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HMS Thracian (1920)

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HMS Thracian- IJN Patrol Boat No. 101.jpg
HMS Thracian in 1941
History
United Kingdom
NameThracian
Ordered1915
Builder
Laid down17 January 1918
Launched5 March 1920
Commissioned1 April 1922
IdentificationPennant number: D86
MottoThrust on[1]
FateGrounded on 17 December 1941 at Ngan Chau, Hong Kong
General characteristics HMS Thracian
Class and typeS-class destroyer
Displacement1,075 long tons (1,092 t)
Length276 ft (84 m) o/a
Beam26 ft 8 in (8.13 m)
Draught9 ft (2.7 m)
Installed power
Propulsion2 Shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Range2,750 nmi (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement90
Armament
Japan
Name
  • Patrol Boat No. 101
  • (第101号哨戒艇, Dai-101-Gō Shōkaitei)
BuilderNavy 2nd Construction Department at Hong Kong
Acquired1942
Commissioned1 October 1942
Decommissioned1945
In service1942–1945
Renamed
  • 15 March 1944
  • Special Training Ship No. 1
  • (特第1号練習艇, Toku Dai-1-Gō Renshūtei)
ReclassifiedTraining ship, 15 March 1944
ReinstatedReturned to Royal Navy in October 1945
FateScrapped, February 1946
General characteristics Patrol Boat No.101
Class and typePatrol boat/Training ship
Displacement1,150 long tons (1,168 t) standard
Length80.79 m (265 ft 1 in) Lpp
Beam8.17 m (26 ft 10 in)
Draft3.01 m (9 ft 11 in)
Propulsion
Speed25 knots (29 mph; 46 km/h)
Complement
  • December 1943
  • 119
  • March 1944
  • 113
Sensors and
processing systems		Mk. 23 gunfire control radar (1944)
Armament
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Thracian.

HMS Thracian was an S-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.

Description

The S-class destroyers were improved versions of the preceding Modified R class. They displaced 1,075 long tons (1,092 t).[2] The ships had an overall length of 276 feet (84.1 m), a beam of 26 feet 8 inches (8.1 m) and a draught of 9 feet (2.7 m). They were powered by two Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Yarrow boilers. The turbines developed a total of 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) and gave a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 301 long tons (306 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). The ships' complement was 90 officers and ratings.[3]

Thracian was armed with three QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark IV guns in single mounts and a single 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun. The ship was fitted with two twin mounts for 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes.[2] Two additional single mounts were positioned abreast the bridge at the break of the forecastle for 18-inch (45 cm) torpedoes. All torpedo tubes were above water and traversed to fire.[4]

Discover more about Description related topics

Displacement (ship)

Displacement (ship)

The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. Today, tonnes are more commonly used.

Length overall

Length overall

Length overall is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth.

Beam (nautical)

Beam (nautical)

The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer extremities of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.

Draft (hull)

Draft (hull)

The draft or draught of a ship's hull is the vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the hull (keel). The draught of the vessel is the maximum depth of any part of the vessel, including appendages such as rudders, propellers and drop keels if deployed. Draft determines the minimum depth of water a ship or boat can safely navigate. The related term air draft is the maximum height of any part of the vessel above the water.

John Brown & Company

John Brown & Company

John Brown and Company of Clydebank was a Scottish marine engineering and shipbuilding firm. It built many notable and world-famous ships including RMS Lusitania, RMS Aquitania, HMS Hood, HMS Repulse, RMS Queen Mary, RMS Queen Elizabeth and the Queen Elizabeth 2.

Knot (unit)

Knot (unit)

The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852 km/h. The ISO standard symbol for the knot is kn. The same symbol is preferred by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), while kt is also common, especially in aviation, where it is the form recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The knot is a non-SI unit. The knot is used in meteorology, and in maritime and air navigation. A vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels approximately one minute of geographic latitude in one hour.

Fuel oil

Fuel oil

Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum. Such oils include distillates and residues. Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil, marine fuel oil (MFO), bunker fuel, furnace oil (FO), gas oil (gasoil), heating oils, diesel fuel and others.

Nautical mile

Nautical mile

A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters. Historically, it was defined as the meridian arc length corresponding to one minute of latitude. Today the international nautical mile is defined as exactly 1,852 metres. The derived unit of speed is the knot, one nautical mile per hour.

Naval rating

Naval rating

In a navy, a rate, rating or bluejacket is a junior enlisted sailor who is not a warrant officer or commissioned officer. Depending on the country and navy that uses it, the exact term and the range of ranks that it refers to may vary.

British 21-inch torpedo

British 21-inch torpedo

There have been several British 21-inch (533 mm) torpedoes used by the Royal Navy since their first development just before the First World War.

Bridge (nautical)

Bridge (nautical)

The bridge, also known as the pilothouse or wheelhouse, is a room or platform of a ship from which the ship can be commanded. When a ship is under way, the bridge is manned by an officer of the watch aided usually by an able seaman acting as a lookout. During critical maneuvers the captain will be on the bridge, often supported by an officer of the watch, an able seaman on the wheel and sometimes a pilot, if required.

Forecastle

Forecastle

The forecastle is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase "before the mast" which denotes anything related to ordinary sailors, as opposed to a ship's officers.

Construction and career

HMS Thracian was laid down on 17 January 1918 at Hawthorn Leslie and Company, but she was not launched until 5 March 1920 due to financial constraints post-war limitation in naval expenditure.[1] She was completed at Sheerness Dockyard on 1 April 1922.

Battle of Hong Kong

The ship took part in the Battle of Hong Kong in December 1941, commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Arthur Luard Pears.[5][6] She was the only destroyer defending the colony, after the departure of HMS Scout and HMS Thanet for Singapore on 8 December.[7] On 10 December, she took part in a raid on Japanese crafts attempting to land on Lamma Island.[1] On 13 December, she participated in the evacuation of personnel from Kowloon and Green Island to Aberdeen, Hong Kong Island.[8] On 16 December, she attacked Japanese boats that were preparing for the invasion of Hong Kong Island, but ran aground at Uk Kok. She was later refloated later that day and returned to Aberdeen dockyard. Further into the afternoon, she became the target of Japanese high-level bombing. A near miss caused several casualties. With the dockyard badly damaged, the damage Thracian suffered from running aground was considered too bad to fix.[9][10] On the next day, she was deliberately run aground at Ngan Chau.[10][11] The crew of Thracian continued to defend the colony as infantry,[12][6] and would suffer heavy losses in the battle and subsequent captivity.[1] On 24 December, Japanese troops began salvaging the ship,[1] and she was later captured by the Imperial Japanese Army.[13]

Imperial Japanese Navy service (1942 – 1945)

IJN Patrol Boat No. 101 in 1942
IJN Patrol Boat No. 101 in 1942
IJN Special Training Ship No. 1 in 1945
IJN Special Training Ship No. 1 in 1945

On 1 October 1942, she was registered to the naval ship list in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and classified as a special service ship (patrol boat). She was renamed Patrol Boat No. 101.[14] On 25 November, repairs were completed by the Navy 2nd Construction Department, and she was assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District. Afterwards, she spent her time on convoy escort operations in the Yokosuka Area. On 15 August 1943, she was assigned to the torpedo warfare school at Yokosuka. On 15 March 1944, she was classified as the miscellaneous ship (training ship), and renamed Special Training Ship No. 1.[15] She was used for a test bed for new weapons.

By August 1945, she was found in Yokosuka after an unsuccessful scuttling. In December, she was recovered by HMS Undine, only to be broken up in Hong Kong in 1946.[1]

Discover more about Construction and career related topics

Sheerness

Sheerness

Sheerness is a port town and civil parish beside the mouth of the River Medway on the north-west corner of the Isle of Sheppey in north Kent, England. With a population of 11,938, it is the second largest town on the island after the nearby town of Minster which has a population of 21,319.

Battle of Hong Kong

Battle of Hong Kong

The Battle of Hong Kong, also known as the Defence of Hong Kong and the Fall of Hong Kong, was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor, forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong, without declaring war against the British Empire. The Hong Kong garrison consisted of British, Indian and Canadian units, also the Auxiliary Defence Units and Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC).

HMS Thanet (H29)

HMS Thanet (H29)

HMS Thanet was an S-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. Built during, and commissioned shortly after the First World War, she went on to see service in the Second World War, being sunk early in 1942.

Singapore

Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.

Lamma Island

Lamma Island

Lamma Island, also known as Y Island or Pok Liu Chau or simply Pok Liu, is the third largest island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District.

Kowloon

Kowloon

Kowloon is an urban area in Hong Kong comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. With a population of 2,019,533 and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006, it is the most populous area in Hong Kong, compared with Hong Kong Island and the rest of the New Territories. The peninsula's area is about 47 km2 (18 sq mi).

Green Island, Hong Kong

Green Island, Hong Kong

Green Island is an island off the northwest coast of Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Island, separated by the Sulphur Channel. A smaller island nearby to the east, uninhabited, is called Little Green Island (小青洲). Administratively, the two islands are part of Central and Western District.

Aberdeen, Hong Kong

Aberdeen, Hong Kong

Aberdeen is an area on southwest Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. While the name "Aberdeen" could be taken in a broad sense to encompass the areas of Aberdeen (town), Wong Chuk Hang, Ap Lei Chau, Tin Wan, Wah Kwai Estate and Wah Fu Estate, it is more often used to refer to the town only. According to the population census conducted in 2011, the total population of the Aberdeen area is approximately 80,000.

Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong. Known colloquially and on road signs simply as Hong Kong, the island had a population of 1,289,500 and a population density of 16,390 per square kilometre (42,400/sq mi), as of 2008. The island had a population of about 3,000 inhabitants scattered in a dozen fishing villages when it was occupied by the United Kingdom in the First Opium War (1839–1842). In 1842, the island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the UK under the Treaty of Nanking and the City of Victoria was then established on the island by the British Force in honour of Queen Victoria. The Central area on the island is the historical, political and economic centre of Hong Kong. The northern coast of the island forms the southern shore of the Victoria Harbour, which is largely responsible for the development of Hong Kong due to its deep waters favoured by large trade ships.

Imperial Japanese Army

Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of the Army, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Later an Inspectorate General of Aviation became the third agency with oversight of the army. At its height, the IJA was one of the most powerful and influential political forces in Imperial Japan, and an often dominant force on the battlefield. The IJA is notorious for its numerous war crimes committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War, such as the Rape of Nanjing and the Bataan Death March.

Imperial Japanese Navy

Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952–1954 after the dissolution of the IJN.

HMS Undine (R42)

HMS Undine (R42)

HMS Undine was a U-class destroyer of the British Royal Navy that saw service during World War II. On 27 March 1945, HMS Undine detached from RN Fast Carrier TF57 to rescue the airmen of a downed RN TBF Avenger aircraft also rescued a USN Corsair pilot adrift for two days south of the Sakishima Gunto in the Philippine Sea.

Source: "HMS Thracian (1920)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 31st), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Thracian_(1920).

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Further Reading

Japanese destroyer Ikazuchi (1931)

HMS Hermes (95)

HMAS Quadrant

Japanese battleship Haruna

HMS Euryalus (42)

BAP Ferré (DM-74)

HMS Tenedos (H04)

Japanese destroyer Samidare (1935)

Japanese destroyer Inazuma (1932)

Japanese destroyer Fuyutsuki

S-class destroyer (1917)

HMS Virago (R75)

HMS Duchess (H64)

HMS Whelp (R37)

No.1-class patrol boat

Hidemi Yoshida

Yasumaro Kiguchi
Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e f Mason 2003.
  2. ^ a b Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 84–85.
  3. ^ Lenton 1998, p. 137.
  4. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 169.
  5. ^ Hong Kong War Diary.
  6. ^ a b Lai 2014, p. 23.
  7. ^ Banham 2003, p. 31.
  8. ^ Banham 2003, pp. 69–71.
  9. ^ Banham 2003, pp. 85–86.
  10. ^ a b Kwong & Tsoi 2013, p. 168.
  11. ^ Banham 2003, p. 90.
  12. ^ Banham 2003, p. 122.
  13. ^ Banham 2003, p. 324.
  14. ^ JACAR C12070115500 1942.
  15. ^ JACAR C12070485300 1942.
Bibliography
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Banham, Tony (2003). Not the Slightest Chance: The Defence of Hong Kong, 1941. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1045-6.
  • Dittmar, F.J. & Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • "Royal Navy & Royal Air force". Hong Kong War Diary. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  • Kwong, Chi Man; Tsoi, Yiu Lun (2013). 孤獨前哨: 太平洋戰爭中的香港戰役 [Exposed Outpost: the Battle of Hong Kong in the Pacific War] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Cosmos Books Ltd. ISBN 9789888254347.
  • Lai, Benjamin (20 June 2014). Hong Kong 1941–45: First strike in the Pacific War. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-269-7.
  • Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
  • March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.
  • Mason, Geoffrey B (2003). "HMS THRACIAN (D 86) - Old S-class Destroyer". Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  • Secretary of the Navy of Japan (1942). 昭和１７年１月～１２月　達. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  • Secretary of the Navy of Japan (1944). 昭和１９年１月．昭和１９年５月　海軍公報（部内限）. Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Further reading
  • Rekishi Gunzō, History of Pacific War Vol.45, Truth histories of the Imperial Japanese Naval Vessels, Gakken (Japanese publisher), May 2004, ISBN 4-05-603412-5.
  • Ships of the World, special issue Vol.45, Escort Vessels of the Imperial Japanese Navy, "Kaijinsha"., (Japan), 1996.
  • The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.49, "Japanese submarine chasers and patrol boats", "Ushio Shobō". (Japan), 1981.
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