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HMCS Dauphin

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HMCS Dauphin CN-2334.jpg
HMCS Dauphin at Pictou, Nova Scotia.
History
Canada
NameDauphin
NamesakeDauphin, Manitoba
OperatorRoyal Canadian Navy
Ordered20 January 1940
BuilderCanadian Vickers Ltd., Montreal
Laid down6 July 1940
Launched24 October 1940
Commissioned17 May 1941
Decommissioned20 June 1945
IdentificationPennant number: K157
Honours and
awards		Atlantic 1941-45[1]
FateSold for civilian use as Cortes in 1949 and renamed San Antonio in 1955.
General characteristics
Class and typeFlower-class corvette (original)[2]
Displacement925 long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons)
Length205 ft (62.48 m)o/a
Beam33 ft (10.06 m)
Draught11.5 ft (3.51 m)
Propulsion
  • single shaft
  • 2 × fire tube Scotch boilers
  • 1 × 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement85
Sensors and
processing systems
  • 1 × SW1C or 2C radar
  • 1 × Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Armament

HMCS Dauphin was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Dauphin, Manitoba.

Discover more about HMCS Dauphin related topics

Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvette

The Flower-class corvette was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Corvette

Corvette

A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the sloop-of-war.

Royal Canadian Navy

Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submarines, 12 coastal defence vessels, eight patrol class training vessels, two offshore patrol vessels, and several auxiliary vessels. The RCN consists of 8,570 Regular Force and 4,111 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 3,800 civilians. Vice-Admiral Angus Topshee is the current commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and chief of the Naval Staff.

World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. The campaign peaked from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.

Dauphin, Manitoba

Dauphin, Manitoba

Dauphin is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 8,457 as of the 2016 Canadian Census, with an additional 2,388 living in the surrounding Rural Municipality of Dauphin (RM), for a total of 10,845 in the RM and city combined. The city takes its name from Lake Dauphin and Fort Dauphin, which were named by explorer Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye in honour of the Dauphin of France, the heir to the French throne. Dauphin is Manitoba's ninth largest community and serves as a hub to the province's Parkland Region. The current mayor of Dauphin is Christian Laughland. Conservative Dan Mazier has been the member of Parliament for the Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette riding since November 2010. Progressive Conservative Brad Michaleski is the current member of the Legislative Assembly.

Background

Main article: Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvettes like Dauphin serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[3][4][5] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[6] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[7] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[8]

Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.[9]

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Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvette

The Flower-class corvette was a British class of 294 corvettes used during World War II by the Allied navies particularly as anti-submarine convoy escorts in the Battle of the Atlantic. Royal Navy ships of this class were named after flowers.

Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.

Percy W. Nelles

Percy W. Nelles

Admiral Percy Walker Nelles, was a flag officer in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the Chief of the Naval Staff from 1 January 1934 to 15 January 1944. He oversaw the massive wartime expansion of the RCN and the transformation of Canada into a major player in the Battle of the Atlantic. During his tenure U-boats raided the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canadian Northwest Atlantic command was created, and the RCN provided up to 40% of all escort forces in the North Atlantic. His handling of the RCN's war effort had its opponents however, and he was removed from his post as Chief of the Naval Staff in January 1944. He was sent to London as Overseas Naval Attaché, coordinating RCN operations for Operation Overlord. He retired in January 1945 as a full admiral.

Construction

Dauphin was ordered 20 January 1940 as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class shipbuilding program. She was laid down 6 July 1940 by Canadian Vickers Ltd. at Montreal, Quebec and launched on 24 October later that year. She was commissioned on 17 May 1941 at Montreal.[10] From April to September 1943, Dauphin was refitted at Pictou. During this time her fo'c'sle was extended.[10][11] In August 1944 she underwent another refit at Liverpool, Nova Scotia.[11]

Wartime service

In late June 1941 Dauphin joined Sydney Force. In September of that year she transferred to Newfoundland Command. However she was sent for further workups at Tobermory and returned to service as an ocean escort in mid-October.[11]

From October 1941 to August 1944 she was an ocean escort. After December 1942 she was assigned to escort group EG A-3, which was re-designated C-5 in June 1943. Dauphin was involved in three major convoy battles during that time; SC 100 in September 1942, ON 166 in February 1943 and SC 121 in March 1943.

U-boats repeatedly attacked SC 121 from 6 to 10 March. On the night of 9–10 March U-229 torpedoed the tramp steamers Nailsea Court, which sank, and Colmore, which was damaged and abandoned. Dauphin tried to reach a lifeboat containing 37 men from the two ships. She got within 250 yards of the boat when her steering gear failed, forcing her to stop. It took Dauphin four hours to repair her steering gear and return to the boat. By then it had capsized and she rescued only three survivors who were clinging to the keel.[12]

Daulhin was removed from convoy duty from April to September 1943 for a refit. In January 1945 she was reassigned to the Western Local Escort Force escort group W-7. She remained with the group until the end of the war.[11]

Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted

Convoy Escort Group Dates Notes
SC 36 1–4 July 1941[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 138 13 July 1941[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 139 17–18 July 1941[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
SC 38 22–25 July 1941[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 143 6-7 Aug 1941[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 142 8 Aug 1941[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 144 11-12 Aug 1941[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
SC 43 5-20 Sept 1941[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
SC 53 6-20 Nov 1941[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 38 26-30 Nov 1941[15] Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 60 18-24 Dec 1941[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 53 3-9 Jan 1942[15] Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 67 2-12 Feb 1942[13] Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 66 18-26 Feb 1942[15] Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 73 10–23 March 1942[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 80 28 March – 10 April 1942[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 89 MOEF group C2 28 June – 9 July 1942[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 113 MOEF group C2 18–26 July 1942[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 201 MOEF group C2 5-9 Aug 1942[14] Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 119 MOEF group C2 10-15 Aug 1942[15] Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 97 MOEF group C2 26 Aug – 6 Sept 1942[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 129 MOEF group C2 11-20 Sept 1942[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 210 MOEF group C3 4-7 Oct 1942[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
HX 211 MOEF group C1 13-20 Oct 1942[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 147 MOEF group C4 18-28 Nov 1942[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 111 MOEF group A3 1-14 Dec 1942[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 156 MOEF group A3 24 Dec 1942 – 8 Jan 1943[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 223 MOEF group A3 19-28 Jan 1943[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
SC 117 MOEF group B3 29 Jan – 2 Feb 1943[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
Convoy ON 166 MOEF group A3 12-21 Feb 1943[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
Convoy SC 121 MOEF group A3 3–12 March 1943[13] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 175 MOEF group A3 25 March – 8 April 1943[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 262 24 Oct – 2 Nov 1943[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 211 14-24 Nov 1943[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 268 1-10 Dec 1943[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 217 25 Dec 1943 – 5 Jan 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 274 11-21 Jan 1944[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 222 31 Jan – 10 Feb 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
ONS 31 14–25 March 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 285 2–11 April 1944[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 233 20 April – 3 May 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 290 10–19 May 1944[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 238 27 May – 3 June 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 295 15–23 June 1944[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 243 3–12 July 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 300 MOEF group C5 24 July – 2 Aug 1944[14] Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; largest HX convoy of the war
ON 248S 11-21 Aug 1944[15] Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 165 Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) 16-20 Jan 1945[13] Halifax to Newfoundland
ON 278 WLEF 24-31 Jan 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax
HX 336 WLEF 2-5 Feb 1945[14] Halifax to Newfoundland
ON 280 WLEF 6-7 Feb 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax
SC 167 WLEF 2-16 Feb 1945[13] Halifax to Newfoundland
ONS 42 WLEF 28 Feb – 4 March 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax
SC 170 WLEF 17–20 March 1945[13] Halifax to Newfoundland
ON 290 WLEF 24–29 March March 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax
HX 348 WLEF 3–6 April 1945[14] Halifax to Newfoundland
HX 350 WLEF 15–18 April 1945[14] Halifax to Newfoundland
ON 296 WLEF 24–30 April 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax
HX 354 WLEF 3–6 May 1945[14] Halifax to Newfoundland
SC 176 WLEF 16–20 May 1945[13] Halifax to Newfoundland
ONS 50 WLEF 25–29 May 1945[15] Newfoundland to Halifax

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Tobermory, Mull

Tobermory, Mull

Tobermory is the capital of, and until 1973 the only burgh on, the Isle of Mull in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. It is located on the east coast of Mishnish, the most northerly part of the island, near the northern entrance of the Sound of Mull. The village was founded as a fishing port in 1788; its layout was based on the designs of Dumfriesshire engineer Thomas Telford. It has a current population of about 1,000.

SC convoys

SC convoys

The SC convoys were a series of North Atlantic convoys that ran during the battle of the Atlantic during World War II.

Convoy ON 166

Convoy ON 166

Convoy ON 166 was the 166th of the numbered ON series of merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. Sixty-three ships departed Liverpool 11 February 1943 and were met the following day by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the Treasury-class cutters Campbell and Spencer and the Flower-class corvettes Dianthus, Chilliwack, Rosthern, Trillium and Dauphin.

Convoy SC 121

Convoy SC 121

Convoy SC 121 was the 121st of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City 23 February 1943; and were met by the Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Treasury-class cutter USCGC Spencer, the American Wickes-class destroyer USS Greer, the British and Canadian Flower-class corvettes HMS Dianthus, HMCS Rosthern, HMCS Trillium and HMCS Dauphin and the convoy rescue ship Melrose Abbey. Three of the escorts had defective sonar and three had unserviceable radar.

U-boat

U-boat

U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic-warfare role and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping. The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire, and from the United States, to the United Kingdom and to the Soviet Union and the Allied territories in the Mediterranean. German submarines also targeted Brazilian merchant ships during both World Wars and, twice over, precipitated Brazil's decision to give up its neutral stance and declare war on Germany.

German submarine U-229

German submarine U-229

German submarine U-229 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Tramp trade

Tramp trade

A boat or ship engaged in the tramp trade is one which does not have a fixed schedule, itinerary nor published ports of call, and trades on the spot market as opposed to freight liners. A steamship engaged in the tramp trade is sometimes called a tramp steamer; similar terms, such as tramp freighter and tramper, are also used. Chartering is done chiefly on London, New York, and Singapore shipbroking exchanges. The Baltic Exchange serves as a type of stock market index for the trade.

SS Nailsea Court (1936)

SS Nailsea Court (1936)

SS Nailsea Court was a UK cargo steamship. She was launched in 1936 in Sunderland, England. She was named after Nailsea Court in Somerset, England, which is an historic Elizabethan manor house. A U-boat sank her in the North Atlantic in March 1943. 45 men died and only four survived.

Western Local Escort Force

Western Local Escort Force

Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) referred to the organization of anti-submarine escorts for World War II trade convoys from North American port cities to the Western Ocean Meeting Point near Newfoundland where ships of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) assumed responsibility for safely delivering the convoys to the British Isles.

Newfoundland (island)

Newfoundland (island)

Newfoundland is a large island off the east coast of the North American mainland and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It has 29 percent of the province's land area. The island is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait. It blocks the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, creating the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary. Newfoundland's nearest neighbour is the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

Iceland

Iceland

Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the population. Iceland is the largest part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that rises above sea level, and its central volcanic plateau is erupting almost constantly. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate.

HX convoys

HX convoys

The HX convoys were a series of North Atlantic convoys which ran during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. They were east-bound convoys and originated in Halifax, Nova Scotia from where they sailed to ports in the United Kingdom. They absorbed the BHX convoys from Bermuda en route. Later, after the United States entered the war, HX convoys began at New York.

Post-war service

Following the end of hostilities, Dauphin was paid off on 20 June 1945 at Sorel, Quebec. She was sold for conversion to a merchant ship and in 1949 entered service as Cortes under a Honduran flag. In 1955 she was renamed San Antonio and was registered under an Ecuadorean flag.[11] The ship was deleted in 1992.[16]

Source: "HMCS Dauphin", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS_Dauphin.

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Further Reading

HMCS Snowberry

HMCS Moose Jaw

HMCS Regina (K234)

HMCS Moncton (K139)

HMCS Mayflower

HMCS Trillium

HMCS Bittersweet

HMCS Rosthern

HMCS Wetaskiwin

HMCS Galt

HMCS Eyebright

HMCS Battleford

HMCS Chilliwack

HMCS Napanee

HMCS Shediac

HMCS Prescott

HMCS Arvida

HMCS Dunvegan
References
  1. ^ "Battle Honours". Britain's Navy. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  2. ^ Lenton, H.T.; Colledge, J.J (1968). British and Dominion Warships of World War II. Doubleday & Company. pp. 201, 212.
  3. ^ Ossian, Robert. "Complete List of Sailing Vessels". The Pirate King. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  4. ^ Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare. Vol. 11. London: Phoebus. pp. 1137–1142.
  5. ^ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. New Jersey: Random House. 1996. p. 68. ISBN 0-517-67963-9.
  6. ^ Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005). The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy. Stackpole Books. pp. 39–63. ISBN 0-8117-3275-4.
  7. ^ Chesneau, Roger; Gardiner, Robert (June 1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946. Naval Institute Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-87021-913-8.
  8. ^ Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. pp. 117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
  9. ^ Macpherson, Ken; Milner, Marc (1993). Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939-1945. St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-052-7.
  10. ^ a b "HMCS Dauphin (K157)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d e Macpherson, Ken; Burgess, John (1981). The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910-1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships. Toronto: Collins. p. 74. ISBN 0-00216-856-1.
  12. ^ Shipping Casualties Section – Trade Division (23 March 1943). "Report of an Interview with the 2nd Engineer, Mr HCC Bette; SS "Nailsea Court" – 4946 gt". Ministry of War Transport. Retrieved 3 November 2020 – via ss Nailsea Court.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "SC convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "HX convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "ON convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  16. ^ "Dauphin (5309401)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
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