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HMS Gentian (K90)

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
HMS Gentian.jpg
HMS Gentian – September 1941
History
United Kingdom
NameHMS Gentian
Namesakegentian
Ordered19 September 1939
BuilderHarland and Wolff
Yard number1070[1]
Laid down20 April 1940
Launched6 August 1940
Completed22 September 1940[1]
Commissioned20 September 1940
IdentificationPennant number: K90
Honours and
awards
FateScrapped Purfleet 21 August 1947
General characteristics
Class and typeFlower-class corvette
Displacement950 tons
Length205 ft (62 m)
Installed power2,750 hp (2,050 kW)
PropulsionReciprocating engine, 1 shaft
Speed16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Range3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement85
Armament
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Gentian.

HMS Gentian was a Royal Navy Flower-class corvette that served in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II.

One of the first batch of wartime corvettes laid down, she served most of the time in the Western Approaches, escorting convoys across the North Atlantic with Escort Group B2 and was also on the Arctic runs to Murmansk and Archangel. In 1941 the ship was also involved in escort work out of Gibraltar and was one of the Royal Navy corvettes employed on escort duties during D-Day.

Discover more about HMS Gentian (K90) related topics

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvette

The Flower-class corvette was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Corvette

Corvette

A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the sloop-of-war.

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.

World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

Western Approaches

Western Approaches

The Western Approaches is an approximately rectangular area of the Atlantic Ocean lying immediately to the west of Ireland and parts of Great Britain. Its north and south boundaries are defined by the corresponding extremities of Britain. The coast of the mainland forms the eastern side and the western boundary is the 30 degree meridian, which passes through Iceland. The area is particularly important to the United Kingdom, because many of its larger shipping ports lie within it.

Convoy

Convoy

A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection. Often, a convoy is organized with armed defensive support and can help maintain cohesion within a unit. It may also be used in a non-military sense, for example when driving through remote areas.

Escort Group B2

Escort Group B2

Escort Group B2 was a convoy escort British formation of the Royal Navy which saw action during the Second World War, principally in the Battle of the Atlantic. The group was under the command of Cdr Donald Macintyre, one of Britain's most successful anti-submarine warfare commanders.

Murmansk

Murmansk

Murmansk is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia. It sits on both slopes and banks of a modest ria or fjord, Kola Bay, an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea. Its bulk is on the east bank of the inlet. It is in the north of the rounded Kola Peninsula which covers most of the oblast. The city is 108 kilometres (67 mi) from the border with Norway and 182 kilometres (113 mi) from the border with Finland.

Archangel

Archangel

Archangels are the second lowest rank of angel in the hierarchy of angels. The word "archangel" itself is usually associated with the Abrahamic religions, but beings that are very similar to archangels are found in a number of other religious traditions.

Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.

Kington

Adoption plaque
Adoption plaque

The ship was adopted by the residents of the Kington Urban and Rural Districts, during Warship Week, 29 November – 6 December 1941. The plaque presented to the ship is now in Kington Museum.[2]

Wartime service

Western Approaches Command convoy's involving HMS Gentian

  • HX 82 (Departed Halifax, 20 October 1940, arrived Liverpool, 6 November 1940 – ESCORT 01/11 – 04/11)
  • SC 9 (Departed Sydney CB, 24 October 1940, arrived Liverpool, 9 November 1940 – ESCORT 04/11 – 09/11)
  • OB 236 (Departed Liverpool, 29 October 1940, dispersed 2 December 1940 – ESCORT 01/11 – 01/11)
  • HX 90 (Departed Halifax, 21 November 1940, rendezvous with Gentian 2 December 1940, arrived Liverpool, 5 December 1940)
  • OB 251 (Departed Liverpool, 28 November 1940, dispersed 17.20W 1 December 1940 – ESCORT 28/11 – 01/12)
  • SL-57 (Departed Freetown, 28 November 1940, arrived Liverpool, 19 December 1940 – ESCORT 15/12 – 17/12)
  • OB 258 (Departed Liverpool, 12 December 1940, dispersed 15 December 1940 – ESCORT 12/12 – 15/12)
  • OB 265 (Departed Liverpool, 26 December 1940, dispersed 30 December 1940 – ESCORT 26/12 – 30/12)
  • HX 97 (Departed Halifax, 18 November 1940, arrived Liverpool, 3 January 1941 – ESCORT 30/12 – 03/01)
  • OB 271 (Departed Liverpool, 8 January 1941, dispersed 12 January 1941 – ESCORT 8/1 – 12/1)
  • HX 100 (Departed Halifax, 1 January 1941, arrived Liverpool, 18 January 1941 – ESCORT 13/01 – 17/01)
  • HX 103 (Departed Halifax, 15 January 1941, arrived Liverpool, 1 February 1941 – ESCORT 27/01-)
  • OB 277 (Departed Liverpool, 22 January 1941, dispersed 27 January 1941 – ESCORT 22/01 – 26/01)
  • OG-52 (Departed Liverpool, 5 February 1941, arrived Gibraltar 21 February 1941 – ESCORT 05/02 – 21/02)
  • HG-55 (Departed Gibraltar, 3 March 1941, arrived Liverpool 22 March 1941 – ESCORT 03/03 – 10/03)
  • HG-57 (Departed Gibraltar, 25 March 1941, arrived Liverpool, 11 April 1941 – ESCORT 24/03)
  • HG-59 (Departed Gibraltar, 15 April 1941, arrived Liverpool, 1 May 1941 – ESCORT 15/04 – 22/04)
  • HG-61 (Departed Gibraltar, 6 May 1941, arrived Liverpool, 20 May 1941)
  • SL-74 (Departed Freetown, 10 May 1941, arrived Liverpool, 4 June 1941 – ESCORT 30/05 – 04/06)
  • OB 321 (Departed Liverpool, 11 May 1941, dispersed 17 May 1941 – ESCORT 12/05 – 17/05)
  • OB 333 (Departed Liverpool, 10 June 1941, dispersed 40.20N 34.40W 21 June 1941 – ESCORT 10/06 – 21/06)
  • HG-69 (Departed Gibraltar, 28 July 1941, arrived Liverpool, 11 August 1941- ESCORT 08/08 – 11/08 )
  • OS-2 (Depart Liverpool, 3 August 1941, arrived Freetown, 22 August 1941 – ESCORT 04/08 – 08/08)
  • OG-73 (Departed Liverpool, 29 August 1941, arrived Gibraltar 13 September 1941 – ESCORT 29/08 – 11/09)
  • HG-73 (Departed Gibraltar, 17 September 1941, arrived Liverpool, 1 October 1941 – ESCORT 17/09 – 30/09)
  • ON 27 (Departed Liverpool, 16 October 1941, dispersed 2 November 1941 – ESCORT 17/10 – 24/10)
  • HX 155 (Departed Halifax, 16 October 1941, arrived Liverpool, 31 October 1941 – ESCORT 25/10 – 31/10)
  • ON 34 (Departed Liverpool, 7 November 1941, dispersed 46.18N 52.40W 21 November 1941 – ESCORT 07/11 – 12/11)
  • ON 41 (Departed Liverpool, 27 November 1941, dispersed 47.44N 45.16W 11 December 1941 – ESCORT 27/11 – 06/12)
  • HX 162 (Departed Halifax, 27 November 1941, arrived Liverpool, 11 December 1941 – ESCORT 07/12 – 10/12)
  • ON 48 (Departed Liverpool, 19 December 1941, dispersed 43.59N 54.56W 31 December 1941 – ESCORT 19/12 – 26/12)
  • HX 166 (Departed Halifax, 21 December 1941, arrived Liverpool, 5 January 1942 – ESCORT 30/12 – 04/01)
  • ON 56 (Departed Liverpool, 12 January 1942, dispersed 59.00N 17.00W 16 January 1942- ESCORT 12/01 – 16/01)
  • SC 65 (Departed Halifax, 17 January 1942, arrived Liverpool, 4 February 1942 – ESCORT 29/01 – 31/01)
  • SC 67 (Departed Halifax, 30 January 1942, arrived Liverpool, 15 February 1942 – ESCORT 11/02 – 14/02)
  • ON 69 (Departed Liverpool, 20 February 1942, dispersed off Cape Cod 6 March 1942 – ESCORT 24/02 – 04/03)
  • HX 180 (Departed Halifax, 15 March 1942, arrived Liverpool, 27 March 1942 – ESCORT 19/03 – 27/03)
  • ON 83 (Departed Liverpool, 4 April 1942, arrived Halifax 17 April 1942 – ESCORT 05/04 – 15/04)
  • SC 81 (Departed Halifax, 23 April 1942, arrived Liverpool, 9 May 1942 – ESCORT 27/04 – 09/05)
  • HX 203 (Departed Halifax, 16 August 1942, arrived Liverpool, 28 August 1942)
  • ON 128 (Departed Liverpool, 5 September 1942, arrived New York City, 24 September 1942 – Gentian relieved on 18 September 1942)
  • HX 208 (Departed New York City, 17 September 1942, arrived Liverpool, 2 October 1942 – Gentian joined convoy on 23 September 1942)
  • ON 138 (Departed Liverpool, 11 October 1942, arrived New York City, 3 November 1942 – ESCORT 13/10 – 28/10)
  • HX 213 (Departed New York City, 26 October 1942, arrived Liverpool, 10 November 1942)
  • ON 148 (Departed Liverpool, 23 November 1942, arrived New York City, 13 December 1942 – ESCORT 24/11 – 04/12)
  • HX 219 (Departed New York City, 13 December 1942, arrived Liverpool, 29 December 1942)
  • ON 159 (Departed Liverpool, 4 January 1943, arrived New York, 20 January 1943)
  • ON 161 (Departed Liverpool, 12 January 1943, arrived New York, 31 January 1943 – Gentian joined convoy on 24 January 1943)
  • SC 117 (Departed New York City, 12 January 1943, arrived Liverpool, 3 February 1943 – ESCORT 29/01 – 02/02)
  • ON 170 (Departed Liverpool, 3 March 1943, arrived New York, 20 March 1943)
  • SC 123 (Departed New York City, 14 March 1943, arrived Liverpool, 3 April 1943 – ESCORT 21/03 – 01/04)
  • ONS 4 (Departed Liverpool, 13 April 1943, arrived Halifax, 5 May 1943 – ESCORT 14/04 – 29/04)
  • SC 129 (Departed Halifax, 2 May 1943, Gentian joined convoy with Escort Group B2 on 6 May)
  • ONS 9 (Departed Liverpool, 28 May 1943, arrived Halifax, 9 June 1943 – ESCORT 01/06 – 07/06)
  • SC 134 (Departed Halifax, 16 June 1943, arrived Liverpool, 1 July 1943 – ESCORT 20/06 – 29/06)
  • ONS 13 (Departed Liverpool, 14 July 1943, arrived Halifax, 29 July 1943 – ESCORT 15/07 – 25/07)
  • SC 138 (Departed Halifax, 30 July 1943, arrived Liverpool, 12 August 1943 – ESCORT 03/08 – 12/08)
  • ONS 22 (Departed Liverpool, 4 November 1943, arrived Halifax, 22 November 1943 – ESCORT 05/11 – 17/11)
  • HX 267 (Departed New York City, 19 November 1943, arrived Liverpool, 3 December 1943 – ESCORT 25/11 – 02/12)
  • ONS 25 (Departed Liverpool, 15 December 1943, arrived Halifax, 3 January 1944 – ESCORT 17/12 – 30/12)
  • HX 273 (Departed New York City, 29 December 1943, arrived Liverpool, 14 January 1944 – ESCORT 03/01 – 14/01)
  • ON 221 (Departed Liverpool, 24 January 1944, arrived NYC, 11 February 1944 – ESCORT 25/01 – 06/02)
  • HX 278 (Departed New York City, 5 February 1944, arrived Liverpool, 20 February 1944 – ESCORT 10/02 – 20/02)
  • ON 226 (Departed Liverpool, 29 February 1944, arrived NYC, 15 March 1944 – ESCORT 01/03 – 10/03)
  • SC 155 (Departed Halifax, 14 March 1944, arrived Liverpool, 29 March 1944 – ESCORT 17/03 – 28/03)
  • WP.SP-30 (Depart Milford Haven, 27 April 1944, arrived Portsmouth, 29 April 1944 – ESCORT 27/04 – 29/04)
  • WP-528 (Depart Milford Haven, 26 May 1944, arrived Portsmouth, 28 May 1944 – ESCORT 26/05 – 27/05)
  • EBM-1 (Depart Clyde, 1 June 1944, arrived Seine Bay, 1 June 1944 – ESCORT 01/06)
  • FTC-1 (Departed Seine Bay, 8 June 1944, arrived Southend 10 June 1944 – ESCORT 08/06 – 10/06)
  • FTC-6 (Departed Seine Bay, 13 June 1944, arrived Southend 14 June 1944 – ESCORT 13/06 – 14/06)
  • FTM-29 (Departed Seine Bay, 6 July 1944, arrived Southend 7 July 1944 – ESCORT 06/07 – 06/07)
  • MKS-74G (Departed Gibraltar, 31 December 1944, arrived Liverpool, 10 January 1945 – ESCORT 08/01 – 10/01)
  • BTC-82 (Departed Milford Haven 27 February 1945, arrived Southend 2 March 1945 – ESCORT 27/02 – 02/03)

Source: "HMS Gentian (K90)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, December 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Gentian_(K90).

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Further Reading

Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic

HMS Malcolm (D19)

HMCS Moncton (K139)

SS Somersby

HMS Hilary (1940)

MV Empire Faith

HMS Witch (D89)

HMS Viscount (D92)

Gibraltar convoys of World War II
References
  1. ^ a b McCluskie, Tom (2013). The Rise and Fall of Harland and Wolff. Stroud: The History Press. p. 148. ISBN 9780752488615.
  2. ^ Plaque; see image
  • Macintryre, Donald. U-boat Killer (Cassel & Co, 1956)
  • Syrett, David. The Defeat of the German U-Boats: The Battle of the Atlantic (University of South Carolina Press, 1994)
External links
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