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HMS Statice (K281)

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History
United States
NameVim
BuilderCollingwood Shipyard, Collingwood, Ontario, Canada
Laid downIn 1943 as Vim (PG 99)
Launched1 April 1943
FateTransferred to the Royal Navy 20 September 1943
United Kingdom
NameStatice
Commissioned20 September 1943
IdentificationPennant number: K281
FateReturned to US Navy custody, 21 June 1946, Sold, 7 May 1947, scrapped 1961
General characteristics
Class and typeAction-class patrol boat
Displacement1,375 long tons (1,397 t)
Length205 ft (62 m)
Beam33 ft (10 m)
Draft14 ft 7 in (4.45 m)
Propulsiontwo 3-drum express boilers, 2,750ihp vertical triple expansion Port Arthur Shipbuilding Co. engine, one shaft.
Speed16.5 kn (19.0 mph; 30.6 km/h)
Complement90
Armament

When the United States entered World War II at the end of 1941, the United States Navy found itself deficient in ocean escort-type vessels. A crash building program was instituted; but, to meet more immediate needs, the government contracted with shipbuilding firms in England and Canada to build Flower-class corvettes. Vim (PG-99) was one of those British-type escorts. She was launched on 1 April 1943 at the Collingwood Shipyard in Collingwood, Ontario. Nine days later, however, she was transferred to the Royal Navy under the terms of the lend-lease agreement in return for another Flower-class corvette then under construction in Canada. The British renamed her HMS Statice, and she served the Royal Navy under the name through World War II. On 21 June 1946, she was returned to the United States Navy. Though carried on the Navy list as PG-99, the corvette never saw active service with the United States Navy. She was sold on 7 May 1947. To whom she was sold and to what purpose she was put is unknown.

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World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

United States Navy

United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 allies or partner nations of the United States as of 2015. It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, two new carriers under construction, and five other carriers planned. With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve, the United States Navy is the third largest of the United States military service branches in terms of personnel. It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 2,623 operational aircraft as of June 2019.

Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvette

The Flower-class corvette was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Corvette

Corvette

A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the sloop-of-war.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Construction

Following the passing of the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941, the United States placed a series of orders with Canadian shipyards for a total of 15 Modified Flower-class corvettes. The ships were intended for transfer to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease.[1][2] USS Vim (Hull number PG-99) was one of four corvettes ordered on 6 December 1941. She was laid down at the Collingwood shipyard in Collingwood, Ontario on 8 November 1942,[3] and was launched on 10 April 1943.[4][5] The ship was allocated to the Royal Navy that same day,[6] being named Statice by the Royal Navy and was completed on 20 September 1943.[4][5]

As a modified Flower ship, Statice was 208 ft 4 in (63.50 m) long overall and 193 ft 0 in (58.83 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 33 ft 1 in (10.08 m) and a draught of 15 feet 7 inches (4.75 m) aft.[7] Displacement of the modified Flowers ranged from 980 long tons (1,000 t) to 1,000 long tons (1,020 t) standard and 1,350 long tons (1,370 t) to 1,370 long tons (1,390 t) full load.[8] Two Admiralty three-drum water-tube boilers provided steam to a 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine rated at 2,880 ihp (2,150 kW) which drove 1 propeller shaft.[9]

The ship was armed with a single QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XIX forward, with anti-aircraft armament of one 2-pounder. Mk.VIII single "pom-pom" AA gun or a twin Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and six single Oerlikon guns. Anti-submarine armament consisted of a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, together with four depth charge throwers and two depth charge rails.[7] 72[8] to 100[7] depth charges were carried. The ship had a complement of 109 officers and other ranks.[7][8]

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Keel laying

Keel laying

Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship.

Collingwood, Ontario

Collingwood, Ontario

Collingwood is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is situated on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern point of Georgian Bay. Collingwood is well known as a tourist destination, for its skiing in the winter, and limestone caves along the Niagara Escarpment in the summer.

Length overall

Length overall

Length overall is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth.

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars is the length of a ship along the summer load line from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member. When there is no sternpost, the centerline axis of the rudder stock is used as the aft end of the length between perpendiculars.

Beam (nautical)

Beam (nautical)

The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer extremities of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.

Displacement (ship)

Displacement (ship)

The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. Today, tonnes are more commonly used.

QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XIX

QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XIX

The QF 4-inch Mk XIX gun was a British low-velocity 4-inch 40-calibre naval gun used to arm small warships such as Bathurst and Castle-class corvette and some River-class frigate in World War II, mainly against submarines.

QF 2-pounder naval gun

QF 2-pounder naval gun

The 2-pounder gun, officially the QF 2-pounder and universally known as the pom-pom, was a 40 mm (1.6 in) British autocannon, used as an anti-aircraft gun by the Royal Navy. The name came from the sound that the original models make when firing. This QF 2-pounder was not the same gun as the Ordnance QF 2-pounder, used by the British Army as an anti-tank gun and a tank gun, although they both fired 2 lb (0.91 kg), 40 mm (1.6 in) projectiles.

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon

Oerlikon 20 mm cannon

The Oerlikon 20 mm cannon is a series of autocannons, based on an original German Becker Type M2 20 mm cannon design that appeared very early in World War I. It was widely produced by Oerlikon Contraves and others, with various models employed by both Allied and Axis forces during World War II. Many versions of the cannon are still used today.

Hedgehog (weapon)

Hedgehog (weapon)

The Hedgehog was a forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon that was used primarily during the Second World War. The device, which was developed by the Royal Navy, fired up to 24 spigot mortars ahead of a ship when attacking a U-boat. It was deployed on convoy escort warships such as destroyers and corvettes to supplement the depth charges.

Service

The Allied Invasion of Normandy in June 1944 saw Statice deployed escorting convoys in the English Channel between Britain and France.[10] On the evening of 5 July 1944, Statice was part of the escort of a convoy off Beachy Head when she detected a submerged German submarine. Two Canadian destroyers, Kootenay and Ottawa were detached from Escort Group 11 to aid in hunting the U-Boat. In the morning of 6 July, the three ships carried out a series of attacks with Hedgehogs and depth charges, with both Ottawa and Statice hitting with Hedgehog, with the attacks producing debris. Uncertain whether the U-Boat had been sunk, the two destroyers and Statice continued to attack the stationary sonar contact through the rest of the day and into the morning of 7 July. The attacks had sunk U-678 with all hands.[11][12]

Statice continued convoy escort duties to and from France until the end of August 1944, before switching to more general convoy escort duties in British coastal waters and the Western Approaches until the end of the war in Europe.[10]

The ship returned to US control as PG-99 on 21 June 1946, but saw no service with the US Navy, and was sold on 7 May 1947.[6] A planned conversion to a merchant ship was abandoned in 1951,[4] and the ship was finally scrapped during 1961 at Hamburg.[13]

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Beachy Head

Beachy Head

Beachy Head is a chalk headland in East Sussex, England. It is situated close to Eastbourne, immediately east of the Seven Sisters.

Hedgehog (weapon)

Hedgehog (weapon)

The Hedgehog was a forward-throwing anti-submarine weapon that was used primarily during the Second World War. The device, which was developed by the Royal Navy, fired up to 24 spigot mortars ahead of a ship when attacking a U-boat. It was deployed on convoy escort warships such as destroyers and corvettes to supplement the depth charges.

Depth charge

Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon. It is intended to destroy a submarine by being dropped into the water nearby and detonating, subjecting the target to a powerful and destructive hydraulic shock. Most depth charges use high explosive charges and a fuze set to detonate the charge, typically at a specific depth. Depth charges can be dropped by ships, patrol aircraft, and helicopters.

German submarine U-678

German submarine U-678

German submarine U-678 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 3 September 1942 by Howaldtswerke, Hamburg as yard number 827, launched on 18 September 1943 and commissioned on 25 October 1943 under Oberleutnant zur See Guido Hyronimus.

Hamburg

Hamburg

Hamburg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin, as well as the overall 7th largest city and largest non-capital city in the European Union with a population of over 1.85 million. Hamburg is 941 km2 in area. Hamburg's urban area has a population of around 2.5 million and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region, which has a population of over 5.1 million people in total. The city lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries, the River Alster and the River Bille. One of Germany's 16 federated states, Hamburg is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south.

Source: "HMS Statice (K281)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 17th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Statice_(K281).

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Further Reading

Flower-class corvette

HMCS Alberni

HMCS Moose Jaw

HMS Mallow (K81)

HMCS Agassiz

HMCS Fredericton (K245)

HMCS Amherst

HMCS Algoma

HMCS Fergus

HMCS Guelph

HMCS Norsyd

HMCS North Bay

HMCS Owen Sound

HMCS Whitby

HMS Aubrietia (K96)

HMS Delphinium (K77)

HMS Poppy (K213)
References
  1. ^ Friedman 2008, p. 137
  2. ^ Lenton 1974, p. 10
  3. ^ Friedman 1987, p. 464
  4. ^ a b c Lambert & Brown 2008, p. 71
  5. ^ a b Friedman 2008, p. 343
  6. ^ a b "Vim". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d Elliott 1977, p. 196
  8. ^ a b c Gardiner & Chesneau 1980, p. 63
  9. ^ Elliott 1977, p. 340
  10. ^ a b Kindell, Don (9 May 2011). "World War 2 at Sea - Convoy Escort Movements of Royal and Dominion Navy Vessels: Modified Flower-Class Corvettes, Part 3 of 3, Royal Canadian Navy (ii)". Naval-history.net. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  11. ^ Blair 2000, p. 590
  12. ^ Kemp 1997, p. 202
  13. ^ "HMS Statice (K 281): ex-Vim (PG 99)". NavSource Online. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  • This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
  • Blair, Clay (2000). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942–1945. New York: Modern Library. ISBN 0-679-64033-9.
  • Elliott, Peter (1977). Allied Escort Ships of World War II: A complete survey. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 0-356-08401-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2008). British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4.
  • Friedman, Norman (1987). U.S. Small Combatants: Including PT-Boats, Subchasers and the Brown-Water Navy: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-713-5.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
  • Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed: German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-321-5.
  • Lambert, John; Brown, Les (2008). Flower-Class Corvettes. St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada: Vanwall Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55068-986-0.
  • Lenton, H. T. (1974). American Gunboats and Minesweepers. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 0-356-08064-1.
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