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Hastings, Nebraska

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Hastings, Nebraska
Downtown Hastings: 2nd Street, looking eastward (2012)
Downtown Hastings: 2nd Street, looking eastward (2012)
Location within Adams and Nebraska
Location within Adams and Nebraska
Coordinates: 40°35′21″N 98°23′30″W / 40.58917°N 98.39167°W / 40.58917; -98.39167Coordinates: 40°35′21″N 98°23′30″W / 40.58917°N 98.39167°W / 40.58917; -98.39167
CountryUnited States
StateNebraska
CountyAdams
Area
 • Total15.05 sq mi (38.97 km2)
 • Land14.87 sq mi (38.51 km2)
 • Water0.18 sq mi (0.46 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total25,152
 • Density1,691.46/sq mi (653.09/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
68901-68902
Area code402
FIPS code31-21415
GNIS ID0829848[2]
U.S. RoutesUS 6.svg US 34.svg US 281.svg
Websitecityofhastings.org

Hastings is a city and the county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, United States.[3] The population was 25,152 at the 2020 census.

Edwin Perkins invented Kool-Aid in Hastings in 1927; the town celebrates the invention with the Kool-Aid Days festival every August.[4][5]

During World War II, Hastings operated the largest Naval Ammunition Depot in the United States.

Discover more about Hastings, Nebraska related topics

List of cities in Nebraska

List of cities in Nebraska

Nebraska is a state located in the Central United States.

County seat

County seat

A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, Taiwan, and the United States. The equivalent term shire town is used in the US state of Vermont and in some other English-speaking jurisdictions. County towns have a similar function in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, as well as historically in Jamaica.

Adams County, Nebraska

Adams County, Nebraska

Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 31,205. Its county seat is Hastings. The county was formed in 1867 and organized in 1871. It is named for John Adams, the second President of the United States.

Edwin Perkins (inventor)

Edwin Perkins (inventor)

Edwin Elijah Perkins, born in Lewis, Iowa, United States, invented the powdered drink mix Kool-Aid in 1927 in Hastings, Nebraska, after his family had moved to Hendley, Nebraska from Iowa in 1893.

Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid is an American brand of flavored drink mix owned by Kraft Heinz based in Chicago, Illinois. The powder form was created by Edwin Perkins in 1927 based upon a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack.

World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

History

Settlement

Hastings was founded in 1872 at the intersection of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad and the St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. It was named for Colonel D. T. Hastings of the St. Joseph and Grand Island Railroad, who was instrumental in building the railroad through Adams County.[6][7][8] The area was previously open plain: the Donner party passed through on its way to California in 1846 and a pioneer cemetery marker in Hastings bears an inscription taken from Tamsen Donner's journal: "The country between the Blue and the Platte is beautiful beyond compare. Never have I seen so varied a country so suitable to cultivation."[9]: 9  In the 1870s, railroads lured European immigrants to the new state of Nebraska with advertisements. Hastings' first settlers were English, from Liverpool, and were quickly joined by other English, Irish, Germans, Danes, and Germans from Russia.[9]: 9 

Between 1872 and 1880, when the population had grown to 2,800, Hastings was a boomtown. Settlers first built sod houses, dugouts, and shanties, then houses and stores. The city was incorporated in April 1874, and in September 1878, after a five-year Great County Seat War, the county seat was transferred to Hastings from Juniata.[10] However, a fire in 1879 destroyed 33 buildings downtown. The city was rebuilt between 1880 and 1890 in fireproof materials and in a more planned fashion, with characteristically ornate Victorian buildings, many designed by Charles C. Rittenhouse, the first practicing architect in Adams County and also mayor for ten years.[11] Thanks to the railroads, the city enjoyed great prosperity during the Gilded Age. The population grew to 13,500.[9]: 9  This period of expansion ended with the drought and agricultural depression of the 1890s; the town's population fell to 7,000 and would not reach 15,000 until 1930.

African Americans have lived in Hastings since the 1860s. In 1876, Horace G. Newsom started the first Black-owned newspaper in Nebraska.[12]

20th Century

Hastings saw renewed growth from 1900 to 1930, which is reflected by buildings in the Craftsman, Prairie, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare styles. The leading Arts and Crafts architect was Claude W. Way.[11] Hastings had four brickyards and in 1911 was producing more bricks than any other city in Nebraska,[13] and all the paving bricks.[14] During this period, the city also became known as the cigar-making capital of Nebraska. The largest cigar factory, the Kipp Cigar Company, was by 1921 hand-rolling one-fifth of all cigars produced in Nebraska; in 1925 it produced half, a total of 10 million.[9]: 72 [15] Cigars lost their popularity to cigarettes between the two World Wars, and in the 1930s the Great Depression again brought the town's expansion to a halt.

Looking east on First Street, circa 1944
Looking east on First Street, circa 1944

In 1942, the Naval Ammunition Depot (NAD) was constructed, initiating explosive growth: Hastings' population grew from 15,000 to 23,000 in under a year and there was a critical shortage of housing, which prompted both alteration of existing housing stock and rapid construction of new neighborhoods.[9]: 10  Once World War II ended, staff was reduced at the ammunition depot, bringing Hastings' last growth period to an end in 1950, and the depot eventually closed. The NAD also significantly increased the city's African American population, which went from 70 Black residents in 1940 to more than 1,000 by 1943.[16]

Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in Hastings. All of his experiments took place in his mother's kitchen. Its predecessor was a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack. To reduce shipping costs, in 1927, Perkins discovered a way to remove the liquid from Fruit Smack, leaving only a powder; this powder was named Kool-Aid. Perkins moved his production to Chicago in 1931 and Kool-Aid was sold to General Foods in 1953.[17] Hastings still celebrates a yearly summer festival called Kool-Aid Days on the second weekend in August in honor of their city's claim to fame. Kool-Aid is known as Nebraska's official soft drink.[18][19]

21st century

Today, Heartwell Park and Central Hastings, two of the oldest neighborhoods, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[9]: 10  The Hastings Symphony Orchestra performs in the Chautauqua Pavilion, built in 1907 and on the National Register of Historic Places, while the Hastings Community Theatre performs in the auditorium of the former Spencer Park School, built during the housing shortage of the 1940s. The city has adapted several of its historic buildings to new uses. Central Community College is housed in buildings of the former Naval Ammunition Depot. St. Michael's Elementary School (formerly the Lincoln Elementary School building), built in 1912, is now the police headquarters. The Clarke Hotel, built in 1914 and also on the National Register of Historic Places, is now the Kensington, a home for senior citizens.[9]: 10  Spencer Park, an 840-unit "village" built to house workers in the 1940s, is now Good Samaritan Retirement Village.[14]

In 2000, there were 200 African Americans living in Adams County, with almost all living in Hastings. According to the U.S. Census, in 2022 African Americans comprise .6% of the city's population. [20]

On June 24, 2007, Hastings won Yahoo's Greenest City in America competition.[21]

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Burlington and Missouri River Railroad

Burlington and Missouri River Railroad

The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad (B&MR) or sometimes (B&M) was an American railroad company incorporated in Iowa in 1852, with headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska. It was developed to build a railroad across the state of Iowa and began operations in 1856. It was acquired by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in 1872, and kept serving as its subsidiary.

California

California

California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Juniata, Nebraska

Juniata, Nebraska

Juniata is a village in Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 744 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hastings, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Gilded Age

Gilded Age

In United States history, the Gilded Age was an era extending roughly from 1877 to 1896, which was sandwiched between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was a time of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern and Western United States. As American wages grew much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, and industrialization demanded an ever-increasing unskilled labor force, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants.

List of African-American newspapers in Nebraska

List of African-American newspapers in Nebraska

This is a list of African-American newspapers that have been published in the state of Nebraska.

American Craftsman

American Craftsman

American Craftsman is an American domestic architectural style, inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, which included interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts, beginning in the last years of the 19th century. Its immediate ancestors in American architecture are the Shingle style, which began the move away from Victorian ornamentation toward simpler forms; and the Prairie style of Frank Lloyd Wright. The name "Craftsman" was appropriated from furniture-maker Gustav Stickley, whose magazine The Craftsman was first published in 1901. The architectural style was most widely used in small-to-medium-sized Southern California single-family homes from about 1905, so that the smaller-scale Craftsman style became known alternatively as "California bungalow". The style remained popular into the 1930s, and has continued with revival and restoration projects through present times.

Colonial Revival architecture

Colonial Revival architecture

The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture.

American Foursquare

American Foursquare

The American Foursquare or American Four Square is an American house style popular from the mid-1890s to the late 1930s. A reaction to the ornate and mass-produced elements of the Victorian and other Revival styles popular throughout the last half of the 19th century, the American Foursquare was plain, often incorporating handcrafted "honest" woodwork. This style incorporates elements of the Prairie School and the Craftsman styles. It is also sometimes called Transitional Period.

Arts and Crafts movement

Arts and Crafts movement

The Arts and Crafts movement was an international trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles and subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and America.

Great Depression

Great Depression

The Great Depression (1929–1939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century.

Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid

Kool-Aid is an American brand of flavored drink mix owned by Kraft Heinz based in Chicago, Illinois. The powder form was created by Edwin Perkins in 1927 based upon a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack.

Edwin Perkins (inventor)

Edwin Perkins (inventor)

Edwin Elijah Perkins, born in Lewis, Iowa, United States, invented the powdered drink mix Kool-Aid in 1927 in Hastings, Nebraska, after his family had moved to Hendley, Nebraska from Iowa in 1893.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.66 square miles (35.38 km2), of which 13.48 square miles (34.91 km2) is land and 0.18 square miles (0.47 km2) is water.[22]

Climate

A National Weather Service Forecast Office is located in Hastings, serving central and south-central Nebraska and six counties in north-central Kansas. The data below are from the WRCC.[23]

Hastings has a humid continental climate (Dfa) with short, cold, and snowy winters and hot, rainy summers with mild nights.

Climate data for Hastings, Nebraska (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1894–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)
80
(27)
90
(32)
96
(36)
105
(41)
110
(43)
116
(47)
111
(44)
105
(41)
97
(36)
86
(30)
80
(27)
116
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 59.5
(15.3)
65.2
(18.4)
76.7
(24.8)
85.2
(29.6)
91.4
(33.0)
96.6
(35.9)
99.1
(37.3)
96.9
(36.1)
93.4
(34.1)
86.1
(30.1)
73.6
(23.1)
60.8
(16.0)
100.4
(38.0)
Average high °F (°C) 35.9
(2.2)
40.3
(4.6)
52.6
(11.4)
62.8
(17.1)
72.9
(22.7)
83.5
(28.6)
87.4
(30.8)
85.0
(29.4)
78.5
(25.8)
65.2
(18.4)
50.6
(10.3)
38.5
(3.6)
62.7
(17.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 25.7
(−3.5)
29.5
(−1.4)
40.4
(4.7)
50.5
(10.3)
61.5
(16.4)
72.2
(22.3)
76.4
(24.7)
73.8
(23.2)
66.1
(18.9)
52.8
(11.6)
39.2
(4.0)
28.5
(−1.9)
51.3
(10.7)
Average low °F (°C) 15.4
(−9.2)
18.7
(−7.4)
28.2
(−2.1)
38.2
(3.4)
50.1
(10.1)
60.8
(16.0)
65.3
(18.5)
62.9
(17.2)
53.7
(12.1)
40.5
(4.7)
27.8
(−2.3)
18.6
(−7.4)
40.0
(4.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −5.8
(−21.0)
−1.3
(−18.5)
8.3
(−13.2)
22.9
(−5.1)
35.3
(1.8)
49.1
(9.5)
54.8
(12.7)
52.3
(11.3)
38.7
(3.7)
23.1
(−4.9)
10.4
(−12.0)
−0.9
(−18.3)
−10.3
(−23.5)
Record low °F (°C) −30
(−34)
−30
(−34)
−15
(−26)
5
(−15)
22
(−6)
34
(1)
45
(7)
40
(4)
26
(−3)
4
(−16)
−7
(−22)
−23
(−31)
−30
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.61
(15)
0.80
(20)
1.36
(35)
2.98
(76)
4.48
(114)
3.74
(95)
3.58
(91)
3.37
(86)
2.16
(55)
1.97
(50)
1.21
(31)
0.86
(22)
26.54
(674)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 6.8
(17)
7.5
(19)
3.8
(9.7)
1.7
(4.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
1.1
(2.8)
2.3
(5.8)
5.6
(14)
28.4
(72)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in.) 5.3 5.6 7.3 9.2 12.2 10.2 8.9 9.7 7.0 6.9 5.2 5.1 91.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in.) 4.6 4.7 2.8 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.8 4.1 19.7
Source: NOAA[24][25]

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United States Census Bureau

United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States.

National Weather Service

National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information. It is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) branch of the Department of Commerce, and is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, within the Washington metropolitan area. The agency was known as the United States Weather Bureau from 1890 until it adopted its current name in 1970.

Kansas

Kansas

Kansas is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the (south) wind" although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.

Humid continental climate

Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot summers and cold winters. Precipitation is usually distributed throughout the year but often does have dry seasons. The definition of this climate regarding temperature is as follows: the mean temperature of the coldest month must be below 0 °C (32.0 °F) or −3 °C (26.6 °F) depending on the isotherm, and there must be at least four months whose mean temperatures are at or above 10 °C (50 °F). In addition, the location in question must not be semi-arid or arid. The cooler Dfb, Dwb, and Dsb subtypes are also known as hemiboreal climates.

Köppen climate classification

Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notably in 1918 and 1936. Later, German climatologist Rudolf Geiger (1894–1981) introduced some changes to the classification system, which is thus sometimes called the Köppen–Geiger climate classification.

Precipitation

Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates" or falls. Thus, fog and mist are not precipitation but colloids, because the water vapor does not condense sufficiently to precipitate. Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead to air becoming saturated: cooling the air or adding water vapor to the air. Precipitation forms as smaller droplets coalesce via collision with other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called showers.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18802,817
189013,584382.2%
19007,188−47.1%
19109,33829.9%
192011,64724.7%
193015,49033.0%
194015,145−2.2%
195020,21133.4%
196021,4125.9%
197023,58010.1%
198023,045−2.3%
199022,837−0.9%
200024,0645.4%
201024,9073.5%
202025,1521.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[26][27]

Hastings is the principal city of the Hastings, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area, which consists of Adams and Clay counties.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 24,907 people, 10,110 households, and 6,160 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,847.7 inhabitants per square mile (713.4/km2). There were 10,847 housing units at an average density of 804.7 per square mile (310.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 90.4% White, 1.0% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.0% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.8% of the population.

There were 10,110 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.1% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 36.8 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 12.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.1% were from 45 to 64; and 15.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 24,064 people, 9,610 households, and 5,948 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,448.5 people per square mile (945.2/km2). There were 10,333 housing units at an average density of 1,051.4 per square mile (405.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.39% White, 0.79% African American, 0.42% Native American, 2.02% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.39% from other races, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.58% of the population.

There were 9,610 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.1% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 12.8% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $35,461, and the median income for a family was $44,688. Males had a median income of $29,633 versus $21,262 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,941. About 5.6% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

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1880 United States census

1880 United States census

The United States census of 1880 conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880 was the tenth United States census. It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators. The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker. This was the first census in which a city—New York City—recorded a population of over one million.

1890 United States census

1890 United States census

The United States census of 1890 was taken beginning June 2, 1890, but most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in 1921 when a building caught fire and in the subsequent disposal of the remaining damaged records. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766—an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census. The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier.

1900 United States census

1900 United States census

The United States census of 1900, conducted by the Census Office on June 1, 1900, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21.01% from the 62,979,766 persons enumerated during the 1890 census.

1910 United States census

1910 United States census

The United States census of 1910, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census. The 1910 census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation.

1920 United States census

1920 United States census

The United States census of 1920, conducted by the Census Bureau during one month from January 5, 1920, determined the resident population of the United States to be 106,021,537, an increase of 15.0 percent over the 92,228,496 persons enumerated during the 1910 census.

1930 United States census

1930 United States census

The United States census of 1930, conducted by the Census Bureau one month from April 1, 1930, determined the resident population of the United States to be 122,775,046, an increase of 13.7 percent over the 106,021,537 persons enumerated during the 1920 census.

1940 United States census

1940 United States census

The United States census of 1940, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7.6 percent over the 1930 population of 122,775,046 people. The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

1950 United States census

1950 United States census

The United States census of 1950, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 150,697,361, an increase of 14.5 percent over the 131,669,275 persons enumerated during the 1940 census.

1960 United States census

1960 United States census

The United States census of 1960, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 179,323,175, an increase of 19 percent over the 151,325,798 persons enumerated during the 1950 census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 200,000. This census's data determined the electoral votes for the 1964 and 1968 presidential elections. This was also the last census in which New York was the most populous state.

1970 United States census

1970 United States census

The United States census of 1970, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 203,392,031, an increase of 13.4 percent over the 179,323,175 persons enumerated during the 1960 census.

1980 United States census

1980 United States census

The United States census of 1980, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11.4 percent over the 203,184,772 persons enumerated during the 1970 census. It was the first census in which a state—California—recorded a population of 20 million people, as well as the first in which all states recorded populations of over 400,000.

1990 United States census

1990 United States census

The United States census of 1990, conducted by the Census Bureau, was the first census to be directed by a woman, Barbara Everitt Bryant. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons enumerated during the 1980 census.

Transportation

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service at station in Hastings, operating its California Zephyr daily in each direction between Chicago and Emeryville, California, across the bay from San Francisco. Hastings is served by major highways, including east-west U.S. Highways 6 and 34, and north-south U.S. Highway 281. Burlington Avenue is the main street running from south to north in Hastings; northward it leads to U.S. 281. Hastings is approximately 14 miles (23 km) south of Interstate 80.

Hastings Municipal Airport, owned and operated by the City of Hastings, serves the city.

There is currently no Uber taxi service or other internet-ordered taxi services or ride-sharing services.

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Amtrak

Amtrak

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak, is the national passenger railroad company of the United States. It operates inter-city rail service in 46 of the 48 contiguous U.S. states and three Canadian provinces. Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track.

Hastings station (Nebraska)

Hastings station (Nebraska)

Hastings station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Hastings, Nebraska. It is served daily by the California Zephyr.

California Zephyr

California Zephyr

The California Zephyr is a passenger train operated by Amtrak between Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area, via Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake City, and Reno. At 2,438 miles (3,924 km), it is Amtrak's longest daily route, and second-longest overall after the Texas Eagle's triweekly continuation from San Antonio to Los Angeles, with travel time between the termini taking approximately 511⁄2 hours. Amtrak claims the route as one of its most scenic, with views of the upper Colorado River valley in the Rocky Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada. The modern train is the second iteration of a train named California Zephyr; the original train was privately operated and ran on a different route through Nevada and California.

Emeryville, California

Emeryville, California

Emeryville is a city located in northwest Alameda County, California, in the United States. It lies in a corridor between the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, with a border on the shore of San Francisco Bay. The resident population was 12,905 as of 2020. Its proximity to San Francisco, the Bay Bridge, the University of California, Berkeley, and Silicon Valley has been a catalyst for recent economic growth.

San Francisco

San Francisco

San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California, with 815,201 residents as of 2021, and covers a land area of 46.9 square miles, at the end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. Among the 91 U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco was ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income as of 2021. Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include SF, San Fran, The City, Frisco, and Baghdad by the Bay.

U.S. Route 6 in Nebraska

U.S. Route 6 in Nebraska

U.S. Highway 6 (US-6) in the U.S. state of Nebraska is a United States Numbered Highway which goes from the Colorado border west of Imperial in the west to the Iowa border in the east at Omaha. Significant portions of the highway are concurrent with other highways, most significantly, US-34 between Culbertson and Hastings. Also, from Milford east to the Iowa border, the highway is closely paralleled by Interstate 80 (I-80). Large portions of the route parallel the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.

U.S. Route 34 in Nebraska

U.S. Route 34 in Nebraska

In the U.S. state of Nebraska, U.S. Highway 34 is a highway which goes between the Colorado border west of Haigler to the Iowa border east of Plattsmouth. Between Culbertson and Hastings, U.S. 34 overlaps U.S. Highway 6. From Grand Island to Lincoln, U.S. 34 has been replaced by Interstate 80 as a high-speed corridor and mostly serves local traffic. On this portion of the highway, U.S. 34 is continuously north of Interstate 80. Within Lincoln, U.S. 34 runs concurrent with all of Interstate 180, and much of it follows O Street.

Interstate 80 in Nebraska

Interstate 80 in Nebraska

Interstate 80 (I-80) in the US state of Nebraska runs east from the Wyoming state border across the state to Omaha. Construction of the stretch of I-80 spanning the state was completed on October 19, 1974. Nebraska was the first state in the nation to complete its mainline Interstate Highway System.

Hastings Municipal Airport

Hastings Municipal Airport

Hastings Municipal Airport is two miles northwest of Hastings in Adams County, Nebraska. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a "general aviation" airport.

Uber

Uber

Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber), based in San Francisco, provides mobility as a service/ride-hailing, food delivery/package delivery/couriers via Uber Eats and Postmates, and freight transport. Uber sets fares, which vary using a dynamic pricing model based on local supply and demand at the time of the booking and are quoted to the customer in advance, and receives a commission from each booking. It has operations in approximately 70 countries and 10,500 cities and, with 131 million monthly active users and 5.4 million active drivers and couriers worldwide, it generates an average of 23 million trips per day.

Education

The school district is the Hastings Public Schools.

Hastings has several elementary schools. The largest public elementary is Alcott. Others include Hawthorne, Watson, and Lincoln. Zion Classical Academy serves students in grades Preschool–8. There was a new middle school that opened in the fall of 2008. The high schools are Hastings High School (public) Athletics Class B and St. Cecilia's (Catholic) Athletics class C–2.

Just outside town is Adams Central Junior-Senior High School (public rural) Athletics Class C.

Hastings College is a private liberal arts college, affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA), and founded in 1882. Central Community College, a two-year technical college, began serving students in 1966, and it occupies the site of the old Naval Ammunition Depot.[9]: 10 

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Hastings Public Schools (Nebraska)

Hastings Public Schools (Nebraska)

Hastings Public Schools (HPS) is a school district headquartered in Hastings, Nebraska, United States.

Hastings Senior High School (Nebraska)

Hastings Senior High School (Nebraska)

Hastings High School (HHS) is a public secondary school located in Hastings, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Hastings Public Schools school district. Other area high schools are St. Cecilia High School and Adams Central Junior-Senior High School. HHS is the largest of the three.

Adams Central Junior-Senior High School

Adams Central Junior-Senior High School

Adams Central Jr-Sr High School is a public secondary school located near Hastings, Nebraska, United States.

Hastings College

Hastings College

Hastings College is a private Presbyterian college in Hastings, Nebraska.

Presbyterian Church (USA)

Presbyterian Church (USA)

The Presbyterian Church (USA), abbreviated PC(USA), is a mainline Protestant denomination in the United States. It is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the US, and known for its liberal stance on doctrine and its ordaining of women and members of the LGBT community as elders and ministers. The PC(USA) was established by the 1983 merger of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, whose churches were located in the Southern and border states, with the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, whose congregations could be found in every state. The similarly named Presbyterian Church in America is a separate denomination whose congregations can also trace their history to the various schisms and mergers of Presbyterian churches in the United States. Unlike the PCA, the PC(USA) supports the ordination of women and affirms same-sex marriage. It also welcomes practicing gay and lesbian persons to serve in leadership positions as ministers, deacons, elders, and trustees.

Fisher Fountain

Fisher Rainbow Fountain; in the background is the Hastings Utilities complex (2010)
Fisher Rainbow Fountain; in the background is the Hastings Utilities complex (2010)

The Jacob Fisher Rainbow Fountain in Highland Park shoots continuously changing arrays of water jets (reaching heights of 67 feet) while green, yellow, orange, red, magenta, and blue lights illuminate the water in varying patterns.

Fisher Fountain was originally a temporary exhibit at the 1932 Adams County Fair, called the Electric Fountain. It was invented by Edward R. Howard and became a symbol of hope during the Great Depression and Dust Bowl. Because of its popularity, it was moved to the park and made permanent. A competition among schoolchildren to rename it resulted in two winning names that were combined: Rainbow Fountain, and Fisher Fountain after Mayor Jacob Fisher.[28] According to Spilinek,[9]: 79  it was set up on the grounds of Hastings Utilities.

Fisher Fountain was renovated in 1982 but was then dynamited by vandals in 1984. Its destruction aroused a strong community response. $63,000 was raised to rebuild it, and it was rededicated on Mother's Day in 1985.[29]

Hastings Museum

The Hastings Museum of Natural and Cultural History is in an art deco building funded by $75,000 from the Works Progress Administration and completed in 1939. Albert Brooking, who founded the museum in 1926 and provided it with many exhibits, including Indian relics, fossils, and the largest private collection of mounted birds in the US,[30] was buried in the basement in 1946.[9]: 80  The museum currently houses the Lied Super Screen Theatre, McDonald Planetarium, and local and regional exhibits including the largest diorama of whooping and sandhill cranes in the world.[31] The Adams County Historical Society is located within the museum.

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Works Progress Administration

Works Progress Administration

The Works Progress Administration was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. It was set up on May 6, 1935, by presidential order, as a key part of the Second New Deal.

Whooping crane

Whooping crane

The whooping crane is the tallest North American bird, named for its whooping sound. It is an endangered crane species. Along with the sandhill crane, it is one of only two crane species native to North America. The whooping crane's lifespan is estimated to be 22 to 24 years in the wild. After being pushed to the brink of extinction by unregulated hunting and loss of habitat to just 21 wild and two captive whooping cranes by 1941, conservation efforts have led to a limited recovery. The total number of cranes in the surviving migratory population, plus three reintroduced flocks and in captivity, now exceeds 800 birds.

Sandhill crane

Sandhill crane

The sandhill crane is a species of large crane of North America and extreme northeastern Siberia. The common name of this bird refers to habitat like that at the Platte River, on the edge of Nebraska's Sandhills on the American Great Plains. Sandhill Cranes are known to hangout at the edges of bodies of water especially in the Central Florida region. This is the most important stopover area for the nominotypical subspecies, the lesser sandhill crane, with up to 450,000 of these birds migrating through annually.

Naval Ammunition Depot

The Naval Ammunition Depot, constructed on 49,000 acres (200 km2) southeast of Hastings and in operation from 1942 to 1946, was the largest United States World War II naval munitions plant, encompassing over 2,200 structures valued at $71 million. Hastings was chosen as the location for the plant because of its central location. In 1945 it employed 6,692 civilians in addition to 125 officers and 1,800 enlistees.[32]

The plant was reactivated in the Korean War but decommissioned between 1958 and 1966, and the site now houses a US Department of Agriculture research station, training facilities for the National Guard and Reserves, an industrial park, Central Community College, and a golf course.

Parks and recreation

Hastings has twenty parks and recreational facilities throughout the city. The city offers recreational and leisure programs and operates the Aquacourt Water Park, the City Auditorium, Lake Hastings, Chautauqua Pavilion, Duncan Field, the Pioneer Spirit Trail, Smith Softball Complex, Brickyard Park Amphitheater, and Heartwell Lake.[33]

Notable people

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Marc Boerigter

Marc Boerigter

Marc Robert Boerigter is a former professional Canadian and American football player. He is one of 13 players to have caught a 99-yard reception in the NFL.

Adam Carriker

Adam Carriker

Adam Eugene Carriker is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the first round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Nebraska. He also played for the Washington Redskins.

Clarence L. "Ben" Coates

Clarence L. "Ben" Coates

Clarence Leroy “Ben” Coates was an American computer scientist and engineer known for his work on waveform recognition devices, circuit gates and accumulators.

Dorothy Weyer Creigh

Dorothy Weyer Creigh

Dorothy Weyer Creigh was a historian who specialized in the history of Nebraska. She is listed by Lincoln City Libraries as a significant Nebraska author.

Charles Henry Dietrich

Charles Henry Dietrich

Charles Henry Dietrich was the 11th Governor of Nebraska. Dietrich in mercantile pursuits and in banking. After serving as governor, he was elected U.S. Senator from May 1, 1901 to March 3, 1905.

Robert Keith Gray

Robert Keith Gray

Robert Keith Gray was a Republican activist and public relations executive who founded Gray and Company in 1981 after working with Hill & Knowlton. He was President Dwight D. Eisenhower's White House Cabinet Secretary.

Francis Greenlief

Francis Greenlief

Major General Francis S. Greenlief was a major general in the United States Army. He served as the 18th Chief of the National Guard Bureau.

Chief of the National Guard Bureau

Chief of the National Guard Bureau

The chief of the National Guard Bureau (CNGB) is the highest-ranking officer of the National Guard and the head of the National Guard Bureau. The position is a statutory office, held by a federally recognized commissioned officer who has served at least 10 years of federally recognized active duty in the National Guard; the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard. In a separate capacity as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chief is a military adviser to the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, the secretary of defense, and the president on matters pertaining to the National Guard.

Neal Hefti

Neal Hefti

Neal Paul Hefti was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger. He wrote music for The Odd Couple movie and TV series and for the Batman TV series.

Johnny Hopp

Johnny Hopp

John Leonard Hopp was an American professional baseball player and coach. Born in Hastings, Nebraska, he was an outfielder and first baseman who appeared in 1,393 Major League Baseball games over 14 seasons (1939–52) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Boston Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, Brooklyn Dodgers, New York Yankees and Detroit Tigers. He threw and batted left-handed, and was listed as 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) tall and 170 pounds (77 kg). He was nicknamed "Cotney" as a youth because of his blond ("cotton-top") hair.

Gwen Lee

Gwen Lee

Gwen Lee was an American stage and film actress. Lee began her career as a model before being discovered and signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She was typically cast in supporting roles. Lee appeared in over sixty films before retiring in 1938.

Les Nunamaker

Les Nunamaker

Leslie Grant Nunamaker born in Malcolm, Nebraska, was a catcher for the Boston Red Sox (1911–14), New York Yankees (1914–17), St. Louis Browns (1918) and Cleveland Indians (1919–22).

Source: "Hastings, Nebraska", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 28th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings,_Nebraska.

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References
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  2. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  4. ^ "Kool-Aid Days". Archived 2019-07-01 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2012-11-16.
  5. ^ "History: Kool-Aid: Hastings Museum". Hastings Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
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  7. ^ Nebraska History 58 (1977) p. 539.
  8. ^ Elton Perkey, Perkey's Nebraska Place-Names, Publications of the Nebraska State Historical Society 28, Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1982, OCLC 9488791, p. 2.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Spilinek, Elizabeth H (2009). Hastings: Then & Now. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-6121-9.
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  11. ^ a b Rittenhouse and Way: Architects of Hastings' First Half Century at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 6, 2010.
  12. ^ Paz, D.G. (1996). "The Black Press and the Issues of Race, Politics, and Culture on the Great Plains of Nebraska, 1865-1985". In Suggs, Henry Lewis (ed.). The Black Press in the Middle West, 1865-1985.
  13. ^ "Central Hastings Historic District". Adams County Historical Society. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
  14. ^ a b c Elizabeth Spilinek (2006). "History". Hastings, Nebraska Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on 2010-04-20. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
  15. ^ Kipp Cigar Company at Adams County Historical Society, retrieved April 4, 2010.
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  17. ^ "History of Kool-Aid". Hastings Museum of Culture and History. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
  18. ^ "Nebraska takes sweet turn, names Kool-Aid state drink". Deseret News. May 22, 1998.
  19. ^ Gustafson, Angela (August 9, 2011). "Nebraska's official soft drink celebrated at the 14th Annual Kool-Aid Days on Aug. 12-14". The Fence Post. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
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  24. ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  25. ^ "Station: hastings 4N, NE". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  26. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  27. ^ "United States Census Bureau QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
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  33. ^ Parks & Recreation Archived 2011-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, City of Hastings Nebraska, retrieved April 5, 2010.
  34. ^ "About Us," Archived 2010-10-21 at archive.today Hastings Tribune.
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