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HMS Marigold (K87)

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History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Marigold
Ordered31 August 1939
BuilderHall, Russell & Company, Aberdeen, Scotland
Laid down26 January 1940
Launched16 November 1940
Commissioned28 February 1941
IdentificationPennant number: K87
FateSunk in air attack on 9 December 1942
General characteristics
Class and typeFlower-class corvette
Displacement925 long tons (940 t)
Length205 ft (62 m)
Beam33 ft (10 m)
Draught11.5 ft (3.5 m)
Propulsion
  • Two fire tube boilers
  • one 4-cycle triple-expansion steam engine
Speed16 knots (30 km/h) at 2,750 hp (2,050 kW)
Range3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement85
Armament
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Marigold.

HMS Marigold was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy. She was launched on 4 September 1940 and was sunk by an Italian air-dropped torpedo on 9 December 1942.

Design and construction

The Flower class arose as a result of the Royal Navy's realisation in the late 1930s that it had a shortage of escort vessels, particularly coastal escorts for use on the East coast of Britain, as the likelihood of war with Germany increased. To meet this urgent requirement, a design developed based on the whale-catcher Southern Pride - this design was much more capable than naval trawlers, but cheaper and quicker to build than the Hunt-class destroyers or Kingfisher-class sloops that were alternatives for the coastal escort role.[1][2]

The Flowers were 205 feet 0 inches (62.48 m) long overall, 196 feet 0 inches (59.74 m) at the waterline and 190 feet 0 inches (57.91 m) between perpendiculars. Beam was 33 feet 0 inches (10.06 m) and draught was 14 feet 10 inches (4.52 m) aft.[3][4] Displacement was about 940 long tons (960 t) standard and 1,170 long tons (1,190 t) full load. Two Admiralty three-drum water tube boilers fed steam to a vertical triple expansion engine rated at 2,750 indicated horsepower (2,050 kW) which drove a single propeller shaft. This gave a speed of 16 knots (18 mph; 30 km/h).[4] 200 tons of oil were carried, giving a range of 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph).[4]

Design armament was a single BL 4-inch Mk IX naval gun forward and a single 2-pounder "pom-pom" anti-aircraft cannon aft, although the pom-poms were not available until 1941, so early Flowers such as Marigold were completed with improvised close-range anti aircraft armament such as Lewis guns or Vickers .50 machine guns instead.[5][6]

Marigold was one of 24 Flowers ordered by the British Admiralty on 31 August 1939 under the 1939/40 Naval estimates. She was laid down at Hall, Russell & Company's Aberdeen shipyard on 21 January 1940, was launched on 4 September 1940 and completed on 28 February 1941.[7][8]

Discover more about Design and construction related topics

Hunt-class destroyer

Hunt-class destroyer

The Hunt class was a class of escort destroyer of the Royal Navy. The first vessels were ordered early in 1939, and the class saw extensive service in the Second World War, particularly on the British east coast and Mediterranean convoys. They were named after British fox hunts. The modern Hunt-class GRP hulled mine countermeasure vessels maintain the Hunt names lineage in the Royal Navy.

Kingfisher-class sloop

Kingfisher-class sloop

The Kingfisher class was a class of nine patrol sloops of the British Royal Navy built in three groups of three each during the 1930s, that saw service during World War II, mainly on East Coast convoys in the North Sea.

Length overall

Length overall

Length overall is the maximum length of a vessel's hull measured parallel to the waterline. This length is important while docking the ship. It is the most commonly used way of expressing the size of a ship, and is also used for calculating the cost of a marina berth.

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars

Length between perpendiculars is the length of a ship along the summer load line from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member. When there is no sternpost, the centerline axis of the rudder stock is used as the aft end of the length between perpendiculars.

Beam (nautical)

Beam (nautical)

The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (BMAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer extremities of the ship, beam of the hull (BH) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (BWL) is the maximum width where the hull intersects the surface of the water.

Displacement (ship)

Displacement (ship)

The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. Today, tonnes are more commonly used.

BL 4-inch Mk IX naval gun

BL 4-inch Mk IX naval gun

The BL 4-inch Mk IX naval gun was a British medium-velocity naval gun introduced in 1917 as secondary armament on the Renown-class battlecruisers and Glorious-class "large light cruisers", but which served most notably as the main armament on Flower-class corvettes throughout World War II.

Lewis gun

Lewis gun

The Lewis gun is a First World War–era light machine gun. Designed privately in the United States though not adopted there, the design was finalised and mass-produced in the United Kingdom, and widely used by troops of the British Empire during the war. It had a distinctive barrel cooling shroud and top-mounted pan magazine. The Lewis served to the end of the Korean War, and was widely used as an aircraft machine gun during both World Wars, almost always with the cooling shroud removed, as air flow during flight offered sufficient cooling.

Keel laying

Keel laying

Laying the keel or laying down is the formal recognition of the start of a ship's construction. It is often marked with a ceremony attended by dignitaries from the shipbuilding company and the ultimate owners of the ship.

Hall, Russell & Company

Hall, Russell & Company

Hall, Russell & Company, Limited was a shipbuilder based in Aberdeen, Scotland.

Aberdeen

Aberdeen

Aberdeen is a city in North East Scotland, and is the third most populous city in the country. Aberdeen is one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas, and has a 2020 population estimate of 198,590 for the city of Aberdeen, and 227,560 for the local council area making it the United Kingdom's 39th most populous built-up area. The city is 93 mi (150 km) northeast of Edinburgh and 398 mi (641 km) north of London, and is the northernmost major city in the United Kingdom. Aberdeen has a long, sandy coastline and features an oceanic climate, with cool summers and mild, rainy winters.

Ceremonial ship launching

Ceremonial ship launching

Ceremonial ship launching involves the performance of ceremonies associated with the process of transferring a vessel to the water. It is a nautical tradition in many cultures, dating back thousands of years, to accompany the physical process with ceremonies which have been observed as public celebration and a solemn blessing, usually but not always, in association with the launch itself.

Service

Marigold served in a number of the theatres of the Second World War.[9][10]

On 7 May 1941, Marigold, a member of the 7th Escort Group, was part of the escort for the westbound Atlantic convoy Convoy OB 318. That night, the convoy was attacked by the German submarine U-94 200 miles (320 km) south west of Reykjavík, Iceland. U-94 torpedoed and sunk two merchant ships. Marigold picked up 19 survivors from one of the ships sunk in the attack, SS Ixion. Meanwhile, U-94 was driven off by a sustained depth charge attack by the destroyers Bulldog and Amazon and the sloop Rochester.[11][12][13] The corvettes of the 7th Escort Group, including Marigold were relieved by ships from the 3rd Escort group on 8 May, allowing the 7th Escort Group ships to join the inbound Convoy HX 123.[11] Attacks on OB 318 continued, with three merchant ships sunk on 8 May, at the cost of U-110 which was captured by British warships, sinking under tow.[14]

Marigold remained part of the 7th Escort Group on 1 July 1941.[15] From 18 August Marigold, now part of Escort Group 36, formed part of the escort of Convoy HG 71, bound for the UK from Gibraltar. While four Italian submarines were deployed against the convoy, none managed to find it, and HG 71 reached Liverpool unharmed on 1 September.[16][17] On 12 September 1941, Marigold left Liverpool as part of the escort for the Gibraltar-bound convoy OG 74. Two merchant ships were sunk by the German submarine U-124 on the night of 20/21 September, while the rescue ship Walmer Castle was badly damaged by a German Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor long-range bomber on 21 September and was scuttled by Marigold and the sloop Deptford. Marigold and Deptford were then detached from the convoy to support four ships that had lost contact with the convoy, but three of the four ships were sunk by U-201 on the night of 21/22 September. Marigold arrived in Gibraltar on 26 September. In total, six ships from OG 74 were sunk.[18][19][20] Marigold remained part of the 36th Escort Group on 1 October 1941.[21]

On 16 November 1941, Marigold set out from Gibraltar as part of Operation Chieftain, a diversion operation for Operation Crusader, the British offensive in the North African desert. The operation was a dummy convoy (with empty merchant ships) intended to attract attention of German and Italian air power away from the land battle.[22][23] That night Marigold which had lost contact with the convoy because of engine trouble, and was trying to rejoin the convoy, was spotted by the German submarine U-433 30 miles East of Europa Point and south of Málaga. U-433 misidentified the corvette for a cruiser and attacked with a spread of four torpedoes, all of which missed. Marigold then detected the surfaced submarine on radar at a range of about 4,000 yards (3,700 m) and attacked, but U-433 dived away before Marigold could ram the submarine. An initial pattern of five depth charges was ineffective, but after 15 minutes, Marigold detected the submarine on sonar, and attacked with ten depth charges, causing the commander of U-433 to surface the submarine so that the crew could abandon ship. Marigold opened fire on the submarine when it surfaced and U-433 sank quickly. Marigold picked up 38 survivors, with six of U-433's crew killed.[22][24] The First Sea Lord congratulated the Marigold and its commander, Lieutenant William MacDonald R.N.V.R., on this action.

On 14 December 1941, Marigold, now part of the 36th Escort Group, left Gibraltar as part of Convoy HG 76. The convoy came under sustained U-boat attack from 17 December, and on 19 December, Marigold carried out a depth charge attack on a U-boat, which although failing to sink the submarine, helped to drive the U-boat away from the convoy. In total, the escort carrier HMS Audacity, the destroyer Stanley and two merchant ships were sunk by German submarines, while the convoy's escort sank three U-boats.[25][26]

On 9 June 1942, the 36th Escort Group, including Marigold, left Gibraltar escorting Convoy HG 84. Marigold and the corvette Convolvulus attacked and drove off the submarines U-89 and U-437 on 14 June.[27][28] On 15 June 1942 she picked up 41 survivors from the British merchant SS Etrib, 20 survivors from the Norwegian tanker SS Slemdal and 29 survivors from the British merchant SS Thurso that had been torpedoed and sunk by U-552 380 miles (610 km) West of Corunna, Spain.[9] On the night of 15/16 June, Marigold, Convolvulus and the sloop Stork drove off the U-boats U-71, U-84 and U552.[27][28] On 13 November 1942 she rescued 81 survivors from the British merchant SS Maron which had been torpedoed and sunk by U-81 off Oran, Algeria.[9]

Discover more about Service related topics

Convoy OB 318

Convoy OB 318

OB 318 was a North Atlantic convoy which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. During Operation Primrose Royal Navy convoy escorts HMS Bulldog, Broadway and Aubrietia captured U-110 with an intact Enigma machine and a wealth of signals intelligence, which led to the Allied breakthrough into cracking the German naval Enigma code.

German submarine U-94 (1940)

German submarine U-94 (1940)

German submarine U-94 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 9 September 1939 at the F. Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 599, launched on 12 June 1940 and commissioned on 10 August 1940 under Kapitänleutnant Herbert Kuppisch.

HMS Bulldog (H91)

HMS Bulldog (H91)

HMS Bulldog (H91) was a B-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy (RN) between 1929 to 1931. Initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, she transferred to the Home Fleet in 1936. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, the ship spent considerable time in Spanish waters, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict. Bulldog saw service throughout World War II on convoy escort duty during the Battle of the Atlantic and in the Arctic. Her most notable actions were the capture of an Enigma machine and codebooks from the German submarine U-110 in 1941, sinking another German submarine in 1944 and taking the surrender of the German garrisons on the Channel Islands on 9 May 1945. Surplus after the war, she was broken up for scrap in 1946.

HMS Amazon (D39)

HMS Amazon (D39)

HMS Amazon was a prototype design of destroyer ordered for the Royal Navy in 1924. She was designed and built by Thornycroft in response to an admiralty request for a new design of destroyer incorporating the lessons and technological advances of the First World War. Their great rivals Yarrow produced a similar, competitive design — that of Ambuscade.

HMS Rochester (L50)

HMS Rochester (L50)

HMS Rochester (L50) was a Shoreham-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She served during the Second World War and was a successful anti-submarine warfare vessel, being credited with the destruction of five U-boats.

German submarine U-110 (1940)

German submarine U-110 (1940)

German submarine U-110 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II. She was captured by the Royal Navy on 9 May 1941 and provided a number of secret cipher documents to the British. U-110's capture, later given the code name "Operation Primrose", was one of the biggest secrets of the war, remaining so for seven months. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was only told of the capture by Winston Churchill in January 1942.

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.

German submarine U-124 (1940)

German submarine U-124 (1940)

German submarine U-124 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She operated in the Atlantic as part of the 2nd U-boat flotilla, both west of Scotland and east of the eastern US coast. She was also present off northern South America.

Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor

Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor

The Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor, also known as Kurier to the Allies, is a German all-metal four-engined monoplane originally developed by Focke-Wulf as a long-range airliner. A Japanese request for a long-range maritime patrol aircraft led to military versions that saw service with the Luftwaffe as long-range reconnaissance and anti-shipping/maritime patrol bomber aircraft. The Luftwaffe also made extensive use of the Fw 200 as a transport aircraft.

HMS Deptford (U53)

HMS Deptford (U53)

HMS Deptford was a Grimsby-class sloop of the British Royal Navy. Built at Chatham Dockyard in the 1930s, Deptford was launched in 1935 and commissioned later that year. The ship saw early service on the Persian Gulf station, but the outbreak of the Second World War saw Deptford serving as a convoy escort in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, sinking a German U-boat in 1941. She survived the war and was scrapped in 1948.

German submarine U-201

German submarine U-201

German submarine U-201 was a Type VIIC U-boat of the Kriegsmarine in World War II.

German submarine U-433

German submarine U-433

German submarine U-433 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 4 January 1940 by Schichau-Werke, Danzig as yard number 1474, launched on 15 March 1941 and commissioned on 24 May 1941 under Oberleutnant zur See Hans Ey.

Sinking

On the afternoon of 9 December 1942 Marigold was escorting convoy MKS 3Y, off Algiers, Algeria when she came under attack by three Italian S.79 VTBs torpedo bombers of 254a Squadriglia (254th squadron) of 105º Gruppo AS (105th Torpedo group). Marigold was hit by a single torpedo and sank after about 9 minutes, with 40 of her crew killed.[29][30][31][32]

Source: "HMS Marigold (K87)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, December 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Marigold_(K87).

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Further Reading

HMS Onslow (G17)

Mid-Ocean Escort Force

Convoy HG 76

HMS Orchis (K76)

HMS Westcott (D47)

HMS Shikari (D85)

HMS Bideford (L43)

Convoy TM 1

HMS Vetch (K132)

Arctic naval operations of World War II

HMS Godetia (K226)

HMS Douglas

HMS Lowestoft (U59)

HMS Deptford (U53)

HMS Rhododendron (K78)

HMS Aubrietia (K96)

HMS Petunia (K79)
References
  1. ^ Friedman 2008, pp. 133–134
  2. ^ Lambert & Brown 2008, pp. 3–4
  3. ^ Friedman 2008, pp. 323–324
  4. ^ a b c Lambert & Brown 2008, p. 4
  5. ^ Elliott 1977, p. 184
  6. ^ Lambert & Brown 2008, p. 73
  7. ^ Friedman 2008, p. 340
  8. ^ Lambert & Brown 2008, pp. 65–66
  9. ^ a b c "HMS Marigold (K 87) of the Royal Navy - British Corvette of the Flower class - Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  10. ^ "Marigold". Aberdeen Ships. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  11. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 60
  12. ^ Blair 2000, p. 278
  13. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-Boats: Ixion: British Steam Merchant". U-boat.net. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  14. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, pp. 60–61
  15. ^ Kindell, Don (8 April 2012). "Royal Navy Ships, 1 July 1941 (Part 1 of 2)". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-history.net. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  16. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 79
  17. ^ Kindell, Don (8 April 2012). "Naval Events, August 1941 (Part 2 of 2): Friday 15th - Sunday 31st". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-history.net. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  18. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 86
  19. ^ Kindell, Don (8 April 2012). "Naval Events, September 1941 (Part 1 of 2): Monday 1st – Sunday 14th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  20. ^ Kindell, Don (8 April 2012). "Naval Events, September 1941 (Part 2 of 2): Monday 15th - Tuesday 30th". British and Other Navies in World War 2 Day-by-Day. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  21. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 89
  22. ^ a b Blair 2000, p. 398
  23. ^ Smith 1985, p. 163
  24. ^ Kemp 1997, p. 74
  25. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 108
  26. ^ Blair 2000, pp. 416–417
  27. ^ a b Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 145
  28. ^ a b Blair 2000, p. 6247
  29. ^ Rohwer & Hümmelchen 1992, p. 181
  30. ^ Kemp 1999, p. 202
  31. ^ Shores et al. 2016, pp. 190, 679
  32. ^ H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action 1952, p. 353
  • Blair, Clay (2000). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35260-8.
  • Elliott, Peter (1977). Allied Escort Ships of World War II: A complete survey. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers. ISBN 0-356-08401-9.
  • Friedman, Norman (2008). British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4.
  • H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action: 3rd. SEPT. 1939 to 2nd. SEPT. 1945. Admiralty. 1952. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  • Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed: German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-321-5.
  • Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1567-6.
  • Lambert, John; Brown, Les (2008). Flower-Class Corvettes. St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada: Vanwall Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55068-986-0.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.
  • Shores, Christopher; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell; Olynyk, Frank; Bock, Winfried (2016). A History of the Mediterranean Air War: Volume Three: Tunisia and the End in Africa: November 1942. London: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-910690-00-0.
  • Smith, Peter C. (1985). HMS Wild Swan. London: William Kimber. ISBN 0-7183-0542-6.
External links

Coordinates: 36°50′00″N 03°00′00″E / 36.83333°N 3.00000°E / 36.83333; 3.00000

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