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Ibadah

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Ibadah (Arabic: عبادة, ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude.[1] In Islam, ibadah is usually translated as "worship", and ibadat—the plural form of ibadah—refers to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) of Muslim religious rituals.[2]

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Arabic

Arabic

Arabic is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece.

Islam

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.

Fiqh

Fiqh

Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is often described as the human understanding and practices of the sharia, that is human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the Sunnah. Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (ijtihad) of the Quran and Sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) and is implemented by the rulings (fatwa) of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas sharia is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, fiqh is considered fallible and changeable. Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as economic and political system. In the modern era, there are four prominent schools (madh'hab) of fiqh within Sunni practice, plus two within Shi'a practice. A person trained in fiqh is known as a faqīh.

Ibadah

In Arabic ibadah is connected with related words such as "Ubudiyyah" ("slavery"), and has connotations of obedience, submission, and humility. The word linguistically means "obedience with submission".[3]

In Islam, ibadah is usually translated as "worship" and means obedience, submission, and devotion to God.[4][1]

Other sources (noted Islamist author Abul A'la Maududi[5] and others)[6] give a broader definition of ibadah, including keeping speech free "from filth, falsehood, malice, abuse", and dishonesty, obeying Islamic Shariah law in "commercial and economic affairs" and in "dealings with your parents, relatives, friends", and everyone else.[5]

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Slavery

Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labor. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the enslaver. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery.

Islam

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.

God in Islam

God in Islam

God in Islam is seen as the eternal creator and sustainer of the universe, who will eventually resurrect all humans. In Islam, God is conceived as a perfect, singular, immortal, omnipotent, and omniscient god, completely infinite in all of his attributes. Islam further emphasizes that God is most-merciful.

Abul A'la Maududi

Abul A'la Maududi

Syed Abul A'la al-Maududi was an Islamic scholar, Islamist ideologue, Muslim philosopher, jurist, historian, journalist, activist and scholar active in British India and later, following the partition, in Pakistan. Described by Wilfred Cantwell Smith as "the most systematic thinker of modern Islam", his numerous works, which "covered a range of disciplines such as Qur’anic exegesis, hadith, law, philosophy and history", were written in Urdu, but then translated into English, Arabic, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Burmese, Malayalam and many other languages. He sought to revive Islam, and to propagate what he understood to be "true Islam". He believed that Islam was essential for politics and that it was necessary to institute sharia and preserve Islamic culture in a similar fashion as to that during the reign of the Rashidun Caliphs and abandon immorality, from what he viewed as the evils of secularism, nationalism and socialism, which he understood to be the influence of Western imperialism.

Ibadat

Ibadat (عبادات) is the plural form of ibādah. In addition to meaning more than one ibādah,[7] it refers to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) on "the rules governing worship in Islam"[8] or the "religious duties of worship incumbent on all Muslims when they come of age and are of sound body and mind".[9] It is distinguished from other subjects of jurisprudence in Islam which are usually known as muʿāmalāt (interpersonal transactions).[2][10][7]

Ibadat include what are known as the "pillars of Islam":

  • Declaration of faith (shahadah), translated as "There is no god other than Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah";[9]
  • ritual prayer (salat), observed five times every day at prescribed times, with prescribed preparations (ritual cleaning), prescribed movements (standing, bowing, prostrating, sitting) and prescribed verses, phrases;[9]
  • alms giving (zakah) -- customarily 2.5% of a Muslim's total savings and wealth above a minimum amount known as nisab, which is based on income and the value of all of one's possessions;[9]
  • fasting (sawm) -- the abstention from eating and drinking during daylight hours—especially during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan;[9]
  • pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)[9]—the annual Islamic pilgrimage to the most holy city of the Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

According to Oxford Islamic Studies, "because they are of central importance to the Muslim community, the ibadat form the first subject matter of Islamic jurisprudence and most collections of prophetic traditions (hadith)."[9] The subject of ibadat is especially important in Islam (according to author Faleel Jamaldeen) because without these religious laws, "Muslims would likely create their own rituals and prayers, and the religion of Islam would falter and eventually disappear."[11]

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Fiqh

Fiqh

Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is often described as the human understanding and practices of the sharia, that is human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the Sunnah. Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (ijtihad) of the Quran and Sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) and is implemented by the rulings (fatwa) of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas sharia is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, fiqh is considered fallible and changeable. Fiqh deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam as well as economic and political system. In the modern era, there are four prominent schools (madh'hab) of fiqh within Sunni practice, plus two within Shi'a practice. A person trained in fiqh is known as a faqīh.

Muamalat

Muamalat

Muamalat is a part of Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh. Sources agree that muamalat includes Islamic "rulings governing commercial transactions" and Majallah al-Ahkam al-Adliyyah).

Five Pillars of Islam

Five Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars of Islam are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name. They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able.

Allah

Allah

Allah is the common Arabic word for God. In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam. The word is thought to be derived by contraction from al-ilāh, which means "the god", and is linguistically related to the Aramaic words Elah and Syriac ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (ʼAlāhā) and the Hebrew word El (Elohim) for God.

Nisab

Nisab

In Sharia niṣāb (نِصاب) is the minimum amount that a Muslim must have before being obliged to give zakat. Zakat is determined based on the amount of wealth acquired; the greater one's assets, the greater the zakat value. Unlike income tax in secular states niṣāb is not subject to special exemptions.

Fasting in Islam

Fasting in Islam

In Islam, fasting is the practice of abstaining, usually from food, drink, smoking, and sexual activity. During the holy month of Ramadan, Sawm is observed between dawn and nightfall when the adhan of the Maghrib prayer is sounded. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar and fasting is a requirement for Muslims as it is the fourth of the five pillars of Islam.

Mecca

Mecca

Mecca is the holiest city in Islam and the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its last recorded population was 1,578,722 in 2015. Its estimated metro population in 2020 is 2.042 million, making it the third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Pilgrims more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Hijri month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah.

Hajj

Hajj

Hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and of supporting their family during their absence from home.

Islam

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.

Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage

A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, after which the pilgrim returns to their daily life.

Fard

Fard

Farḍ or farīḍah (فريضة) or fardh in Islam is a religious duty commanded by God. The word is also used in Turkish, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Malay in the same meaning. Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive hasanat, ajr or thawab each time for each good deed.

Hadith

Hadith

Ḥadīth or Athar refers to what most Muslims and the mainstream schools of Islamic thought, believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. In other words, the ḥadīth are transmitted reports attributed to what Muhammad said and did.

Source: "Ibadah", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, October 17th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadah.

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Further Reading

Rak'a

Hudud

Tahrir al-Wasilah

Seven pillars of Ismailism

Islam

Abul A'la Maududi

Islamic Publishing House

Salah
See also
References
  1. ^ a b Tariq al-Jamil (2009). "ʿIbādah". In John L. Esposito (ed.). Ibadah. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5.
  2. ^ a b "Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition". Brill Online Reference Works. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  3. ^ al-Qamoos al-Muhit
  4. ^ "Al-Qur'an 51:56". Quran Surah Adh-Dhaariyat ( Verse 56 )
  5. ^ a b Abul A'la Maududi. "The Spirit of Worship in Islam (part 1 of 3): Worship and Prayer - The Religion of Islam". Islamreligion.com. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  6. ^ Muhaimin, A. G. "4. The Ritual Practice: IBADAT: AN AMBIGUOUS CONCEPT OF RITUAL IN ISLAM". The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon: Ibadat and Adat Among Javanese Muslims. press-files.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  7. ^ a b Wehr, Hans. "Mawrid Reader. Hans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th ed. (hw4)". ejtaal.net. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
  8. ^ Bowker, John (January 2003). "ʿIbādāt". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. oxfordreference.com. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280094-7. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Ibadah - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Retrieved 2017-04-08.
  10. ^ The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-513405-6. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  11. ^ Jamaldeen, Faleel (2012). Islamic Finance For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 41. ISBN 9781118233900.
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