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HMS Tenedos (H04)

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HMS Tenedos (H04) IWM FL 019818.jpg
HMS Tenedos in 1921
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Tenedos (H04)
Ordered9 April 1917
BuilderHawthorn Leslie
Laid down6 December 1917
Launched21 October 1918
Commissioned1919
Motto
  • Alteri aut utrumque
  • (latin: "With either or both")
FateSunk by Japanese aircraft 5 April 1942
General characteristics
Class and typeAdmiralty 'S' class destroyer
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Tenedos.


HMS Tenedos (Pennant number initially FA4 and later H04[1]) was an Admiralty 'S' class destroyer. Laid down on 6 December 1917, she was constructed by Hawthorn Leslie of Tyne, and was completed in 1918. She was commissioned in 1919 and served throughout the interwar period.

Discover more about HMS Tenedos (H04) related topics

Pennant number

Pennant number

In the Royal Navy and other navies of Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations, ships are identified by pennant number. Historically, naval ships flew a flag that identified a flotilla or type of vessel. For example, the Royal Navy used a red burgee for torpedo boats and a pennant with an H for torpedo boat destroyers. Adding a number to the type-identifying flag uniquely identified each ship.

S-class destroyer (1917)

S-class destroyer (1917)

The S class was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s. Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.

River Tyne

River Tyne

The River Tyne is a river in North East England. Its length is 73 miles (118 km). It is formed by the North Tyne and the South Tyne, which converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed 'The Meeting of the Waters'.

Interwar period

Interwar period

In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939, the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Second World War. The interwar period was relatively short, yet featured many significant social, political, and economic changes throughout the world. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation led to the prosperous Roaring Twenties, a time of both social mobility and economic mobility for the middle class. Automobiles, electric lighting, radio, and more became common among populations in the developed world. The indulgences of the era subsequently were followed by the Great Depression, an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies.

Construction and design

Tenedos was ordered from the Tyneside shipbuilding company Hawthorn Leslie on 23 June 1917, as part of the Twelfth War Programme, one of 36 destroyers ordered on that date, including four Admiralty S-class destroyers ordered from Leslies.[2]

Tenedos was 276 feet (84.12 m) long overall and 265 feet (80.77 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 feet 8 inches (8.13 m) and a draught of 9 feet 10 inches (3.00 m).[3] Displacement was 905 long tons (920 t) standard and 1,221 long tons (1,241 t) full load. Three Yarrow boilers fed steam at 250 pounds per square inch (1,700 kPa) to two sets of Brown-Curtiss single-reduction steam turbines rated at 27,000 shaft horsepower (20,000 kW) at 360 rpm which in turn drove two propeller shafts. This gave a speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). 301 long tons (306 t) of oil could be carried, giving a range of 2,750 nautical miles (5,090 km; 3,160 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[4][5] The ship had a crew of 90 officers and men.[6]

Three 4 inch (102 mm) guns were carried, together with a single 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun. Torpedo armament was four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in two twin rotating mounts and two 18 inch tubes at the break of the ship's forecastle for snap shots at close range.[4][7] Later ships of the class had the 18 inch tubes left off, while they were removed from the ships that were fitted to them between the wars.[6]

Tenedos was laid down at Leslie's Hebburn shipyard on 6 December 1917, launched on 21 October 1918 and completed in July 1919.[1]

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S-class destroyer (1917)

S-class destroyer (1917)

The S class was a class of 67 destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1917 under the 11th and 12th Emergency War Programmes. They saw active service in the last months of the First World War and in the Russian and Irish Civil Wars during the early 1920s. Most were relegated to the reserve by the mid-1920s and subsequently scrapped under the terms of the London Naval Treaty. Eleven survivors saw much action during the Second World War.

Length overall

Length overall

Length overall is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth.

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars is the length of a ship along the summer load line from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member. When there is no sternpost, the centerline axis of the rudder stock is used as the aft end of the length between perpendiculars.

Beam (nautical)

Beam (nautical)

The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer extremities of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.

Displacement (ship)

Displacement (ship)

The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. Today, tonnes are more commonly used.

Long ton

Long ton

The long ton, also known as the imperial ton or displacement ton, is the name for the unit called the "ton" in the avoirdupois system of weights or Imperial system of measurements. It was standardised in the 13th century. It is used in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth of Nations countries alongside the mass-based metric tonne defined in 1799, as well as in the United States for bulk commodities.

Yarrow boiler

Yarrow boiler

Yarrow boilers are an important class of high-pressure water-tube boilers. They were developed by Yarrow & Co. (London), Shipbuilders and Engineers and were widely used on ships, particularly warships.

QF 2-pounder naval gun

QF 2-pounder naval gun

The 2-pounder gun, officially the QF 2-pounder and universally known as the pom-pom, was a 40 mm (1.6 in) British autocannon, used as an anti-aircraft gun by the Royal Navy. The name came from the sound that the original models make when firing. This QF 2-pounder was not the same gun as the Ordnance QF 2-pounder, used by the British Army as an anti-tank gun and a tank gun, although they both fired 2 lb (0.91 kg), 40 mm (1.6 in) projectiles.

Forecastle

Forecastle

The forecastle is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase "before the mast" which denotes anything related to ordinary sailors, as opposed to a ship's officers.

Keel laying

Keel laying

Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship.

Hebburn

Hebburn

Hebburn is a town in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It governed under the borough of South Tyneside; formerly governed under the county of Durham until 1974 with its own urban district from 1894 until 1974. It is on the south bank of the River Tyne between Gateshead and Jarrow and opposite Wallsend and Walker.

Service

Tenedos commissioned later in 1919,[8] joining the 4th Destroyer Flotilla of the Atlantic Fleet.[9][10] In December 1924, Tenedos was under refit at Chatham Dockyard.[11]

In September 1930, it was announced that Tenedos, in maintenance reserve at Rosyth, would be recommissioned to replace sister ship Seawolf, based at Cobh in the Republic of Ireland, after Seawolf had been damaged in a collision with a trawler, with Seawolf to be disposed of.[12] In April 1932, it was announced that Tenedos and Sturdy would be replaced at the Irish station by Amazon and Ambuscade, with Tenedos and Sturdy transferring to the reserve.[13] In December 1933, it was announced that Tenedos would transfer from reserve at Portsmouth to Devonport, where she would serve as spare emergency destroyer.[14] On 7 February 1936, the Daunt Rock lightship broke free from her moorings near Cork Harbour. Attempts by Tenedos to take the drifting lightship under tow were unsuccessful, and the crew of the lightship were eventually rescued by the Ballycotton lifeboat.[15][16] Tenedos was transferred to the China Station (as the Royal Navy's forces in the West Pacific, Singapore and China were known), going into reserve at Singapore in March 1938.[10][17][18]

In August 1939, Tenedos, along with sister ships Scout, Thanet and Thracian, formed a local defence flotilla at Hong Kong. On 24 August 1939 Tenedos and Scout left Hong Kong for Singapore.[19] When the two destroyers arrived at Singapore on 28 August, they were quickly converted to minelayers,[20] which involved removal of one 4 inch gun and the torpedo tubes to accommodate 40 mines.[21] The two destroyers laid a defensive minefield of 544 mines off Singapore between 4 and 8 September 1939, after which Scout was returned to normal destroyer configuration, while Tenedos continued on minelaying duties, with two more minefields being laid off Singapore by October 1939. Two merchant ships, Høegh Transporter and Sirdhana, were sunk by these minefields in October–November 1939.[20] Tenedos then had her normal destroyer armament refitted.[22] On 23 March 1940, the Royal Navy formed Malaya Force, with the intention of preventing German merchant ships from leaving harbours in the Dutch East Indies. Tenedos, along with Stronghold was assigned to patrol off Sabang, where five German ships were trapped. The German merchant ships were seized by the Dutch following the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940.[23][24]

Tenedos was still based at Singapore on 2 December when the battleship Prince of Wales and the battlecruiser Repulse arrived. On 5 December, Repulse left Singapore for a visit to Darwin, Australia, with Tenedos and HMAS Vampire, but they were recalled on 6 December when two large Japanese convoys were spotted by an RAF aircraft.[25] Early on 8 December Japanese bombers attacked Singapore, and later that day, Force Z, comprising Prince of Wales and Repulse, escorted by the destroyers Electra, Express, Vampire and Tenedos set out to attack the Japanese invasion fleets.[26][27] At about 18:30 hr on 9 December, Tenedos, now short of fuel, was released from Force Z, and set out to return to Singapore, with orders to make radio contact with base at 08:00 the next morning telling Singapore of the planned course of Force Z, while the main fleet maintained radio silence.[28][29] Force Z made two major course changes after Tenedos left, turning south for Singapore at 20:15 on 9 December and then, at 00:52 on 10 December, heading towards Kuantan on the East coast of Malaya to investigate reports of Japanese landings. The predicted course broadcast by Tenedos therefore did not match Force Z's actual course, preventing any attempts to provide air cover over Force Z.[30][31] Tenedos was attacked by 9 Mitsubishi G3M bombers searching for Force Z between 09:50 and 10:20 on 10 December but was undamaged.[28][32] Force Z itself came under heavy Japanese air attack from 11:13, with both Prince of Wales and Repulse sunk by Japanese bombs and torpedoes by 13:20 hr.[33]

After the loss of the capital ships Tenedos, along with other British and Allied warships at Singapore, was employed in escorting shipping between Singapore and the Sunda Strait.[34] Tenedos and the Australian cruiser Hobart left Singapore, threatened by advancing Japanese forces, for Batavia on 2 February. On 3 February, the two ships rescued survivors from the merchant ship Norah Muller,[a] which had been sunk by Japanese bombers in the Bangka Strait, Tenedos picking up 13 and Hobart 57.[36][37] In late February 1942, Japanese forces prepared to invade Java. Vice Admiral Conrad Helfrich, commander of Allied naval forces in the Dutch East Indies, ordered Tenedos, together with the cruisers Hobart, Danae and Dragon and the destroyer Scout, forming the Allied Western Force, to sail from Batavia towards Bangka Island and Belitung in search of Japanese forces, while most of the rest of the available forces in the region were sent to reinforce Rear Admiral Karel Doorman's squadron. When Doorman's force was defeated at the Battle of the Java Sea on 27 February, the Western Force, including Tenedos, escaped through the Sunda Strait to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), picking up refugees from Padang on 1 March, and reaching Colombo between 5 and 6 March.[38][39]

In April 1942, the Japanese launched a raid into the Indian Ocean by its fast carrier forces. A RCAF Catalina flying boat spotted the Japanese fleet 350 miles south-east of Ceylon on 4 April and radioed a sighting report before being shot down. Thus warned, all shipping in Colombo and Trincomalee harbours was ordered to leave port and disperse to avoid the impending Japanese attack.[40][41] Tenedos, however, was under repair in Colombo harbour and unable to leave, and was sunk with the loss of 33 officers and men by Japanese bombers when they attacked on 5 April.[41][42][43][44] The wreck was removed in February 1944 by HM salvage vessel Salviking.[45]

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4th Destroyer Flotilla

4th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 4th Destroyer Flotilla , or Fourth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from August 1909 to July 1951.

Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)

Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)

The Atlantic Fleet was a naval fleet of the Royal Navy. It existed for two separate periods; 1909 until 1914, and then 1919 until 1932.

Chatham Dockyard

Chatham Dockyard

Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham.

Cobh

Cobh

Cobh, known from 1849 until 1920 as Queenstown, is a seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. With a population of around 13,000 inhabitants, Cobh is on the south side of Great Island in Cork Harbour and home to Ireland's only dedicated cruise terminal. Tourism in the area draws on the maritime and emigration legacy of the town.

Fishing trawler

Fishing trawler

A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously.

HMS Sturdy (1919)

HMS Sturdy (1919)

HMS Sturdy was an S-class destroyer, which served with the Royal Navy. Launched in 1919, the destroyer visited the Free City of Danzig the following year but then spent most of the next decade in the Reserve Fleet. After a brief period of service in Ireland in 1931, Sturdy was divested of armament in 1934 and equipped with a single davit to rescue ditched aircraft, and acted as plane guard to the aircraft carrier Courageous. The ship subsequently took part in the 1935 Naval Review. Re-armed as a minelayer, the destroyer was recommissioned the following year and reactivated at the start of the Second World War. Sturdy was then employed escorting convoys in the Atlantic Ocean, but ran aground off the coast off the Inner Hebrides island at Tiree in 1940. The vessel was split in two by the waves. The crew evacuated, apart from three sailors who died, and the destroyer was lost.

HMS Amazon (D39)

HMS Amazon (D39)

HMS Amazon was a prototype design of destroyer ordered for the Royal Navy in 1924. She was designed and built by Thornycroft in response to an admiralty request for a new design of destroyer incorporating the lessons and technological advances of the First World War. Their great rivals Yarrow produced a similar, competitive design — that of Ambuscade.

HMS Ambuscade (D38)

HMS Ambuscade (D38)

HMS Ambuscade was a British Royal Navy destroyer which served in the Second World War. She and her Thornycroft competitor, HMS Amazon, were prototypes designed to exploit advances in construction and machinery since World War I and formed the basis of Royal Navy destroyer evolution up to the Tribal of 1936.

HMNB Devonport

HMNB Devonport

His Majesty's Naval Base, Devonport is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy and is the sole nuclear repair and refuelling facility for the Royal Navy. The largest naval base in Western Europe, HMNB Devonport is located in Devonport, in the west of the city of Plymouth, England.

Cork Harbour

Cork Harbour

Cork Harbour is a natural harbour and river estuary at the mouth of the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. It is one of several which lay claim to the title of "second largest natural harbour in the world by navigational area". Other contenders include Halifax Harbour in Canada, Trincomalee Harbour in Sri Lanka and Poole Harbour in England.

HMS Thanet (H29)

HMS Thanet (H29)

HMS Thanet was an S-class destroyer of the Royal Navy. Built during, and commissioned shortly after the First World War, she went on to see service in the Second World War, being sunk early in 1942.

Dutch East Indies

Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies, was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.

Source: "HMS Tenedos (H04)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, October 3rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Tenedos_(H04).

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Further Reading

HMS Newcastle (C76)

HMS Montrose (D01)

HMS Jaguar (F34)

HMS Jupiter (F85)

HMS Express (H61)

Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse

HMS Exeter (68)

HMAS Vampire (D68)

S-class destroyer (1917)

HMS Onslow (G17)

HMS Paladin (G69)

HMS Calcutta (D82)

HMS Encounter (H10)

HMS Westcott (D47)

Battle off Endau

HMS Shikari (D85)

HMS Partridge (G30)

HMS Zephyr (R19)
Notes
  1. ^ Possibly called Nora Moller.[35]
References
  1. ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 312
  2. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 169–170, 311–312
  3. ^ Friedman 2009, p. 297
  4. ^ a b Whitley 2000, p. 83
  5. ^ Lenton 1970, p. 15
  6. ^ a b Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 85
  7. ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 168–169
  8. ^ "866a: Tenedos". The Navy List: 872. January 1921.
  9. ^ "I.—Atlantic Fleet: Destroyers". The Navy List: 702–3. December 1919.
  10. ^ a b "NMM, vessel ID 377160" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Naval and Military: Warship Refits". The Times. No. 43840. 20 December 1924. p. 6.
  12. ^ "Naval, Military, And Air Force: H.M.S. Seawolf for Sale". The Times. No. 45614. 10 September 1930. p. 17.
  13. ^ "Royal Navy: Irish Division Reliefs". The Times. No. 46104. 11 April 1932. p. 7.
  14. ^ "Royal Navy: Destroyer Changes". The Times. No. 46636. 27 December 1933. p. 19.
  15. ^ "1936: The Daunt Rock rescue". RNLI. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  16. ^ "Lifeboat V.C." The Cairns Post. 6 May 1936. p. 8.
  17. ^ "Two Destroyers for Singapore". The Singapore Free Press. 12 January 1938. p. 9.
  18. ^ "Tenedos. (Dev) Destroyer". The Navy List: 289. February 1939.
  19. ^ Smith 2005, p. 180
  20. ^ a b Smith 2005, p. 181
  21. ^ Lenton 1970, pp. 14–15
  22. ^ Smith 2005, p. 182
  23. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 14
  24. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, March 1940 (Part 2 of 2): Friday 15th – Sunday 31st". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  25. ^ Barnett 2000, pp. 405–407
  26. ^ Barnett 2000, p. 410
  27. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 105
  28. ^ a b Barnett 2000, p. 417
  29. ^ Shores, Cull & Izawa 1992, pp. 111, 125
  30. ^ Barnett 2000, p. 413
  31. ^ Shores, Cull & Izawa 1992, p. 125
  32. ^ Shores, Cull & Izawa 1992, p. 115
  33. ^ Barnett 2000, pp. 415–421
  34. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 107
  35. ^ Swiggum, S.; Kholi, M. (5 August 2009). "The Ships: Moller & Co". TheShipsLists. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  36. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, February 1942 (Part 1 of 2): Sunday 1st – Saturday 14th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  37. ^ Gill 1957, pp. 560–561
  38. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 126–127
  39. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, February 1942 (Part 2 of 2): Sunday 15th – Saturday 28th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
  40. ^ Shores, Cull & Izawa 1993, pp. 393–394
  41. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 132
  42. ^ Kindell, Don. "Naval Events, April–December 1942". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  43. ^ "Eastern Fleet - April to June 1942". Admiralty War Diaries of World War 2. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  44. ^ Middlebrook & Mahoney 2001, p. 321
  45. ^ "RFA Salviking".
Bibliography
  • Barnett, Correlli (2000). Engage the Enemy More Closely: The Royal Navy in the Second World War. London: Classic Penguin. ISBN 0-141-39008-5.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Gill, G. Hermon (1957). Volume I – Royal Australian Navy, 1939–1942. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra, Australia: Australian War Memorial.
  • Lenton, H. T. (1970). Navies of the Second World War: British Fleet & Escort Destroyers Volume One. London: Macdonald & Co. ISBN 0-356-02950-6.
  • Middlebrook, Martin; Mahoney, Patrick (2001). Battleship: The Sinking of the Prince Of Wales and the Repulse. Classic Penguin. ISBN 0-14-139119-7.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.
  • Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian; Izawa, Yasuho (1992). Bloody Shambles: Volume One: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-50-X.
  • Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian; Izawa, Yasuho (1993). Bloody Shambles: Volume Two: The Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-67-4.
  • Smith, Peter C. (2005). Into the Minefields: British Destroyer Minelaying 1916–1960. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 1-84415-271-5.
  • Whitley, M. J. (2000). Destroyers of World War Two: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.

Coordinates: 6°57′17″N 79°51′20″E / 6.95472°N 79.85556°E / 6.95472; 79.85556

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