoding of Enigma by the British and Polish scientists.[3][4] In a cooperation of the Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte and the University of Stuttgart, the congress "Der Mord an den europäischen Juden" (The murder of the European Jews) took place in May 1984. Together with Eberhard Jäckel, Rohwer edited the book "Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Entschlußbildung und Verwirklichung", which contains the most important contributions from the congress.[5] Jürgen Rohwer retired in 1989.[4] He died in Weinstadt.

Discover more about Biography related topics

Friedrichroda

Friedrichroda

Friedrichroda is a town in the district of Gotha, Thuringia, Germany. It is situated at the north foot of the Thuringian Forest, 21 km by rail southwest of the town of Gotha. It is surrounded by fir-clad hills and possesses numerous handsome villa residences, a Kurhaus and a sanatorium. In the immediate neighborhood is the beautiful ducal hunting seat of Reinhardsbrunn, built out of the ruins of the famous Benedictine monastery founded in 1085. On 1 December 2007, the former municipalities Ernstroda and Finsterbergen were incorporated by Friedrichroda.

Kriegsmarine

Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war Reichsmarine (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The Kriegsmarine was one of three official branches, along with the Heer and the Luftwaffe, of the Wehrmacht, the German armed forces from 1935 to 1945.

German destroyer Z24

German destroyer Z24

Z24 was one of fifteen Type 1936A destroyers built for the Kriegsmarine during World War II. Completed in 1940, the ship spent the first half of the war in Norwegian waters. She was very active in attacking the Arctic convoys ferrying war materials to the Soviet Union in 1941–1942, but only helped to sink one Allied ship herself.

Sperrbrecher

Sperrbrecher

A Sperrbrecher, was a German auxiliary ship of the First World War and the Second World War that served as a type of minesweeper, steaming ahead of other vessels through minefields and detonating them with their reinforced hull. Also used as anti-aircraft ships, the Sperrbrecher suffered heavy losses in the war.

Minesweeper

Minesweeper

A minesweeper is a small warship designed to remove or detonate naval mines. Using various mechanisms intended to counter the threat posed by naval mines, minesweepers keep waterways clear for safe shipping.

Günter Hessler

Günter Hessler

Günter Hessler was a German naval officer during World War II. He commanded the Type IXB U-boat U-107, sinking twenty-one ships on three patrols, totalling 118,822 GRT of Allied shipping. Hessler was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and was commissioned after the war to write an account of the U-boat war by the British Ministry of Defence.

Karl Dönitz

Karl Dönitz

Karl Dönitz was a German admiral who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as head of state in May 1945, holding the position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government following Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies days later. As Supreme Commander of the Navy beginning in 1943, he played a major role in the naval history of World War II.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Library of Contemporary History

Library of Contemporary History

The Library of Contemporary History is one of Europe's largest special libraries for contemporary history, in Stuttgart, Germany.

Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis

Cryptanalysis refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is unknown.

Cryptanalysis of the Enigma

Cryptanalysis of the Enigma

Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from other decrypted Axis radio and teleprinter transmissions, was given the codename Ultra.

Eberhard Jäckel

Eberhard Jäckel

Eberhard Jäckel was a German historian. In the 1980s, he was a principal protagonist in the Historians' Dispute (Historikerstreit) over how to incorporate Nazi Germany and the Holocaust into German historiography and over Hitler's intentions.

Publications

  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1965). Die Versenkung der jüdischen Flüchtlingstransporter Struma und Mefkure im Schwarzen Meer (Februar 1942, August 1944): historische Untersuchung [The sinking of the Jewish refugee transporters Struma and Mefkure in the Black Sea (February 1942, August 1944): historical investigation] (in German). Frankfurt/Main: Bernard & Graefe. OCLC 910515.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1968). Die U-Boot-Erfolge der Achsenmächte 1939–1945 [The Axis Submarine Successes 1939–1945] (in German). München: Lehmann. OCLC 464537651.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1977). The Critical Convoy Battles of March 1943: The Battle for HX.229/SC122. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-818-2.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1983). Axis submarine successes: 1939–1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1997). Allied submarine attacks of World War Two: European Theatre of Operations 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-274-2.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two. Annapolis: US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2. OCLC 936659254.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1968). Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945 [Chronicle of the Naval War 1939–1945] (in German). Oldenburg: Stalling.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (1979). Jäckel, Eberhard (ed.). Die Funkaufklärung und ihre Rolle im Zweiten Weltkrieg [Radio reconnaissance and its role in World War II] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.
  • Jäckel, Eberhard; Rohwer, Jürgen, eds. (1985). Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Entschlussbildung und Verwirklichung [The Murder of the Jews in World War II: Decision Making and Realization] (in German). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 3-421-06255-2.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Monakov, Mikhail S. (2001). Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Ship Building Programs 1935–1953. London: Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.

Source: "Jürgen Rohwer", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 12th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jürgen_Rohwer.

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Further Reading

Eberhard Jäckel

MV Mefküre

Bernburg Euthanasia Centre

Heinz Bonatz

Christian Hartmann

Library of Contemporary History

LXXXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
References
  1. ^ "In Memoriam: Prof. Dr. Jürgen Rohwer, Honorary President of the IIHA". International Intelligence History Association. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Heitmann, Jan (2004). "Prof. Dr. Jürgen Rohwer zum 80. Geburtstag". Schiff & Zeit. 59: 44.
  3. ^ a b Klüver, Hartmut, ed. (2004). Marinegeschichte, Seekrieg, Funkaufklärung: Festschrift für Jürgen Rohwer [Naval history, naval warfare, radio reconnaissance: Festschrift for Jürgen Rohwer] (in German). Düsseldorf: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Schiffahrts- und Marinegeschichte. pp. 79–84. ISBN 3-935091-16-8. OCLC 56966870.
  4. ^ a b c Westerhoff, Christian, ed. (2015). 100 Jahre Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte 1915-2015 Festschrift [Festschrift: 100 Years Library of Contemporary History 1915-2015] (in German). Stuttgart: Württembergische Landesbibliothek. pp. 112–124. ISBN 978-3-88282-080-5. OCLC 930340717.
  5. ^ Jäckel, Eberhard; Rohwer, Jürgen, eds. (1985). Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Entschlussbildung und Verwirklichung [The Murder of the Jews in World War II: Decision Making and Realization] (in German). Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 3-421-06255-2. OCLC 13108571.
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