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HMS Periwinkle (K55)

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HMS Periwinkle IWM A 6089.jpg
HMS Periwinkle, October 1941
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Periwinkle
NamesakePeriwinkle (flower)
BuilderHarland & Wolff, Belfast
Laid down30 October 1939
Launched24 February 1940
Commissioned8 April 1940
Decommissioned15 March 1942
IdentificationPennant number: K55
FateTransferred to United States Navy
United States
NameUSS Restless
Commissioned15 March 1942
Decommissioned20 August 1945
IdentificationHull number: PG-66
FateReturned to Royal Navy
United Kingdom
NameHMS Periwinkle
FateSold into civilian service, 1947
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeFlower-class corvette
Displacement925 long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons)
Length205 ft (62.48 m)o/a
Beam33 ft 2 in (10.11 m)
Draught13 ft 7 in (4.14 m)
Propulsion
  • single shaft
  • 2 × fire tube Scotch boilers
  • 1 × 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed16.5 knots (30.6 km/h)
Range3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement85
Sensors and
processing systems
  • 1 × SW1C or 2C radar
  • 1 × Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Armament

HMS Periwinkle was a Flower-class corvette, built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and was in service in the Battle of the Atlantic. In 1942 she was transferred to the United States Navy as part of the Reverse Lend-Lease arrangement and renamed USS Restless, one of the Temptress-class gunboats. With the end of hostilities she was returned to the Royal Navy and sold into mercantile service.

Discover more about HMS Periwinkle (K55) related topics

Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvette

The Flower-class corvette was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Corvette

Corvette

A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the sloop-of-war.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.

United States Navy

United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 allies or partner nations of the United States as of 2015. It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, two new carriers under construction, and five other carriers planned. With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve, the United States Navy is the third largest of the United States military service branches in terms of personnel. It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 2,623 operational aircraft as of June 2019.

Design and construction

Periwinkle was built at Harland & Wolff, Belfast, as part of the 1939 War Emergency building programme.[2] She was laid down on 30 October 1939 and launched 24 February 1940. She was completed and entered service on 8 April 1940, being named for the periwinkle family of flowers. As built, Periwinkle had the short forecastle that was a feature of the early Flowers, and which adversely effected their habitability. She also had the merchant-style enclosed wheelhouse, and the foremast stepped ahead of the bridge, of the original design.

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Harland & Wolff

Harland & Wolff

Harland & Wolff is a British shipbuilding company based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It specialises in ship repair, shipbuilding and offshore construction. Harland & Wolff is famous for having built the majority of the ocean liners for the White Star Line, including Olympic-class trio – RMS Olympic, RMS Titanic and HMHS Britannic. Outside of White Star Line, other ships that have been built include the Royal Navy's HMS Belfast; Royal Mail Line's Andes; Shaw, Savill & Albion's Southern Cross; Union-Castle's RMS Pendennis Castle; and P&O's Canberra. Harland and Wolff's official history, Shipbuilders to the World, was published in 1986.

Belfast

Belfast

Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest in Ireland. It had a population of 345,418 in 2021.

Vinca

Vinca

Vinca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae, native to Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. The English name periwinkle is shared with the related genus Catharanthus.

Forecastle

Forecastle

The forecastle is the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters. Related to the latter meaning is the phrase "before the mast" which denotes anything related to ordinary sailors, as opposed to a ship's officers.

Service history

Royal Navy

After working up, Periwinkle was assigned to the Western Approaches Escort Force for service as a convoy escort. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats which attacked ships in convoy, and rescuing survivors. In 23 months service Periwinkle escorted 41 North Atlantic, 10 Gibraltar and 10 South Atlantic convoys[3][4] assisting in the safe passage of over 1500 ships. She was involved in three major convoy battles: In September 1940 Periwinkle was part of the escort for SC 2, which was attacked by a U-boat pack, losing 5 ships sunk.[5] In October 1940 she was with HX 77, which lost six ships sunk.[6] In June 1941 Periwinkle was with OB 329, which saw 4 ships sunk and one U-boat (U-147) destroyed; Periwinkle shared in its destruction.[7][8] In September 1941 she was with HG 73, which lost nine merchant and one warship sunk.[9]

US Navy

For other ships with the same name, see USS Restless.

Following the entry of the United States into the war the US Navy was in need of anti-submarine warfare vessels, and to meet this need a number of ships were transferred from the Royal Navy as part of a reverse Lend-Lease arrangement.[10] Periwinkle was commissioned into the USN on 15 March 1942 as USS Restless. After an overhaul Restless was employed as an escort on convoys between New York and the Caribbean. In August 1945 she was decommissioned and returned to the Royal Navy.[11]

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Convoy SC 2

Convoy SC 2

SC 2 was an Allied North Atlantic convoy of the SC series which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It was attacked by a wolfpack of German U-boats, losing five merchant ships.

German submarine U-147 (1940)

German submarine U-147 (1940)

German submarine U-147 was a Type IID U-boat of the German Navy (Kriegsmarine) during World War II. She was laid down on 10 April 1940 at Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 276, launched on 16 November 1940 and commissioned on 11 December under the command of Kapitänleutnant Reinhard Hardegen.

Convoy HG 73

Convoy HG 73

Convoy HG 73 was a trade convoy of merchant ships during the Second World War. It was the 73rd of the numbered HG convoys Homeward bound to the British Isles from Gibraltar. The convoy departed Gibraltar on 17 September 1941 and was found on 18 September and was attacked over the next ten days. Nine ships were sunk from the convoy before the submarines exhausted their torpedo inventory on 28 September. Surviving ships reached Liverpool on 1 October.

USS Restless

USS Restless

USS Restless is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:USS Restless (1861), a barque commissioned during the American Civil War. Restless, a steam tug, built at St. Louis in 1861, was transferred by the War Department to the Navy on 30 September 1862 and renamed Mistletoe. USS Restless (1887), a schooner-rigged yacht. USS Restless (PG-66), a patrol gunboat launched 21 February 1940.

New York City

New York City

New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States and more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city. New York City is located at the southern tip of New York State. It constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.

Caribbean

Caribbean

The Caribbean is a subregion of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea and its islands, the nearby coastal areas on the mainland may also be included. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

Fate

Periwinkle was stricken in 1947 and sold into commercial service as the merchant ship Perilock. She was scrapped at Hong Kong in 1953.[11][12]

Source: "HMS Periwinkle (K55)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2021, September 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Periwinkle_(K55).

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Further Reading

Flower-class corvette

HMS Starling (U66)

HMS Arbutus (K86)

HMS Bickerton (K466)

HMS Duckworth (K351)

USS Surprise (PG-63)

HMS Begonia (K66)

HMS Stork (L81)

HMS Rochester (L50)

HMS Rhododendron (K78)

HMS Aubrietia (K96)

HMS Hibiscus (K24)

HMS Larkspur (K82)

HMS Petunia (K79)
Notes
  1. ^ Conway p62
  2. ^ Elliott p.187
  3. ^ Periwinkle: convoy movements at naval-history.net; retrieved 18 July 2020
  4. ^ Periwinkle: convoy assignments at convoyweb.org.uk; retrieved 18 July 2020
  5. ^ Blair p.182
  6. ^ Blair p.197
  7. ^ Blair p.307
  8. ^ Kemp p.70
  9. ^ Blair pp.389-391
  10. ^ Elliott p189
  11. ^ a b Restless at history.navy.mil; retrieved 18 July 2020
  12. ^ Periwinkle at uboat.net; retrieved 18 July 2020
References
  • Clay Blair : Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol I (1996) ISBN 0-304-35260-8
  • R Gardiner, R Gray : Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 (1980) ISBN 0-85177-146-7
  • Elliott, Peter: Allied Escort Ships of World War II (1977) ISBN 0-356-08401-9
  • Hague, Arnold : The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000) ISBN 1-55125-033-0 (Canada) . ISBN 1-86176-147-3 (UK)
  • Paul Kemp (1997) U-Boats Destroyed Arms and Armour ISBN 1-85409-515-3
External links
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