Get Our Extension

Glass harp

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
A glass harp being played in Rome, Italy. The rims of wine glasses filled with water are rubbed by the player's fingers to create the notes.
A glass harp being played in Rome, Italy. The rims of wine glasses filled with water are rubbed by the player's fingers to create the notes.

A glass harp (also called musical glasses, singing glasses, angelic organ, verrillon or ghost fiddle) is a musical instrument made of upright wine glasses.

It is played by running moistened or chalked fingers around the rim of the glasses. Each glass is tuned to a different pitch, either by grinding each goblet to the specified pitch, in which case the tuning is invariable, or by filling the glass with water until the desired pitch is achieved. Adding water causes the pitch do go down. Each glass model may have its pitch lowered by a fourth or even larger interval.

In addition, the sounds of a musical glass may be generated by bowing its rim with a bow for stringed instruments. In this case, a skilled musician may obtain the lowest tone (such as the one created by rubbing with the soaked finger) and also one or more higher notes, corresponding to the glass bowl higher modes.

History

1492 Italian illustration of a person playing a glass harp
1492 Italian illustration of a person playing a glass harp

Musical glasses were documented in Persia in the 14th century.[1] The glass harp was created in 1741 by Irishman Richard Pockrich, who is known as the first virtuoso of the musical glasses.[2] Pockrich called his instrument the "angelic organ" and it was played with sticks, rather than by rubbing the glasses with a moistened finger. It was reported in 1760 that, "Pockrich played Handel's Water Music on the glasses."[1] His successful concert career was brought to a premature end by a fire in which both the inventor and instrument perished in 1759.[3]

The composer Christoph Willibald Gluck played the musical glasses. He performed in London in 1746,[1] and Copenhagen. His instrument consisted of 26 goblets,[4] "filled with spring water."[1]

A Grand Harmonicon, a form of the glass harp invented by Francis Hopkinson Smith in 1825.[5]
A Grand Harmonicon, a form of the glass harp invented by Francis Hopkinson Smith in 1825.[5]

The instrument was popular in the 18th century. Pockrich's contemporary, Ford, published Instructions for the Playing of the Musical Glasses while Bartl published a German version.[6] In 1929 Bruno Hoffmann invented a glass harp consisting, "of 46 individually tuned glasses fixed on a resonant table."[1]

The Art of Instrumentation

This instrument, consisting of a number of tuned glasses, adapts itself excellently for the accompaniment of a Zither, owing to its delicate tonal-quality. The following is its usual compass: [image: G3-E6] But some possess a compass of only two octaves from [image: C4] to [image: C6]. Its tone [timbre] is very similar to the harmonics of a Zither, and if treated skilfully can be easily produced, in all tonal-shadings, from the most delicate 'pianissimo' to a moderate 'forte.' It is very effective as a solo instrument, with the accompaniment of a muted string quartette. Only sustained songs and melodious passages are adapted for this instrument.

— Prof. Henri Kling, The Art of Instrumentation (1905)[7]

Discover more about History related topics

Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran. It consists of characteristics developed through the country's classical, medieval, and contemporary eras. It also influenced areas and regions that are considered part of Greater Iran.

Richard Pockrich (inventor)

Richard Pockrich (inventor)

Richard Pockrich, Poekrich, or Puckeridge, was an Irish musician, and was the inventor of the glass harp in 1741.

Water Music

Water Music

The Water Music is a collection of orchestral movements, often published as three suites, composed by George Frideric Handel. It premiered on 17 July 1717, in response to King George I's request for a concert on the River Thames.

Christoph Willibald Gluck

Christoph Willibald Gluck

Christoph Willibald Gluck was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he gained prominence at the Habsburg court at Vienna. There he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices for which many intellectuals had been campaigning. With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them Orfeo ed Euridice and Alceste, he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian opera seria had enjoyed for much of the century. Gluck introduced more drama by using orchestral recitative and cutting the usually long da capo aria. His later operas have half the length of a typical baroque opera. Future composers like Mozart, Schubert, Berlioz and Wagner revered Gluck very highly.

Francis Hopkinson Smith

Francis Hopkinson Smith

Francis Hopkinson Smith was an American author, artist and engineer. He built the foundation for the Statue of Liberty, wrote many stories and received awards for his paintings.

Bruno Hoffmann

Bruno Hoffmann

Bruno Hoffmann was a German glass harpist. Hoffmann is widely acknowledged as the virtuoso who reanimated contemporary interest in the glass harp and glass harmonica.

Zither

Zither

Zithers are a class of stringed instruments. Historically, the name has been applied to any instrument of the psaltery family, or to an instrument consisting of many strings stretched across a thin, flat body. This article describes the latter variety.

Harmonic

Harmonic

A harmonic is a wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, the frequency of the original periodic signal, such as a sinusoidal wave. The original signal is also called the 1st harmonic, the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics. As all harmonics are periodic at the fundamental frequency, the sum of harmonics is also periodic at that frequency. The set of harmonics forms a harmonic series.

String quartet

String quartet

The term string quartet can refer to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two violinists, a violist, and a cellist.

Melody

Melody

A melody, also tune, voice or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Contemporary uses

In 1924, radio station WLAG (Minneapolis-St. Paul) broadcast musical glasses performances by Olin Wold and "Mrs. J. Albert Huseby."[8]

On March 9, 1938, Bruno Hoffmann performed on the glass harp at the London Museum in a program including Mozart's Adagio (K. 356) and Quintet for harmonica, flute, viola, oboe, and cello (K. 617), accompanied by Geoffrey Gilbert, Leon Goossens, Frederick Riddle, and James Whitehead. It was an "exquisite performance, in which the flute and viola in their upper registers were almost indistinguishable from the glasses, [which] held spell-bound a large audience, crowded over the floor, stairs and galleries".[9]

On February 18, 1979, Gloria Parker performed as a musical glasses soloist with the Hartford Symphony Orchestra at the Jai alai fronton in Hartford, Connecticut. Richard Hayman, noted for his arrangements for Boston Pops conductor Arthur Fiedler, was the guest conductor for the 90-piece orchestra that accompanied the musical glasses which included songs such as "Lara's Theme" from the movie Dr. Zhivago, "Lover" and "Amor".

There are several current musicians who professionally play the glass harp. Among them are the Glass Duo from Poland, Philipp Marguerre and Clemens Hofinger in Germany, France's Jean Chatillion and Thomas Bloch, Brien Engel, and Dennis James in the United States and Canada's Real Berthiaume.

Glasses have been also used by rock band Pink Floyd during the recording of "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" on their Wish You Were Here album, recorded and released in 1975. Igor Sklyarov played the glass harp on the same song during two 2006 concerts recorded in Venice, Italy by former guitarist David Gilmour.[10] Gilmour also used the effect during his August 26, 2006, concert in Gdańsk, Poland, with the help of Guy Pratt, Phil Manzanera and Dick Parry.[11] Both recordings are available on Gilmour's Live in Gdańsk CD, although the Venice recording is only available on the five-disc version of the album or as an internet download with the three- and four-disc versions.

A colorful set of water tuned glasses is depicted as being played with a pair of metal sticks in several key scenes of the 2009 Korean TV drama Queen Seon Deok, showing the series' main anti-heroine Mishil (Go Hyun-jung), playing her own haunting theme melody Yurijan (Glasses) on that instrument.[12]

A Toast To Christmas with the Singing Glasses is an album recorded and released in 1980, composed and performed by Gloria Parker. Fourteen well-known carols are performed with the glass harp producing flute-like sounds on crystal glasses, marking the first commercial album to use glasses as a musical instrument.

Recently, there have been new advancements in the popular use of the glass harp. British musician and composer Jacob Collier developed a similar instrument for his own productions[13] in 2016.

Discover more about Contemporary uses related topics

Bruno Hoffmann

Bruno Hoffmann

Bruno Hoffmann was a German glass harpist. Hoffmann is widely acknowledged as the virtuoso who reanimated contemporary interest in the glass harp and glass harmonica.

Geoffrey Gilbert

Geoffrey Gilbert

Geoffrey Winzer Gilbert was an English flautist, who was a leading influence on British flute-playing, introducing a more flexible style, based on French techniques, with metal instruments replacing the traditional wood. He was a prominent member of five British symphony orchestras between 1930 and 1961, and in 1948 he founded a chamber ensemble of leading wind players.

Frederick Riddle

Frederick Riddle

Frederick Craig Riddle OBE was a British violist. He was considered to be in the line from Lionel Tertis and William Primrose, through to the violists of today such as Lawrence Power.

Gloria Parker

Gloria Parker

Gloria Parker was an American musician and bandleader who had a radio show during the big band era. The Gloria Parker Show was broadcast nightly from 1950 to 1957, coast to coast on WABC. She played the marimba, organ, and singing glasses. Dubbed Princess of the Marimba, she conducted the 21-piece Swingphony from the Kelly Lyceum Ballroom in Buffalo, New York. This was the largest big band led by a female bandleader. Edgar Battle and Walter Thomas were arrangers for the Swingphony.

Hartford Symphony Orchestra

Hartford Symphony Orchestra

The Hartford Symphony Orchestra (HSO) is an American orchestra based in Hartford, Connecticut.

Jai alai

Jai alai

Jai alai is a sport involving bouncing a ball off a walled-in space by accelerating it to high speeds with a hand-held wicker cesta. It is a variation of Basque pelota. The term jai alai, coined by Serafin Baroja in 1875, is also often loosely applied to the fronton where matches take place. The game, whose name means "merry festival" in Basque, is called cesta-punta in the Basque Country. The sport is played worldwide, but especially in Spain, France, and in various Latin American countries.

Richard Hayman

Richard Hayman

Richard Warren Joseph Hayman was an American musician who was the chief music arranger of the Boston Pops Orchestra for over 50 years, and served as a pops conductor for orchestras including the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony and the Grand Rapids Symphony in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Arthur Fiedler

Arthur Fiedler

Arthur Fiedler was an American conductor known for his association with both the Boston Symphony and Boston Pops orchestras. With a combination of musicianship and showmanship, he made the Boston Pops one of the best-known orchestras in the United States. Fiedler was sometimes criticized for over-popularizing music, particularly when adapting popular songs or editing portions of the classical repertoire, but he kept performances informal and sometimes self-mocking to attract a bigger audience.

Lara's Theme

Lara's Theme

"Lara's Theme" is the name given to a leitmotif written for the film Doctor Zhivago (1965) by composer Maurice Jarre. Soon afterward, the leitmotif became the basis of the song "Somewhere, My Love". Numerous versions, both orchestral and vocal, have been recorded, among the most popular was the version by Ray Conniff Singers.

Glass Duo

Glass Duo

Glass Duo was founded by Anna and Arkadiusz Szafraniec. They are the only glass harp music group in Poland, one of few professional ensembles worldwide.

Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd are an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows. They became a leading band of the progressive rock genre, cited by some as the greatest progressive rock band of all time.

Italy

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern and Western Europe. Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, it consists of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands; its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of 301,230 km2 (116,310 sq mi), with a population of about 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome.

Glass Base (Foot) Vibration

Gin and Tonic large glass with a long and thin stem, that may be used to produce a rim sound and a base sound, if properly rubbed.
Gin and Tonic large glass with a long and thin stem, that may be used to produce a rim sound and a base sound, if properly rubbed.

Not only the rim of a wine glass may be rubbed to produce sounds, but also its base (foot), provided the stem is sufficiently long. This can be easily demonstrated by taking a glass for gin and tonic, for instance, with a large bowl and a rather long stem.

Source: "Glass harp", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_harp.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

References
  1. ^ a b c d e Apel, Willi (1969). Harvard Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-37501-7.
  2. ^ Produced by Chris Brookes; Music performed by Robert Tiso on the glass harp (2013-08-03). "The Last Lonely Irish Idiophone". Documentary on One. Dublin. RTÉ. RTÉ Radio 1. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  3. ^ Sibyl Marcuse, "Angelic Organ", Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary, corrected edition, Norton Library N758 (New York: W. W.Norton, 1975).
  4. ^ Sibyl Marcuse, "Musical Glasses", Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary, corrected edition, Norton Library N758 (New York: W. W.Norton, 1975).
  5. ^ La Rocca, Lynda (February 5, 2011). "Musical glasses produce grand sound". The Pueblo Chieftain. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  6. ^ P1205; W. A. Mozart; Hermann Abert, Stewart Spencer (translator), Cliff Eisen; Yale University Press, 2007; ISBN 0-300-07223-6
  7. ^ Kling, Henri; Saenger, Gustav (1905). Prof. H. Kling's Modern Orchestration and Instrumentation: Or, The Art of Instrumentation; Containing Detailed Descriptions of the Character and Peculiarities of All Instruments and Their Practical Employment ... C. Fischer.
  8. ^ Buell, Earle R. "Business Men of Two Cities Back WLAG." Radio in the Home, August 1924, 23 (a photo of the pair with their glasses appears).
  9. ^ King, A. Hyatt (1945–46). "The Musical Glasses and Glass Harmonica". 72nd Session. Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. 72: 97–122. Citation on 119. doi:10.1093/jrma/72.1.97.
  10. ^ "Igor Sklyarov takes part in David Gilmour's Venetian concerts". Crystaltrio.com.
  11. ^ "Shine On You Crazy Diamond Part I (Live in Gdansk - David Gilmour)" – via YouTube.
  12. ^ "Episode #2 (Birth of the future queen Seondeok), Scene #6". Queen Seon Deok. Event occurs at 1:04 to 4:37 – via YouTube.
  13. ^ Lewis, John (7 July 2016). "Jazz Prodigy Jacob Collier: 'Quincy Jones Told Me Jazz Is the Classical Music of Pop'". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
Further reading
External links

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.