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HMCS Sioux (R64)

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HMCS Sioux AWM P05890.046.jpeg
HMCS Sioux circa. August 1951 – February 1952, probably in Korean waters
History
United Kingdom
NameVixen
Ordered1 September 1941
BuilderJ. Samuel White, Cowes
Laid down31 October 1942
Launched14 September 1943
FateTransferred to the Royal Canadian Navy 1944
Canada
NameSioux
NamesakeSioux people
Commissioned21 February 1944
Decommissioned27 February 1946
Identificationpennant number: R64 Later DDE 225
Recommissioned1950
Decommissioned30 October 1963
MottoThen I will fight[1]
Honours and
awards
  • Normandy, 1944
  • Arctic, 1944–1945
  • Atlantic, 1945
  • Korea, 1950–1952[1]
FateScrapped at La Spezia, Italy, August 1965
NotesColours: White and vermilion[1]
BadgeArgent, a Sioux Indian head proper facing the dexter and wearing an appropriate feather head-dress of a Sioux Chief[1]
General characteristics
Class and typeV-class destroyer
Displacement1,710 tonnes (1,683 long tons)
Length362 ft 10 in (110.59 m)
Beam35 ft 8 in (10.87 m)
Draught11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
Propulsion
  • 2 × Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers
  • Geared steam turbines, 40,000 shp (29,828 kW)
  • 2 shafts
Speed36 knots (41 mph; 67 km/h)
Range4,860 nmi (9,000 km) at 29 kn (54 km/h)
Complement230 (14 officers)
Armament
For other ships with the same name, see HMS Vixen.

HMCS Sioux was a V-class destroyer of the Royal Canadian Navy which fought in the Second World War and the Korean War. She was launched as HMS Vixen for the British Royal Navy before being transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy. She was then named for the Sioux people of Canada's western provinces.

Discover more about HMCS Sioux (R64) related topics

U and V-class destroyer

U and V-class destroyer

The U and V class was a class of sixteen destroyers of the Royal Navy launched in 1942–1943. They were constructed in two flotillas, each with names beginning with "U-" or "V-". The hull was nearly identical to the preceding ships of the S and T classes, but the U and V class ships had different bridge and armament fits. The flotillas constituted the 7th Emergency Flotilla and 8th Emergency Flotilla, built under the War Emergency Programme. These ships used the Fuze Keeping Clock HA Fire Control Computer.

Destroyer

Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or battle group and defend them against powerful short-range attackers. They were originally developed in 1885 by Fernando Villaamil for the Spanish Navy as a defense against torpedo boats, and by the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats". Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

Korean War

Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people.

Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.

Sioux

Sioux

The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ. The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription ("Nadouessioux") of the Ojibwe term "Nadowessi", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.

Construction and career

Vixen was ordered on 1 September 1941 as part of the 1941 shipbuilding programme.[2] The destroyer's keel was laid down on 31 October 1942 by J. Samuel White at Cowes. The ship was launched on 14 September 1943.[3][4] As part of the Warship Week in January 1942 Vixen was adopted by the town of Kirkcaldy, Fife.[4] The destroyer was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy, into which she was then commissioned and renamed on 21 February 1944 while fitting out at Cowes, and was completed on 5 March 1944.[3]

After commissioning Sioux joined the 26th Destroyer Flotilla of the British Home Fleet at Scapa Flow. The Home Fleet deployed on 29 March 1944 as part of the covering force for convoy JW 58 sailing to Russia. On 3 April, Sioux escorted the aircraft carriers that attacked the German battleship Tirpitz, which was anchored at Altenfjord, Norway, and German shipping along the Norwegian coast as part of Operation Tungsten.[5] On 26 April, the destroyer was part of the screening force for strikes on German shipping off the coast of Norway and returned again in early May for more screening duties.[6]

Invasion of Normandy

On 15 May, the 26th Destroyer Flotilla began training exercises in anticipation for its participation in Operation Neptune. On 28 May Sioux sailed to Portsmouth as part of Canada's contribution to the Invasion of Normandy. During the assault on Juno Beach, Sioux bombarded shore batteries for forty minutes during the initial landing and provided fire support afterwards.[7] On 10–11 June, Sioux and the Polish destroyer Krakowiak were sent to intercept a German flotilla of schnellboots laying mines off Le Havre. The two destroyers failed to intercept the Germans.[8] On 23 June, the ship bombarded enemy troop concentrations near the mouth of the River Orne and a battery of field guns. The following day, Sioux and sister ship Algonquin attacked a German battery near Franceville, which was to be their last mission off the coast of Normandy.[9] She remained with the invasion force until July when she returned to Scapa Flow.[3]

Northern operations

After returning from operations in the Normandy area, Sioux rejoined the Home Fleet.[10] In August 1944, Algonquin and Sioux were among the escorts for a carrier force sent to attack German airfields at Gossen, Norway and to carry out attacks on Tirpitz.[11] In September, Sioux escorted a force that performed attacks on German shipping off Norway. Upon returning from that, Sioux sailed with a convoy sailing for Russia. On the return trip two merchant vessels were torpedoed.[12] On 14–15 October, Sioux escorted a force that was sent to perform air-mining and attacks on Axis shipping routes along the coast of Norway near Frohavet.[13] The destroyer returned to Norwegian waters from 26–28 October, escorting the aircraft carrier Implacable which attacked targets in Norway as part of Operation Athletic.[14] In early November the destroyer was laid up undergoing a boiler cleaning.[15] Sioux returned with Implacable for more attacks along the coast of Norway in late November.[16]

After returning to Scapa Flow, Sioux escorted four convoys to the Soviet Union and back.[17] From 7–14 December, the destroyer was among the escorts for a carrier force that sortied in support of the convoy RA 62.[18] On 30 December, the destroyer departed Loch Ewe as one of the escorts for convoy JW 63, arriving at Kola Inlet on 8 January 1945.[19] Sioux returned to Loch Ewe on 21 January escorting convoy RA 63.[20] During transit the convoy passed through a storm whose gales reached 85 knots (157 km/h; 98 mph). The convoy fell apart and Sioux was sent to round up any straggling merchantmen. Sioux helped rescue crew from one disabled merchant and was then sent to search for three more disabled merchant vessels. The destroyer recovered the ships and brought all of them into the Faroes.[21] On 6 February, she left Loch Ewe with convoy JW 64. The convoy came under combined U-boat and air attack after being spotted by reconnaissance aircraft. The convoy arrived at its destination on 13 February, losing one corvette in exchange for 13 German aircraft.[22]

After escorting convoy JW 64 to Polyarnoe, Sioux departed on 14 February as part of a relief expedition to convey 500 inhabitants of the Norwegian island of Sørøya, left without food or fishing boats by the Germans, to safety. The expedition also involved HMS Zambesi, HMS Zest and HMS Zealous.[23] The inhabitants were dispersed among the ships of the next convoy, RA 64 for transit to the United Kingdom. Sioux joined the escort of the convoy on 17 February. RA 64 came under combined U-boat and air attack during its passage. Two freighters and one escort were sunk, another escort was severely damaged in exchange for six German aircraft shot down. Sioux left the escort on 27 February.[24]

On 12 March, Sioux joined the escort of convoy JW 65, which came under combined attack by U-boats and aircraft on 20 March. The convoy lost one freighter and one escort sunk and one merchant vessel severely damaged.[25] The destroyer returned to the United Kingdom with convoy RA 65 on 31 March.[26]

End of war

Sioux sailed to Halifax on 6 April, to prepare for transfer to the British Pacific Fleet and operations against Japan.[27] The vessel underwent a major refit at Halifax and in November 1945 transferred to the west coast, being paid off on 27 February 1946 at Esquimalt.[3]

Sioux emerged, fully modernized, in 1950.[3] As part of the modernization, she lost turrets 'X' and 'Y', which were replaced by two Squid anti-submarine mortars. She was also the first Canadian warship to be fitted with bunks instead of hammocks.[28] In March 1950, with the cruiser Ontario and destroyer Cayuga, Sioux participated in a training cruise to Mexico, making several port visits.[29]

Korean War first tour

After the declaration of war in Korea, Canada ordered three destroyers of the Pacific Division based at CFB Esquimalt to begin preparations for deployment to the Korean theatre. Sioux was in dry dock and not expected to leave it until 30 June 1950. However, after a massive effort by the dockside crews, Sioux departed with Cayuga and Athabaskan on 5 July 1950. The three vessels arrived at Sasebo on 30 July 1950.[30] After arriving, the destroyer was assigned to Task Force 96.5 with Athabaskan escorting convoys of ships from Japan to Pusan. Initially retained at Sasebo for rescue missions, on 12 August 1950, the ship transferred to Task Unit 96.53.3 assigned to the west coast of Korea.[31]

After transiting, Sioux was ordered to bombard Popusompu (now a part of Beopseong-Myeon) on 20 August. At the end of the month the destroyer bombarded the island of Te bu Somu with HMS Kenya and Cayuga.[32] She helped provide naval support for the troops that landed at Inchon in September 1950 as part of Task Force 91.2, charged with escorting the logistic support group and enforcing the naval blockade. Along with several US and British cruisers and destroyers, Sioux, along with Cayuga and Athabaskan, bombarded the amphibious landing area at Wolmido Island just prior to the landing of troops.[3][32]

On 20 October 1950, Sioux joined Task Group 95.1 under the new command setup. She remained as part of the unit until her departure later in the year.[33] The destroyer worked as part of the blockade force on the west coast until the end of the month before returning to Sasebo. She left Sasebo on 5 November 1950 for a visit to Hong Kong. However, en route the vessel encountered Typhoon Clara and suffered slight damage that required repairs upon her arrival.[34] Upon the destroyer's return from Hong Kong she began blockade duties in coastal waters around Inchon and the mouth of the Yalu River, as part of Task Element 95.12 alongside the other Canadian vessels.[35]

With the absence of the British cruisers, the destroyers of Task Element 95.12 were ordered on 3 December 1950 to cover the withdrawal of units from Chinnampo by escorting the transports into the harbour and providing gunfire support during their withdrawal. Reports claiming an emergency arrived from the harbour and the destroyers were forced to sail down the swept channel at night. While making her way up the channel, Sioux ran aground. Able to get herself clear, the destroyer then fouled her starboard screw, forcing her to retire. She and HMAS Warramunga provided a covering force for the withdrawal the next day.[36]

Sioux then spent the rest of her time in theatre screening the aircraft carrier, HMS Theseus, escorting shipping, blockade patrol and providing general support for the forces evacuating Inchon. The destroyer returned to Sasebo on 2 January 1951 and spent two weeks preparing before returning home,[37] departing 15 January 1951. She was replaced on station by HMCS Nootka.[36]

Sioux performed two more tours of duty in the Korean War and was the last Canadian ship to depart Korean waters.[3]

Training and conversion

In 1953 Sioux was one of a number of Royal Canadian Navy ships which took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[38] She was primarily used for training purposes thereafter, until being paid off on 30 October 1963. The destroyer wore pennant 225 from 1949 until 1963.[39] In November 1959, Sioux was converted to a frigate with two 4.7-inch guns, four torpedo tubes and two Squid launchers.[40] She was towed to La Spezia, Italy and broken up there in 1965.[3]

Discover more about Construction and career related topics

Keel

Keel

The keel is the bottom-most longitudinal structural element on a vessel. On some sailboats, it may have a hydrodynamic and counterbalancing purpose, as well. The laying of the keel is often the initial step in the construction of a ship. In the British and American shipbuilding traditions, this event marks the beginning date of a ships construction.

J. Samuel White

J. Samuel White

J. Samuel White was a British shipbuilding firm based in Cowes, taking its name from John Samuel White (1838–1915).

Cowes

Cowes

Cowes is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked by the Cowes Floating Bridge, a chain ferry.

Kirkcaldy

Kirkcaldy

Kirkcaldy is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It is about 11.6 miles (19 km) north of Edinburgh and 27.6 miles (44 km) south-southwest of Dundee. The town had a recorded population of 49,460 in 2011, making it Fife's second-largest settlement and the 12th most populous settlement in Scotland.

Fife

Fife

Fife is a council area, historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries with Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. By custom it is widely held to have been one of the major Pictish kingdoms, known as Fib, and is still commonly known as the Kingdom of Fife within Scotland. A person from Fife is known as a Fifer. In older documents the county was very occasionally known by the anglicisation Fifeshire.

Home Fleet

Home Fleet

The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated from the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967. In 1967, it was merged with the Mediterranean Fleet creating the new Western Fleet.

Arctic convoys of World War II

Arctic convoys of World War II

The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, sailing via several seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with two gaps with no sailings between July and September 1942, and March and November 1943.

Aircraft carrier

Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighters, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. While heavier aircraft such as fixed-wing gunships and bombers have been launched from aircraft carriers, these aircraft have not landed on a carrier. By its diplomatic and tactical power, its mobility, its autonomy and the variety of its means, the aircraft carrier is often the centerpiece of modern combat fleets. Tactically or even strategically, it replaced the battleship in the role of flagship of a fleet. One of its great advantages is that, by sailing in international waters, it does not interfere with any territorial sovereignty and thus obviates the need for overflight authorizations from third-party countries, reduces the times and transit distances of aircraft and therefore significantly increase the time of availability on the combat zone.

German battleship Tirpitz

German battleship Tirpitz

Tirpitz was the second of two Bismarck-class battleships built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy) prior to and during the Second World War. Named after Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, the architect of the Kaiserliche Marine, the ship was laid down at the Kriegsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven in November 1936 and her hull was launched two and a half years later. Work was completed in February 1941, when she was commissioned into the German fleet. Like her sister ship, Bismarck, Tirpitz was armed with a main battery of eight 38-centimetre (15 in) guns in four twin turrets. After a series of wartime modifications she was 2000 tonnes heavier than Bismarck, making her the heaviest battleship ever built by a European navy.

Operation Tungsten

Operation Tungsten

Operation Tungsten was a Second World War Royal Navy air raid that targeted the German battleship Tirpitz. The operation sought to damage or destroy Tirpitz at her base in Kaafjord in the far north of Norway before she could become fully operational again following a period of repairs.

Juno Beach

Juno Beach

Juno or Juno Beach was one of five beaches of the Allied invasion of German-occupied France in the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 during the Second World War. The beach spanned from Courseulles, a village just east of the British beach Gold, to Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, and just west of the British beach Sword. Taking Juno was the responsibility of the First Canadian Army, with sea transport, mine sweeping, and a naval bombardment force provided by the Royal Canadian Navy and the British Royal Navy as well as elements from the Free French, Norwegian, and other Allied navies. The objectives of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division on D-Day were to cut the Caen-Bayeux road, seize the Carpiquet airport west of Caen, and form a link between the two British beaches on either flank.

ORP Krakowiak (L115)

ORP Krakowiak (L115)

ORP Krakowiak was a British Type II Hunt-class destroyer escort, used by the Polish Navy during World War II. Initially built for the Royal Navy, it bore the name of HMS Silverton during British use.

Ship's bell

The Chatham and Area Royal Canadian Naval Association branch acquired HMCS Sioux's ship's bell, which was used for baptism of babies on board ship. The names of 48 children christened aboard the V-class destroyer are inscribed on the bell.[41]

Source: "HMCS Sioux (R64)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, February 13th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS_Sioux_(R64).

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Further Reading

HMS Jamaica (44)

HMS Griffin (H31)

HMCS Haida

HMS Uganda (66)

Battle of the North Cape

USS Fairfax (DD-93)

HMS Kent (54)

Tribal-class destroyer (1936)

HMCS Algonquin (R17)

HMCS Huron (G24)

HMCS Iroquois (G89)

HMS Decoy (H75)

HMS Zealous (R39)

HMS Calcutta (D82)

HMS Fortune (H70)

HMS Fury (H76)

HMS Badsworth

Arctic naval operations of World War II
See also
References
  1. ^ a b c d Arbuckle, p. 115
  2. ^ "HMCS Sioux (R64)". uboat.net. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 64
  4. ^ a b Mason, Geoffrey B. (2004). "HMCS Sioux, destroyer". naval-history.net. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  5. ^ Rohwer, p. 314
  6. ^ Schull, p. 232
  7. ^ Gimblett, p. 72
  8. ^ Rohwer, p. 332
  9. ^ Schull, p. 314
  10. ^ Schull, p. 371
  11. ^ Rohwer, pp. 349–50
  12. ^ Schull, p. 375
  13. ^ Rohwer, p. 352
  14. ^ Rohwer, p. 369
  15. ^ Schull, p. 377
  16. ^ Rohwer, p. 371
  17. ^ "Convoy web". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  18. ^ Rohwer, p. 376
  19. ^ Rohwer, p. 380
  20. ^ Rohwer, p. 386
  21. ^ Schull, p. 378
  22. ^ Rohwer, p. 392
  23. ^ Langran, Mike. "Winter's Rages". BBC History: WW2 Peoples' War. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  24. ^ Rohwer, pp. 393–94
  25. ^ Rohwer, p. 399
  26. ^ Rohwer, p. 403
  27. ^ Lawrence, Hal (1980). A Bloody War; One Man's Memories of the Canadian Navy, 1939–1945. Signet Books. ISBN 0771047347.
  28. ^ Boutiller, p. 322
  29. ^ "Pacific Training Cruise". The Crowsnest. Vol. 2, no. 5. King's Printer. March 1950. p. 2.
  30. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, pp. 3–4
  31. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, p. 12
  32. ^ a b Thorgrimsson and Russell, p. 17
  33. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, p. 20
  34. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, pp. 24–6
  35. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, p. 29
  36. ^ a b Thorgrimsson and Russell, pp. 31–3
  37. ^ Thorgrimsson and Russell, p. 36
  38. ^ Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15 June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden
  39. ^ Macpherson and Barrie (2002), p. 317
  40. ^ Colledge, p. 670
  41. ^ Proc, Jerry (4 August 2010). "Sioux's bell". HMCS Sioux. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
Publications
  • Arbuckle, J. Graeme (1987). Badges of the Canadian Navy. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus Publishing. ISBN 0-920852-49-1.
  • Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4.
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Gimblett, Richard H., ed. (2009). The Naval Service of Canada 1910–2010: The Centennial Story. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-1-55488-470-4.
  • Macpherson, Ken; Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces, 1910-2002 (3 ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1551250721.
  • Raven, Alan; Roberts, John (1978). War Built Destroyers O to Z Classes. London: Bivouac Books. ISBN 0-85680-010-4.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Revised & Expanded ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Schull, Joseph (1961). The Far Distant Ships: An Official Account of Canadian Naval Operations in the Second World War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer.
  • Thorgrimsson, Thor; Russell, E.C. (1965). Canadian Naval Operations In Korean Waters 1950 – 1955. Ottawa: National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces.
  • Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.
External links
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