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Henrik Lange

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Henrik Lange
Henrik Lange GMSF.003092.jpg
Born(1908-05-27)27 May 1908
Nacka, Sweden
Died5 November 2000(2000-11-05) (aged 92)
Lidingö, Sweden
Buried
AllegianceSweden
Service/branchCoastal Artillery (Swedish Navy)
Years of service1930–1972
RankLieutenant General
Commands held

Lieutenant General Henrik Lange (27 May 1908 – 5 November 2000) was a Swedish Coastal Artillery officer. Lange's senior commands include postings as Inspector of the Swedish Coastal Artillery, Chief of the Naval Staff and military commander of the Western Military District.

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Generallöjtnant

Generallöjtnant

Lieutenant General (LtGen) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and Swedish Amphibious Corps. Lieutenant general ranks immediately above major general and below a general. The rank is equivalent to vice admiral in the Swedish Navy.

Swedish Coastal Artillery

Swedish Coastal Artillery

The Swedish Coastal Artillery has its origin in the Archipelago Artillery that was raised in 1866. The Coastal Artillery was formed from the Archipelago Artillery, the Marine Regiment and parts of the Artillery in 1902. Kustartilleriet, abbreviated KA, was an independent branch within the Swedish Navy until July 1, 2000, when the Swedish Coastal Artillery was disbanded and reorganised as the Swedish Amphibious Corps. The changed name and new structure were to reflect the new tasks that the old Coastal Artillery had moved to after the end of the Cold War and the demise of the Warsaw Pact.

Chief of the Naval Staff (Sweden)

Chief of the Naval Staff (Sweden)

The Chief of the Naval Staff is the professional head of the Swedish Naval Staff. The post was created in 1907 with rear admiral Theodor Sandström as the first incumbent. The post disappeared in 1994 and was reintroduced in 2019 when the new Naval Staff was established.

Western Military District (Sweden)

Western Military District (Sweden)

Western Military District, originally III Military District was a Swedish military district, a command of the Swedish Armed Forces that had operational control over Western Sweden, for most time of its existence corresponding to the area covered by the counties of Gothenburg and Bohus, Älvsborg, Skaraborg and Halland. The headquarters of Milo V were located in Skövde.

Early life

Lange was born on 27 May 1908 in Nacka, Stockholm County, Sweden, the son of Karl Lange, an accountant, and his wife Märtha (née Lagercrantz), a bank clerk.[1][2] He passed studentexamen at Nya Elementarskolan in 1926 and immediately enrolled at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy.[2]

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Nacka

Nacka

Nacka is the municipal seat of Nacka Municipality and part of Stockholm urban area in Sweden. The municipality's name harks back to a 16th-century industrial operation established by the Crown at Nacka farmstead where conditions for water mills are good. However, and somewhat confusingly, that spot is not densely populated today and the municipal seat is on land that once belonged to Järla farmstead on the other side of Lake Järla.

Stockholm County

Stockholm County

Stockholm County is a county or län on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County. It also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland (Roslagen) and Södermanland (Södertörn). More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county. Stockholm County is also one of the statistical riksområden according to NUTS:SE, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two million inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden.

Studentexamen

Studentexamen

Studentexamen, earlier also mogenhetsexamen was the name of the university entrance examination in Sweden from the 17th century to 1968. From 1862 to 1968, it was taken as a final written and oral exam on graduation from gymnasium. In Finland the examination still exists. The exam traces its origin to the academic statutes from 1655 requiring the dean to examine students arriving at university before allowing matriculation. According to the school reglement of 1693, a prospective student was to have gone through both a final examination at school and an entrance examination at university. The school reglement of 1724 allowed students without a final examination from school to enroll at university, provided a person known at the university would guarantee their behaviour, which led to it becoming common for students from wealthy families to be matriculated at a very young age, accompanied by a private tutor. Although these were not actually supposed to be allowed to graduate, this rule was not always strictly upheld.

Royal Swedish Naval Academy

Royal Swedish Naval Academy

The Royal Swedish Naval Academy was a school for officer training for the Swedish Navy, which operated in various forms between the years 1756 and 1987.

Career

Military career

Lange was commissioned as an officer in the Swedish Coastal Artillery in 1930 with the rank of fänrik.[3] He became lieutenant in 1933 and attended the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute from 1933 to 1934 and the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College from 1935 to 1936 and served as regimental adjutant in Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 2) from 1936 to 1937.[1] Lange attended the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College, where he completed the general course in 1936 and the two-year staff course in 1939.[2] He was promoted to captain in 1939 and served as a teacher at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy from 1940 to 1942.[1] During the first years of the war, he also served as an adjutant to the Chief of the Swedish Coastal Artillery, and in 1942 he became head of a 15 cm artillery battery in Karlskrona.[2]

During the troubled and cold winter of 1942, he participated with a mobile 15 cm artillery battery during the Jämtland field service exercises led by Major General Helge Jung. The artillery battery was grouped with firing direction towards the Norwegian border, but the order was that it would not be camouflaged.[2] It was primarily a demonstration of strength, to show the Germans in Norway that there was modern long-range heavy artillery ready to fire on the border area.[4] He was promoted to major in 1944, and served as battalion commander in Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Detachment (KA 4) in 1945 and was head of department in the Coastal Artillery Inspectorate (Kustartilleriinspektionen) in 1948.[1] The war had brought with it a strong technological development. In 1946, Henrik Lange underwent training in radar service with the Royal Marines in various locations in England, and in 1948 he participated in the Royal Swedish Naval Materiel Administration's radar procurement in the same country.[2]

Lange was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1950 and served as commanding offier of the Swedish Coast Artillery School (Kustartilleriets skjutskola, KAS) from 1950 to 1954. In 1954 he attended the Swedish Infantry Combat School, and was promoted to colonel and was appointed Chief of Section I in the Naval Staff. In 1957, Lange was appointed commanding officer of Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence with Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 4). In 1958 he was appointed Defence District Commander of Gothenburg and Bohus County as well as Halland Defence District (Fo 32/31) as well as commanding officer of Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence (GbK). Lange attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in 1959 and in 1961 he was promoted to major general and appointed Inspector of the Swedish Coastal Artillery.[1] Lange served in this position for three years and was then Chief of the Naval Staff from 1964 to 1968 and military commander of the Western Military District from 1968 to 1972 when he was promoted to lieutenant general and retired from the military.[3]

Other work

Lange was deputy chairman of the Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training (Centralförbundet för Befälsutbildning) from 1964 to 1970, a member of the Real Estate Board of the Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarets fastighetsnämnd) from 1954 to 1957 and of the National [Swedish] Board of the Swedish Military Sports Association (Sveriges militära idrottsförbund) from 1947 to 1950. He was secretary there from 1955 to 1957 and chairman from 1957 as well as chairman of its federation board from 1967 to 1972. Lange was also a board member of the Swedish Fencing Association (Svenska Fäktförbundet) from 1948 to 1956, chairman of the Göteborgs sportskyttar ("Gothenburg's Sport Shooters") from 1957 to 1961, of Stockholm Sport Shooting Federation (Stockholms sportskytteförbund) from 1961 to 1964 and of the Swedish Sport Shooting Association (Svenska Sportskytteförbundet, SSF) from 1961 to 1964. Lange was a member of Lidingö City Council from 1963 to 1964.[1] Lange was chairman of Department II of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences from 1965 to 1968.[2]

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Fänrik

Fänrik

Fänrik is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above sergeant and below lieutenant. In the navy, it ranks above sergeant and below sub-lieutenant. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of översergeant. Fänrik means standard-bearer and has been used as a name for the lowest officer rank in the Swedish infantry since the 16th century, with the exception of the years 1835–1914.

Adjutant

Adjutant

Adjutant is a military appointment given to an officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration, mostly the management of human resources in an army unit. The term adjudant is used in French-speaking armed forces as a non-commissioned officer rank similar to a staff sergeant or warrant officer but is not equivalent to the role or appointment of an adjutant.

Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment

Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment

The Karlskrona Coastal Artillery Regiment, designation KA 2, was a Swedish Navy coastal artillery regiment of the Swedish Armed Forces which operated between 1902 and 2000. The unit was based in Karlskrona.

Karlskrona

Karlskrona

Karlskrona is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Jämtland

Jämtland

Jämtland is a historical province in the centre of Sweden in northern Europe. It borders Härjedalen and Medelpad to the south, Ångermanland to the east, Lapland to the north and Trøndelag and Norway to the west. Jämtland covers an area of 34,009 square kilometres, 8.3% of Sweden's total area and is the second largest province in Sweden. It has a population of 115,331, the majority of whom live in Storsjöbygden, the area surrounding lake Storsjön. Östersund is Jämtland's only city and is the 24th most populous city in Sweden. The historical province is one of the least densely populated.

Helge Jung

Helge Jung

General Helge Victor Jung was a Swedish Army officer. Jung's senior commands include the post of Chief of the Army Staff and the General Staff Corps, commander of the 2nd Army Division, military commander of the II Military District and the IV Military District. He served as the 2nd Supreme Commander from 1944 to 1951.

Norway–Sweden border

Norway–Sweden border

The Norway–Sweden border is a 1,630-kilometre (1,010 mi) long land national border, and the longest border for both Norway and Sweden.

German occupation of Norway

German occupation of Norway

The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen, which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".

Royal Marines

Royal Marines

The Corps of Royal Marines (RM), also known as the Royal Marines Commandos, are the UK's special operations capable commando force, amphibious light infantry and also one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy. The Corps of Royal Marines can trace their origins back to the formation of the "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" on 28 October 1664, and can trace their commando origins to the formation of the 3rd Special Service Brigade, now known as 3 Commando Brigade on 14 February 1942, during the Second World War.

England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea area of the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

Naval Staff (Sweden)

Naval Staff (Sweden)

Naval Staff is the staff of the Chief of the Swedish Navy. Established in 1907, it originated from the Fleet Staff which was established in 1896. The Naval Staff's duties included, among other things to assist the Chief of the Navy with leadership of the Navy's mobilization, training, tactics, organization, equipment and personnel to the extent that such activity was not directly related to operational activities, which was handled by the Defence Staff. In 1994, the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters took over the Naval Staff's duties. The Naval Staff was reestablished in 2019.

Defence District Commander

Defence District Commander

The Defence District Commander within the Swedish Armed Forces, was a senior commanding officer, who led forces in a geographical/military territorial district, or within a specific area of responsibility. The post was created in 1942 in connection with the Defence Act of 1942 and was terminated in 2000 through the Defence Act of 2000.

Personal life

In 1934, Lange married Birgitta Cedercrona (1913–2005), the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Hjalmar Cedercrona and Carin Kugelberg.[3] He was the father of Carin (born 1936), Märtha (born 1938) and Carl-Henrik (born 1942).[1]

Death

Lange died on 5 November 2000 in Lidingö and was interred in Lidingö Cemetery on 12 December 2000.[5][2]

Dates of rank

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Fänrik

Fänrik

Fänrik is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above sergeant and below lieutenant. In the navy, it ranks above sergeant and below sub-lieutenant. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of översergeant. Fänrik means standard-bearer and has been used as a name for the lowest officer rank in the Swedish infantry since the 16th century, with the exception of the years 1835–1914.

Löjtnant

Löjtnant

Löjtnant is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above second lieutenant and below captain. In the navy, it ranks above acting sub-lieutenant and below lieutenant. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of förvaltare. The rank has been used in Sweden since the Middle Ages.

Kapten

Kapten

Kapten is a company grade officer rank. In the army/airforce, it ranks above lieutenant and below major. In the navy, it ranks above sub-lieutenant and below lieutenant commander. It is equivalent to the specialist officers rank of förvaltare. The rank has been used in Sweden since the Middle Ages.

Major (Sweden)

Major (Sweden)

Major (Maj) is a field grade military officer rank in the Swedish Armed Forces, above the rank of captain and below the rank of lieutenant colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of lieutenant commander in the Swedish Navy.

Överstelöjtnant

Överstelöjtnant

Lieutenant colonel (LtCol) is a field grade officer rank in the Swedish Armed Forces, just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the Swedish Navy.

Överste

Överste

Colonel (Col) (Swedish: Överste, Öv) is the most senior field grade military officer rank in the Swedish Army and the Swedish Air Force, immediately above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general. It is equivalent to the naval rank of captain in the Swedish Navy.

Generalmajor (Sweden)

Generalmajor (Sweden)

Major General (MajGen) is a two-star commissioned officer rank in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and Swedish Amphibious Corps. Major general ranks immediately above brigadier general and below a lieutenant general. The rank is equivalent to rear admiral in the Swedish Navy.

Generallöjtnant

Generallöjtnant

Lieutenant General (LtGen) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the Swedish Army, Swedish Air Force and Swedish Amphibious Corps. Lieutenant general ranks immediately above major general and below a general. The rank is equivalent to vice admiral in the Swedish Navy.

Awards and decorations

Lange's awards:[1]

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Sweden

Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge–tunnel across the Öresund. At 447,425 square kilometres (172,752 sq mi), Sweden is the largest Nordic country, the third-largest country in the European Union, and the fifth-largest country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Stockholm. Sweden has a total population of 10.5 million, and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi), with around 87% of Swedes residing in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area, in the central and southern half of the country.

Order of the Sword

Order of the Sword

The Royal Order of the Sword is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star. The motto of the order is in Latin: Pro Patria.

Order of Vasa

Order of Vasa

The Royal Order of Vasa is a Swedish order of chivalry, awarded to citizens of Sweden for service to state and society especially in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. It was instituted on 29 May 1772 by King Gustav III. It was unrestricted by birth or education and could therefore be awarded to anyone. It was the most junior of all the Swedish orders. It was often awarded to Norwegian subjects of the dual monarchy until Oscar I founded the Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1847. Previously considered dormant from 1974, the order has again been active since 1 February 2023.

Home Guard Medal of Merit

Home Guard Medal of Merit

Home Guard Medal of Merit is a Swedish reward medal established in 1947 by the National Home Guard Council. It is awarded to those who, through significant service, have contributed to developing the Home Guard in addition to what the service requires.

Medal for Noble Deeds (Sweden)

Medal for Noble Deeds (Sweden)

The Medal for Noble Deeds is a Swedish medal intended to honour personal courage in a civilian context. It is used to honour not only the noble deed of lifesaving but also courage and presence of mind. Since its inception in 1832, the medal has been awarded in gold in two sizes and in silver in one size.

Swedish Federation for Voluntary Defence Education and Training Medal of Merit

Swedish Federation for Voluntary Defence Education and Training Medal of Merit

The Swedish Federation for Voluntary Defence Education and Training Medal of Merit awarded by the Swedish Federation for Voluntary Defence Education and Training and its predecessors since 1922. Its awarded for meritorious work and good personal efforts within the federation.

Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization Royal Medal of Merit

Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization Royal Medal of Merit

The Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization Royal Medal of Merit is a medal awarded by the Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization since 1943 for great personal effort has been beneficial to the organization through extraordinarily meritorious activities.

Swedish Auxiliary Naval Corps

Swedish Auxiliary Naval Corps

The National Association of Naval Volunteer Corps, commonly known as the Swedish Auxiliary Naval Corps is a Swedish auxiliary defence organization that cooperate with the Swedish Armed Forces.

Honours

Source: "Henrik Lange", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, August 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Lange.

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Footnotes
  1. ^ For saving a conscript from drowning in Karlskrona.[8]
References
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Davidsson, Åke, ed. (1968). Vem är vem?. 5, Norrland : supplement, register [Who's Who?. 5, Norrland : supplements, directory] (in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Vem är vem. pp. 763–764. SELIBR 53513.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Norberg, Erik (2001). "Minnesteckningar över bortgångna ledamöter 2000-2001". Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademiens handlingar och tidskrift (in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Krigsvetenskapsakademien. SELIBR 3417415.
  3. ^ a b c Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1985 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1985] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. 1984. p. 628. ISBN 91-1-843222-0. SELIBR 3681527.
  4. ^ Eklund, Gunnar; Dahlberg, Bengt; Lyth, Erik; Fernander, Per-Gunnar (2000-11-23). "DÖDSFALL: Henrik Lange". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). p. 22. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  5. ^ "Henrik Lange". www.finngraven.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 25 May 2020.
  6. ^ Sköldenberg, Bengt, ed. (1969). Sveriges statskalender. 1969 (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. p. 94. SELIBR 3682754.
  7. ^ Sveriges statskalender för skottåret 1968 (PDF) (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes offentliga publikationer. 1968. p. 97. SELIBR 8261599.
  8. ^ "Henrik Lange generalmajor". Sölvesborgstidningen (in Swedish). No. 223. Stockholm. TT. 1960-09-24. p. 3. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  9. ^ a b c Salander Mortensen, Jill, ed. (1996). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1997 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1997] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 645. ISBN 91-1-960852-7. SELIBR 3681533.
Military offices
Preceded by
Sven Haglund
Älvsborg Coastal Artillery Regiment
1957–1958
Succeeded by
Sixten Gråberg
Preceded by
Gilbert Nordqvist
Gothenburg and Bohus County as well as Halland Defence District
1957–1961
Succeeded by
Birger Björnsson
Preceded by
Sven Haglund
Gothenburg Coastal Artillery Defence
1957–1961
Succeeded by
Birger Björnsson
Preceded by Inspector of the Swedish Coastal Artillery
1961–1964
Succeeded by
Arne Widner
Preceded by Chief of the Naval Staff
1964–1968
Succeeded by
Preceded by Western Military District
1968–1972
Succeeded by
Claës Skoglund

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