Get Our Extension
Select Wikiz in another Language
DeutschEspañolSuomiFrançaisעבריתItalianoNederlands
Settings
A
A
Text Highlights
Notes/Citations
Edit on Wikipedia

Share This Article

About Wikiz About Us Cookies Policy Terms & Services Privacy Policy Contact Contact us Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA
Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA

Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Museo Guggenheim Bilbao / Guggenheim Bilbao Museoa
Museo Guggenheim, Bilbao (31273245344).jpg
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, along the Nervión Estuary in central Bilbao
Map
Established18 October 1997; 25 years ago (1997-10-18)
LocationAbando, Bilbao, Spain
Coordinates43°16′07″N 2°56′02″W / 43.26861°N 2.93389°W / 43.26861; -2.93389Coordinates: 43°16′07″N 2°56′02″W / 43.26861°N 2.93389°W / 43.26861; -2.93389
TypeArt museum
Visitors1 289 147 (2022)[1]
DirectorJuan Ignacio Vidarte
Public transit accessBilbao tram
Websiteguggenheim-bilbao.eus

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. The museum was inaugurated on 18 October 1997 by King Juan Carlos I of Spain, with an exhibition of 250 contemporary works of art. Built alongside the Nervion River, which runs through the city of Bilbao to the Cantabrian Sea, it is one of several museums belonging to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and features permanent and visiting exhibits of works by Spanish and international artists. It is one of the largest museums in Spain.

One of the most admired works of contemporary architecture, the building has been hailed as a "signal moment in the architectural culture", because it represents "one of those rare moments when critics, academics, and the general public were all completely united about something", according to architectural critic Paul Goldberger.[2] The museum was the building most frequently named as one of the most important works completed since 1980 in the 2010 World Architecture Survey among architecture experts.[2]

Discover more about Guggenheim Museum Bilbao related topics

Museum

Museum

A museum is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through displays that may be permanent or temporary. The largest museums are located in major cities throughout the world, while thousands of local museums exist in smaller cities, towns, and rural areas. Museums have varying aims, ranging from the conservation and documentation of their collection, serving researchers and specialists, to catering to the general public. The goal of serving researchers is not only scientific, but intended to serve the general public.

Frank Gehry

Frank Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry,, FAIA is a Canadian-born American architect and designer. A number of his buildings, including his private residence in Santa Monica, California, have become world-renowned attractions.

Juan Carlos I

Juan Carlos I

Juan Carlos I is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the Rey Emérito.

Cantabrian Sea

Cantabrian Sea

The Cantabrian Sea is the term used mostly in Spain to describe the coastal sea of the Atlantic Ocean that borders the northern coast of Spain and the southwest side of the Atlantic coast of France, included in the Bay of Biscay. It extends from the cape Estaca de Bares in the province of A Coruña, to the mouth of the river Adour, near the city of Bayonne on the coast of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in French Basque Country.

Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation

Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded in 1937 by philanthropist Solomon R. Guggenheim and his long-time art advisor, artist Hilla von Rebay. The foundation is a leading institution for the collection, preservation, and research of modern and contemporary art and operates several museums around the world. The first museum established by the foundation was The Museum of Non-Objective Painting, in New York City. This became The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952, and the foundation moved the collection into its first permanent museum building, in New York City, in 1959. The foundation next opened the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, Italy, in 1980. Its international network of museums expanded in 1997 to include the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain, and it expects to open a new museum, Guggenheim Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates after its construction is completed.

List of largest art museums

List of largest art museums

Art museums are some of the largest buildings in the world. The world's most pre-eminent museums have also engaged in various expansion projects through the years, expanding their total exhibition space.

Contemporary architecture

Contemporary architecture

Contemporary architecture is the architecture of the 21st century. No single style is dominant. Contemporary architects work in several different styles, from postmodernism, high-tech architecture and new interpretations of traditional architecture to highly conceptual forms and designs, resembling sculpture on an enormous scale. Some of these styles and approaches make use of very advanced technology and modern building materials, such as tube structures which allow construction of buildings that are taller, lighter and stronger than those in the 20th century, while others prioritize the use of natural and ecological materials like stone, wood and lime. One technology that is common to all forms of contemporary architecture is the use of new techniques of computer-aided design, which allow buildings to be designed and modeled on computers in three dimensions, and constructed with more precision and speed.

Paul Goldberger

Paul Goldberger

Paul Goldberger is an American author, architecture critic and lecturer. He is known for his "Sky Line" column in The New Yorker.

World Architecture Survey

World Architecture Survey

The World Architecture Survey was conducted in 2010 by Vanity Fair, to determine the most important works of contemporary architecture. 52 leading architects, teachers, and critics, including several Pritzker Prize winners and deans of major architecture schools were asked for their opinion.

History

Founding

In 1991, the Basque government suggested to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation that it would fund a Guggenheim museum to be built in Bilbao's decrepit port area, once the city's main source of income.[3][4][5] The Basque government agreed to cover the US$100 million construction cost, to create a US$50 million acquisitions fund, to pay a one-time US$20 million fee to the Guggenheim and to subsidize the museum's US$12 million annual budget. In exchange, the foundation agreed to manage the institution, rotate parts of its permanent collection through the Bilbao museum and organize temporary exhibitions.[6]

The museum was built by Ferrovial,[7] at a cost of US$89 million.[8] About 5,000 residents of Bilbao attended a preopening extravaganza outside the museum on the night preceding the official opening, featuring an outdoor light show and concerts. On 18 October 1997 the museum was opened by Juan Carlos I of Spain.[5] On the 13th, two ETA militants had shot dead a Basque policeman who interrupted their attempt to set up grenade launchers to attack the opening. [9]

Urdaibai expansion

In 2008, the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao announced that it was looking into building a 5,000 m2 (53,800 sq ft) expansion in Urdaibai, an estuary to the east of Bilbao. By 2022, the government of the Biscay province presented plans to put 40 million euros toward the expansion.[10]

Discover more about History related topics

Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation

Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded in 1937 by philanthropist Solomon R. Guggenheim and his long-time art advisor, artist Hilla von Rebay. The foundation is a leading institution for the collection, preservation, and research of modern and contemporary art and operates several museums around the world. The first museum established by the foundation was The Museum of Non-Objective Painting, in New York City. This became The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952, and the foundation moved the collection into its first permanent museum building, in New York City, in 1959. The foundation next opened the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, Italy, in 1980. Its international network of museums expanded in 1997 to include the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao, Spain, and it expects to open a new museum, Guggenheim Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates after its construction is completed.

Bilbao

Bilbao

Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of 346,843 as of 2019. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552 comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region.

Ferrovial

Ferrovial

Ferrovial, S.A., previously Grupo Ferrovial, is a Spanish multinational company that operates in the infrastructure sector for transportation and mobility with four divisions: Highways, Airports, Construction, and Mobility and Energy Infrastructure. The Highway sector develops, finances, and operates tolls on highways such as the 407 ETR, the North Tarrant Express, the LBJ Express, Euroscut Azores, I-66, I-77, NTE35W, and Ausol I. The Airports sector operates at Heathrow, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Southampton. The Construction business designs and carries out public and private works such as roads, highways, airports, and buildings. The Mobility and Energy Infrastructure Department is responsible for managing renewable energy, sustainable mobility, and circular economy projects. Ferrovial is present in more than 20 countries where its business lines operate.

Ertzaintza

Ertzaintza

The Ertzaintza, is the autonomous police force for the Basque Country, largely replacing the Spanish Policía Nacional and Guardia Civil. An Ertzaintza member is called an ertzaina.

Urdaibai estuary

Urdaibai estuary

The Urdaibai estuary is a natural region and a Biosphere Reserve of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain. It is also referred as Mundaka or Gernika estuary.

Biscay

Biscay

Biscay is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Biscay, lying on the south shore of the eponymous bay. The capital and largest city is Bilbao.

Building

The museum is clad in glass, titanium, and limestone.
The museum is clad in glass, titanium, and limestone.

Architecture

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation selected Frank Gehry as the architect, and its director, Thomas Krens, encouraged him to design something daring and innovative.[11] The curves on the exterior of the building were intended to appear random; the architect said that "the randomness of the curves are designed to catch the light".[12] The interior "is designed around a large, light-filled atrium with views of Bilbao's estuary and the surrounding hills of the Basque country".[13] The atrium, which Gehry nicknamed The Flower because of its shape, serves as the organizing center of the museum.[6]

When the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao opened to the public in 1997, it was immediately hailed as one of the world's most spectacular buildings in the style of Deconstructivism (although Gehry does not associate himself with that architectural movement),[14] a masterpiece of the 20th century.[15] Architect Philip Johnson described it as "the greatest building of our time",[16] while critic Calvin Tomkins, in The New Yorker, characterized it as "a fantastic dream ship of undulating form in a cloak of titanium," its brilliantly reflective panels also reminiscent of fish scales.[15] Herbert Muschamp praised its "mercurial brilliance" in The New York Times Magazine.[17] The Independent calls the museum "an astonishing architectural feat".[13]

Aerial view of the museum
Aerial view of the museum

The museum is seamlessly integrated into the urban context, unfolding its interconnecting shapes of stone, glass and titanium on a 32,500-square-meter (350,000 sq ft) site along the Nervión River in the ancient industrial heart of the city; while modest from street level, it is most impressive when viewed from the river.[17][18] With a total 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft), of which 11,000 m2 (120,000 sq ft) are dedicated to exhibition space, it had more exhibition space than the three Guggenheim collections in New York and Venice combined at that time.[5] The 11,000 m2 of exhibition space are distributed over nineteen galleries, ten of which follow a classic orthogonal plan that can be identified from the exterior by their stone finishes. The remaining nine galleries are irregularly shaped and can be identified from the outside by their swirling organic forms and titanium cladding. The largest gallery measures 30 meters wide and 130 meters long (98 ft × 427 ft).[4][17] In 2005, it housed Richard Serra's monumental installation The Matter of Time, which Robert Hughes dubbed "courageous and sublime".[19]

The building was constructed on time and budget, which is rare for architecture of this type. In an interview in Harvard Design Magazine, Gehry explained how he did it. First, he ensured that what he calls the "organization of the artist" prevailed during construction, to prevent political and business interests from interfering with the design. Second, he made sure he had a detailed and realistic cost estimate before proceeding. Third, he used computer visualizations produced by Rick Smith employing Dassault Systemes' CATIA V3 software[20][21] and collaborated closely with the individual building trades to control costs during construction.

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines donated $1,000,000 towards its construction.

Foundation

The museum building used more than 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) of concrete, or 10,000 cubic metres (350,000 cu ft), as it required deep and solid foundations. The foundation was laid on reinforced concrete piles driven into the bedrock at an average depth of 14 metres (46 ft).[22]

The building sits on a clay base from the bed of the nearby Estuary of Bilbao and required the embedment of 665 pilings piles, driven into the ground by boring machines.

Cladding

Interior
Interior

The base of the building is covered with beige limestone from the Huéscar quarries near Granada,[23] cut from 5 cm thick slabs. The building is clear thanks to the walls, specially treated to protect the interior from the effects of the sun. The glass of the windows has also been treated to prevent light from damaging the exposed pieces.

It is clad in titanium plates, arranged in scales, on a galvanized steel structure. The museum's exterior skin is made of 33,000[23] titanium plates, a material that has been used to replace copper or lead because of their toxicity.[23] Many tests have been carried out with different materials to find one that would withstand heat and bad weather, while maintaining its character. It was during this research process that tests were started on titanium samples and the best treatment was found.

Its lamination process is delicate and has to be done in places with high energy sources, that's why the laminated parts were made in Pittsburgh, in the United States, the rolling allowed to obtain titanium plates only 0.4mm thick,[23] which is much thinner than if steel plates had been used. Moreover, titanium is about half the weight of steel, and the museum's titanium coating represents only 60 tons.

During the conception, the pieces were designed to resist the bad weather, that is why a quilted rather than undulated shape was chosen, to resist the wind, and to avoid vibrations during storms.

Titanium is a low-polluting material, and each part has been designed differently according to its orientation on the building, so they correspond perfectly with the curves desired by Frank Gehry.

Discover more about Building related topics

Frank Gehry

Frank Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry,, FAIA is a Canadian-born American architect and designer. A number of his buildings, including his private residence in Santa Monica, California, have become world-renowned attractions.

Deconstructivism

Deconstructivism

Deconstructivism is a movement of postmodern architecture which appeared in the 1980s. It gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building, commonly characterised by an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry. Its name is a portmanteau of Constructivism and "Deconstruction", a form of semiotic analysis developed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Architects whose work is often described as deconstructivist include Zaha Hadid, Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi, and Coop Himmelb(l)au.

Calvin Tomkins

Calvin Tomkins

Calvin Tomkins is an author and art critic for The New Yorker magazine.

Herbert Muschamp

Herbert Muschamp

Herbert Mitchell Muschamp was an American architecture critic.

Nervión

Nervión

The River Nervión runs through the town of Bilbao, Spain into the Cantabrian Sea. Its lowermost course, downstream of its confluence with the Ibaizabal River, is known as the Estuary of Bilbao.

Harvard Design Magazine

Harvard Design Magazine

Harvard Design Magazine is a biannual publication of the Harvard Graduate School of Design. It is indexed by the standard subject bibliographies, including Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Bibliography of the History of Art, and Artbibliographies Modern. Harvard Design Magazine is a registered nonprofit organization.

Organization of the artist

Organization of the artist

The organization of the artist is a method used by architect Frank Gehry that places the artist in control of the design throughout a building construction and deliberately eliminates the influence of politicians and business people on design.

Dassault Systèmes

Dassault Systèmes

Dassault Systèmes SE is a French multinational software corporation which develops software for 3D product design, simulation, manufacturing and other 3D related products.

Clay

Clay

Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4).

Estuary of Bilbao

Estuary of Bilbao

The Estuary of Bilbao lies at the common mouth of the rivers Nervion, Ibaizabal and Cadagua, which drain most of Biscay and part of Alava in the Basque Country, Spain. In this instance, the Spanish word estuario is used to describe what in English would normally be called part estuary, part tidal river. The estuary becomes a tidal river which extends 16 km (9.9 mi) into the city of Bilbao, starting from the Bilbao Abra bay. It hosts the port of Bilbao throughout its length, although the Port Authority has recently restored most of the upper reaches to Bilbao and other municipalities for their urban regeneration. The port is now being transferred to the seaboard on the coast at Santurtzi and Zierbena.

Huéscar

Huéscar

Huéscar is a municipality of the province of Granada, Spain.

Granada

Granada

Granada is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of four rivers, the Darro, the Genil, the Monachil and the Beiro. Ascribed to the Vega de Granada comarca, the city sits at an average elevation of 738 m (2,421 ft) above sea level, yet is only one hour by car from the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held.

Virtual Building

In the fall of 1993, architects at Gehry Partners began to utilize Dassault Systèmes' CATIA software for the schematic design phase of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao to digitize and model the exterior of the museum project. Essentially, this software calculates point by point the stresses to which materials are subjected, by generating a 3D model showing the different tensions and allowing the values of many structural elements of the museum to be calculated: the steel structure, titanium cladding or foundations, among others. It also helped to automate the cutting of materials such as stone or titanium plates.

The architects applied Master Modeling and Virtual Build Processes they learned from Rick Smith[24][25] and his use of the same techniques on the Walt Disney Concert Hall during the previous two years.[26] The success and global awareness of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao ushered in a new era of Virtual Building and was a catalyst for what would become popularly known as Building Information Modeling seven years later.

Pulitzer prize winning architectural critic Paul Goldberger shares the words of others that Bilbao "could not have been constructed without CATIA". He further relays that Bilbao "was the first building for which CATIA played a role in almost every aspect of the design and construction process".[27]

Discover more about Virtual Building related topics

Dassault Systèmes

Dassault Systèmes

Dassault Systèmes SE is a French multinational software corporation which develops software for 3D product design, simulation, manufacturing and other 3D related products.

CATIA

CATIA

CATIA is a multi-platform software suite for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE), 3D modeling and product lifecycle management (PLM), developed by the French company Dassault Systèmes.

Walt Disney Concert Hall

Walt Disney Concert Hall

The Walt Disney Concert Hall at 111 South Grand Avenue in downtown Los Angeles, California, is the fourth hall of the Los Angeles Music Center and was designed by Frank Gehry. It was opened on October 24, 2003. Bounded by Hope Street, Grand Avenue, and 1st and 2nd Streets, it seats 2,265 people and serves, among other purposes, as the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic orchestra and the Los Angeles Master Chorale. The hall is a compromise between a vineyard-style seating configuration, like the Berliner Philharmonie by Hans Scharoun, and a classical shoebox design like the Vienna Musikverein or the Boston Symphony Hall.

Building information modeling

Building information modeling

Building information modeling (BIM) is a process supported by various tools, technologies and contracts involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places. Building information models (BIMs) are computer files which can be extracted, exchanged or networked to support decision-making regarding a built asset. BIM software is used by individuals, businesses and government agencies who plan, design, construct, operate and maintain buildings and diverse physical infrastructures, such as water, refuse, electricity, gas, communication utilities, roads, railways, bridges, ports and tunnels.

Exhibitions

The museum notably houses "large-scale, site-specific works and installations by contemporary artists", such as Richard Serra's 100-meter-long (340 ft) Snake, and displays the work of Basque artists, "as well as housing a selection of works" from the foundation's modern art collection.[13] In 1997, the museum opened with "The Guggenheim Museums and the Art of This Century", a 300-piece overview of 20th-century art from Cubism to new media art. Most pieces came from the Guggenheim's permanent collection, but the museum also acquired paintings by Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko and Clyfford Still and commissioned new works by Francesco Clemente, Anselm Kiefer, Jenny Holzer and Richard Serra.[6]

The exhibitions change often; the museum generally hosts thematic exhibitions, centered for example on Chinese or Russian art. Traditional paintings and sculptures are a minority compared to installations and electronic forms. The highlight of the collection, and its only permanent exhibit, is The Matter of Time (incorporating an earlier work, Snake), a series of weathering steel sculptures designed by Serra, which is housed in the 130-meter Arcelor Gallery (formerly known as the Fish Gallery but renamed in 2005 for the steel manufacturer that sponsored the project).[28] The collections usually highlight Avant-garde art, 20th century abstraction, and non-objective art. When the museum announced the 2011 exhibition "The Luminous Interval", a show of artwork belonging to Greek businessman Dimitris Daskalopoulos, who is also a museum trustee, this met with criticism of, among other things, too much curatorial power for a serious benefactor.[29] In 2005, Olivier Berggruen and Ingrid Pfeiffer curated a retrospective of Yves Klein.[30] In 2012 David Hockney's exhibition drew over 290,000 visitors to the museum.

Discover more about Exhibitions related topics

Richard Serra

Richard Serra

Richard Serra is an American artist known for his large-scale sculptures made for site-specific landscape, urban, and architectural settings. Serra's sculptures are notable for their material quality and exploration of the relationship between the viewer, the work, and the site. Since the mid-1960s, Serra has worked to radicalize and extend the definition of sculpture beginning with his early experiments with rubber, neon, and lead, to his large-scale steel works.

Cubism

Cubism

Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related artistic movements in music, literature, and architecture. In Cubist works of art, the subjects are analyzed, broken up, and reassembled in an abstract form—instead of depicting objects from a single perspective, the artist depicts the subject from multiple perspectives to represent the subject in a greater context. Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term cubism is broadly associated with a variety of artworks produced in Paris or near Paris (Puteaux) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s.

Willem de Kooning

Willem de Kooning

Willem de Kooning was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. He was born in Rotterdam and moved to the United States in 1926, becoming an American citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married painter Elaine Fried.

Mark Rothko

Mark Rothko

Mark Rothko, born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz, was a Latvian-American abstract painter. He is best known for his color field paintings that depicted irregular and painterly rectangular regions of color, which he produced from 1949 to 1970.

Clyfford Still

Clyfford Still

Clyfford Still was an American painter, and one of the leading figures in the first generation of Abstract Expressionists, who developed a new, powerful approach to painting in the years immediately following World War II. Still has been credited with laying the groundwork for the movement, as his shift from representational to abstract painting occurred between 1938 and 1942, earlier than his colleagues like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko, who continued to paint in figurative-surrealist styles well into the 1940s.

Francesco Clemente

Francesco Clemente

Francesco Clemente is an Italian contemporary artist. He has lived at various times in Italy, India and New York City. Some of his work is influenced by the traditional art and culture of India. He has worked in various artistic media including drawing, fresco, graphics, mosaic, oils and sculpture. He was among the principal figures in the Italian Transavanguardia movement of the 1980s, which was characterised by a rejection of Formalism and conceptual art and a return to figurative art and Symbolism.

Anselm Kiefer

Anselm Kiefer

Anselm Kiefer is a German painter and sculptor. He studied with Peter Dreher and Horst Antes at the end of the 1960s. His works incorporate materials such as straw, ash, clay, lead, and shellac. The poems of Paul Celan have played a role in developing Kiefer's themes of German history and the horrors of the Holocaust, as have the spiritual concepts of Kabbalah.

Jenny Holzer

Jenny Holzer

Jenny Holzer is an American neo-conceptual artist, based in Hoosick, New York. The main focus of her work is the delivery of words and ideas in public spaces and includes large-scale installations, advertising billboards, projections on buildings and other structures, and illuminated electronic displays.

The Matter of Time

The Matter of Time

The Matter of Time is an installation comprising eight pieces of torqued ellipses made of weathering steel, by the US sculptor Richard Serra. It incorporates a series of seven sculptures made of spot-welded sheets of steel that form 14-foot (4.3 m)-high curling walls positioned around the existing sculpture, Snake (Serpiente), that had been commissioned for the museum's opening in 1997.

Weathering steel

Weathering steel

Weathering steel, often referred to by the genericised trademark COR-TEN steel and sometimes written without the hyphen as corten steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and form a stable rust-like appearance after several years' exposure to weather.

Dimitris Daskalopoulos

Dimitris Daskalopoulos

Dimitris Daskalopoulos is a Greek entrepreneur who is known as founder and chairman of DAMMA Holdings SA, a financial services and investment company. He served as the Chairman of the Board of the Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV) for 8 consecutive years (2006-2014). He is SEV’s Honorary President.

Jeff Koons

Jeff Koons

Jeffrey Lynn Koons is an American artist recognized for his work dealing with popular culture and his sculptures depicting everyday objects, including balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror-finish surfaces. He lives and works in both New York City and his hometown of York, Pennsylvania. His works have sold for substantial sums, including at least two record auction prices for a work by a living artist: US$58.4 million for Balloon Dog (Orange) in 2013 and US$91.1 million for Rabbit in 2019.

Economic and media impact

The museum was opened as part of a revitalization effort for the city of Bilbao.[31] Almost immediately after its opening, the Guggenheim Bilbao became a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the globe.[14] In its first three years, almost 4 million tourists visited the museum, helping to generate about €500 million in economic activity. The regional council estimated that the money visitors spent on hotels, restaurants, shops and transport allowed it to collect €100 million in taxes, which more than paid for the building cost.[32]

Aerial view of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Aerial view of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The building was featured in the 1999 James Bond film The World Is Not Enough in the pre-title sequence and the Tamil film Sivaji (2007), in which it is the setting for the music video of the song "Style", composed by A. R. Rahman.[33] Mariah Carey's music video "Sweetheart", directed by Hype Williams, shows singers Jermaine Dupri and Carey in various locations at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

Discover more about Economic and media impact related topics

Bilbao

Bilbao

Bilbao is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of 346,843 as of 2019. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552 comarca of Greater Bilbao is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region.

The World Is Not Enough

The World Is Not Enough

The World Is Not Enough is a 1999 spy film, the nineteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions and the third to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. It was directed by Michael Apted, from an original story and screenplay by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade and Bruce Feirstein. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli. The title is the translation of the motto on the Bond family coat of arms, seen first in On Her Majesty's Secret Service.

A. R. Rahman

A. R. Rahman

Allah Rakha Rahman is an Indian music composer, record producer, singer and songwriter, popular for his works in Indian cinema; predominantly in Tamil and Hindi films, with occasional forays in international cinema, as well as an arrangement of the 20th Century Studios fanfare for Star Studios. He is a winner of six National Film Awards, two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South. In 2010, the Indian government conferred him with the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third-highest civilian award.

Mariah Carey

Mariah Carey

Mariah Carey is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Songbird Supreme" by Guinness World Records, she is noted for her five-octave vocal range, melismatic singing style, improvisation skills, her signature use of the whistle register, and songwriting. Carey is famous for the enduring popularity of her holiday music, particularly the 1994 song "All I Want for Christmas Is You", and she has been dubbed the "Queen of Christmas". Carey rose to fame in 1990 with her debut album Mariah Carey. She was the first artist to have their first five singles reach number one on the Billboard Hot 100, from "Vision of Love" to "Emotions". An inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, she is credited for inspiring several generations of pop and R&B artists, and for merging hip hop with pop music through her crossover collaborations.

Sweetheart (Rainy Davis song)

Sweetheart (Rainy Davis song)

"Sweetheart" is a song originally recorded by American singer Rainy Davis. It was written by Davis and Pete Warner, and they produced it with Dorothy Kessler. The track was released in 1986 by independent record label SuperTronics as a single from Davis's 1987 studio album Sweetheart. A freestyle, hip hop pop, and synth-funk song, "Sweetheart" appeared on R&B and dance music-based record charts in the United States.

Hype Williams

Hype Williams

Harold Williams is an American music video director, film director, film producer, and screenwriter.

Jermaine Dupri

Jermaine Dupri

Jermaine Dupri Mauldin is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.

Criticism

The so-called "Bilbao effect" refers to how the museum transformed the city. The term, however, has also been employed by critics who have denounced the museum as a symbol of gentrification and cultural imperialism.[34] The Wall Street Journal suggested that the Bilbao effect should be called the Bilbao anomaly, "for the iconic chemistry between the design of building, its image and the public turns out to be rather rare."[35]

Art critic Brian O'Doherty was positive about approaching the building but criticized the museum's interior effect, saying "[O]nce you get indoors things are a little different. Even the so-called site-specific works didn't look too happy to me. Most of the interior spaces are too vast." He went on to describe how works by Braque, Picasso and Rodchenko "looked absurd" and tiny on the museum's walls.[36]

Discover more about Criticism related topics

Gentrification

Gentrification

Gentrification is the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses. It is a common and controversial topic in urban politics and planning. Gentrification often increases the economic value of a neighborhood, but the resulting demographic displacement may itself become a major social issue. Gentrification often sees a shift in a neighborhood's racial or ethnic composition and average household income as housing and businesses become more expensive and resources that had not been previously accessible are extended and improved.

Cultural imperialism

Cultural imperialism

Cultural imperialism comprises the cultural dimensions of imperialism. The word "imperialism" describes practices in which a country engages culture to create and maintain unequal social and economic relationships among social groups. Cultural imperialism often uses wealth, media power and violence to implement the system of cultural hegemony that legitimizes imperialism.

The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused international daily newspaper based in New York City with international editions published in Chinese and Japanese. The Journal and its Asian editions are published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp. The newspaper is published in broadsheet format and online. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8, 1889. The Journal is regarded as a newspaper of record, particularly in terms of business and financial news. The newspaper has won 38 Pulitzer Prizes, the most recent in 2019.

Brian O'Doherty

Brian O'Doherty

Brian O'Doherty was an Irish-American art critic, writer, visual artist, and academic. He lived in New York City for over 50 years, serving as an art critic for The New York Times and NBC, as well as an editor for Art in America. He used a number of alter egos, including Patrick Ireland.

Georges Braque

Georges Braque

Georges Braque was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque's work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso.

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Alexander Rodchenko

Alexander Rodchenko

Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko was a Russian and Soviet artist, sculptor, photographer, and graphic designer. He was one of the founders of constructivism and Russian design; he was married to the artist Varvara Stepanova.

Controversy

Management and 2007 embezzlement incident

According to a report issued in 2007 by the Basque Court of Auditors, the museum paid more than US$27 million for the acquisition of art between 2002 and 2005, including Serra's The Matter of Time for the cavernous ground-floor gallery.[37] After another audit in 2008 revealed that money was missing from accounts,[38] the foundation said that it filed a case against the director, Roberto Cearsolo Barrenetxea, "for financial and accounting irregularities", asserting that he had admitted diverting money from two companies that manage the Guggenheim Bilbao building and its art collection[39] to his own account since 1998.[40]

2021–2022 strike

In 2021–2022, the 18 cleaners (mostly women) went on strike for 9 months until they got raises and full-time contracts.[41]

Gallery

  • Bilbao Guggenheim

    Bilbao Guggenheim

  • Bilbao Guggenheim

    Bilbao Guggenheim

  • Bilbao Puppy by Jeff Koons

    Bilbao Puppy by Jeff Koons

  • Bilbao Guggenheim, rear

    Bilbao Guggenheim, rear

  • Acrylics on fine art paper painting by Iñaki Crespo

    Acrylics on fine art paper painting by Iñaki Crespo

  • Guggenheim museum at night

    Guggenheim museum at night

  • Guggenheim at sunset

    Guggenheim at sunset

Source: "Guggenheim Museum Bilbao", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 20th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

Download Extension

Further Reading

CATIA

Frank Gehry

Bilbao

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation

Blobitecture

Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts

Contemporary architecture

Bilbao Fine Arts Museum

Deconstructivism

Saadiyat Island

Sketches of Frank Gehry

Digital Project

Guggenheim Abu Dhabi

Thomas Krens

Louis Vuitton Foundation
See also
References
  1. ^ "El Guggenheim recibió 1,2 visitantes en 2022 y aportó al PIB 413,9 millones de euros". Europa Press. 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Tyrnauer, Matt (30 June 2010). "Architecture in the Age of Gehry". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  3. ^ Templar, Karen. "Frank Gerry", Salon, 5 October 1997, accessed 21 March 2012
  4. ^ a b "Guggenheim Museum Bilbao", The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, accessed 4 April 2012
  5. ^ a b c Security tight before Guggenheim Museum opens in Basque city, CNN, 18 October 1997
  6. ^ a b c Riding, Alan. "A Gleaming New Guggenheim for Grimy Bilbao", The New York Times, 24 June 1997.
  7. ^ "Ferrovial history". Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2007.
  8. ^ Ouroussoff, Nicolai. "The Architect's New Museum in Bilbao, Spain, Emerges as a Testament to One Man's Optimism Amid a Landscape of Industrial Decay", Los Angeles Times, 2 June 1997.
  9. ^ Igea, Octavio (13 October 2017). "Homenaje al ertzaina asesinado por ETA en el Guggenheim: «Se han olvidado de Txema»". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). Bilbao. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  10. ^ Alex Greenberger (29 July 2022), Guggenheim’s Long-Awaited Expansion to Spanish Nature Reserve Moves Closer to Becoming a Reality ARTnews.
  11. ^ Gehry, Frank. Frank Gehry Talks Architecture and Process (New York: Rizolli, 1999), p. 20
  12. ^ Aggerwal, Artika. "Frank Owen Gerty". Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  13. ^ a b c Walsh, John. "The priceless Peggy Guggenheim", The Independent, 21 October 2009, accessed 12 March 2012
  14. ^ a b Lee, Denny (23 September 2007). "Bilbao, 10 Years Later". The New York Times.
  15. ^ a b Tompkins, Calvin. "The Maverick", The New Yorker, 7 July 1997, accessed 13 March 2012
  16. ^ Tyrnauer, Matt. "Architecture in the Age of Gehry", Vanity Fair, August 2010, accessed 27 March 2012
  17. ^ a b c Muschamp, Herbert. "The Miracle in Bilbao", The New York Times Magazine, 7 September 1997, accessed 4 April 2012
  18. ^ Templer, Karen. "Frank Gehry", Salon, 5 October 1999, accessed 27 March 2012
  19. ^ Hughes, Robert, "Man of Steel", The Guardian, 22 June 2005, accessed 27 March 2012
  20. ^ Goldberger, Paul (2015). Building Art - The Life and Work of Frank Gehry. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-307-70153-4.
  21. ^ Malherbe, Arnaud (23 October 2003). "Gehry Technologies Extends Partnership with Dassault Systèmes to Develop Solutions for Building Industry". Dassault Systemes' Press Releases. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  22. ^ "Guggenheim Museum". Ferrovial. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d "✅ Guggenheim Bilbao - Données, Photos et Plans". WikiArquitectura. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  24. ^ "AIA Awards". Architect: 238. June 2014.
  25. ^ Baudoin, Genevieve (January 2016). "A Matter of Tolerance". The Plan Journal. 0/2016: 38, 39.
  26. ^ Caneparo, Luca (2014). Digital Fabrication in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-7137-6.
  27. ^ Goldberger, Paul (2015). Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-307-70153-4.
  28. ^ Bird's-eye rendering of the Arcelor Gallery with layout of installation "The Matter of Time", Artnet News, accessed 14 April 2012
  29. ^ Vogel, Carol. "Guggenheim Defends Show of Trustee’s Art", The New York Times, 16 December 2010.
  30. ^ Guggenheim Bilbao, Art Program: 2005
  31. ^ Cañadillas, Iñaki. "Caso práctico: La Planificación Estratégica del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao desde una perspectiva de Marketing" (PDF). Retrieved 13 October 2011.
  32. ^ Crawford, Leslie. "Guggenheim, Bilbao, and the 'hot banana'" Archived 18 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Financial Times, 4 September 2001.
  33. ^ Skin Grafting in 'Sivaji', India Glitz
  34. ^ Hedgecoe, Guy. "Bilbao's Guggenheim continues to divide", Deutsche Welle, 6 June 2012.
  35. ^ Rybczynski, Witold. When Buildings Try Too Hard, Wall Street Journal, 22 November 2008.
  36. ^ "Public Spectacle: Mark Godfrey and Rosie Bennett talk to Brian O'Doherty," Frieze, issue 80, Jan./Feb. 2004, p. 56.
  37. ^ Picard, Charmaine. "Guggenheim Bilbao director admits to €4.2m loss", The Art Newspaper, 14 August 2008.
  38. ^ Harris, Rachel Lee. "Bilbao Museum Official Sentenced", The New York Times, 29 November 2009.
  39. ^ Nayeri, Farah. [Guggenheim Bilbao Says Its Finance Director Embezzled US$775,000], Bloomberg, 17 April 2008.
  40. ^ Van Gelder, Lawrence. "Embezzlement at Guggenheim Bilbao", The New York Times, 17 April 2008.
  41. ^ "Limpiadoras del Guggenheim desconvocan la huelga indefinida tras un acuerdo para una subida salarial del 20%". ElDiario.es (in Spanish). Europa Press. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  • Cuito, Aurora, Pons, Eugeni, Guggenheim, 2001.
  • Guggenheim Bilbao, 2000, Connaissance des Arts (Société Française de Promotion Artistique) ; no. especial.
  • Sullivan, Edward J, Calvo Serraller, Francisco, Hunter, Sam, Forma eta figurazioa : Blake-Purnell bildumako maisu-lanak : [erakusketa, Guggenheim Bilbao Museoa], Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, 1998.
External links
Categories

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.