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Donetsk Republic (movement)

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Social Movement
"Donetsk Republic"
Общественное движение
«Донецкая республика»
AbbreviationODDR
ChairmanDenis Pushilin
FoundersAlexander Tsurkan
Andrei Purgin
Oleg Frolov
Founded9 December 2005 (2005-12-09)
Banned12 November 2007 (2007-11-12) (in Ukraine)
Preceded byInternational Movement of Donbass
HeadquartersUniversitetskaya 19, Donetsk, Ukraine (non-government controlled)
Youth wingYoung Republic,
Zakharovtsy
Paramilitary wingDonbas People's Militia
Membership (2022)247,720 (claimed)[1]
IdeologyRussian nationalism[2]
Donbas separatism[3]
Social conservatism[2]
Anti-Ukrainization[4]
Political positionBig tent
ColoursDNR Flag colours:
  Black
  Blue
  Red
Seats in the People's Council
74 / 100
Party flag
Flag of the Donetsk Republic (Organisation).svg
Website
oddr.info
For other uses, see Donetsk Republic.

The Social Movement "Donetsk Republic" (Russian: Общественное движение «Донецкая республика», romanized: Obshchestvennoye dvizheniye «Donetskaya respublika»; ODDR) is a pro-Russian separatist political movement operating in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. Before its annexation, the movement's goal was the creation of a "federation of sovereign Donetsk", which would include seven regions of eastern and southern Ukraine.[5][6] The group was banned in 2007, but this ban was marginal until the 2014 Donbas war. In 2014, it founded the Donetsk People's Republic, which Ukraine's government deems a terrorist organization.[7] The movement won the 2014 Donbas general elections with 68.53% of the vote and 68 seats,[8] which were condemned as illegitimate and a violation of the Minsk ceasefire agreements between Ukraine, Russia, and the OSCE.[8]

Discover more about Donetsk Republic (movement) related topics

Russian language

Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the de facto language of the former Soviet Union, and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states.

Romanization of Russian

Romanization of Russian

The romanization of the Russian language, aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout (JCUKEN). In the latter case, they would type using a system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout, such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic.

Donetsk

Donetsk

Donetsk, formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka, Stalin and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast. The population was estimated at 901,645 in the city core, with over 2 million in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.

Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi). Prior to the ongoing Russian invasion, it was the eighth-most populous country in Europe, with a population of around 41 million people. On 1 January 2023, the United Nations estimated the Ukrainian population to be 34.1 million, with record low birth rates. It is also bordered by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. Ukraine's state language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts

Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts

On 30 September 2022, Russia, amid an ongoing invasion of Ukraine, unilaterally declared its annexation of areas in and around four Ukrainian oblasts – Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson. The boundaries of the areas to be annexed and their borders were not defined; Russian officials stated that they would be defined later. None of the oblasts were fully under Russian control at the time of the declaration. If limited to the areas then under Russian control the annexation would still be the largest in Europe since World War II.

War in Donbas (2014–2022)

War in Donbas (2014–2022)

The war in Donbas, or Donbas war, was an armed conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine, part of the broader Russo-Ukrainian War.

Donetsk People's Republic

Donetsk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

2014 Donbas general elections

2014 Donbas general elections

The 2014 Donbas general elections were held on 2 November 2014 by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, which were at that time both members of the now defunct Novorossiya confederation.

Minsk agreements

Minsk agreements

The Minsk agreements were a series of international agreements which sought to end the Donbas war fought between armed Russian separatist groups and Armed Forces of Ukraine, with Russian regular forces playing a central part. The first, known as the Minsk Protocol, was drafted in 2014 by the Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine, consisting of Ukraine, Russia, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), with mediation by the leaders of France and Germany in the so-called Normandy Format. After extensive talks in Minsk, Belarus, the agreement was signed on 5 September 2014 by representatives of the Trilateral Contact Group and, without recognition of their status, by the then-leaders of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) and Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). This agreement followed multiple previous attempts to stop the fighting in the region and aimed to implement an immediate ceasefire.

History

Before the Russo-Ukrainian War

The organization was established on 6 December 2005 as a city organization by Andrei Purguin, Alexander Tsurkan, and Oleh Frolov and on 9 December 2005 with support of Hennadiy Prytkov as a regional organization. The main goal of the organization was to grant the eastern regions of Ukraine a special status.[9] It claimed to fight the "orange plague" of President Viktor Yushchenko.[9] Their goal was to create a Federal Republic of Donetsk in Southeast Ukraine.[10] According to a map they published in 2006, this Federal Republic of Donetsk would comprise the Ukrainian Oblasts Kharkiv Oblast, Luhansk Oblast, Donetsk Oblast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Zaporizhia Oblast and Kherson Oblast.[10]

Prior to the spring of 2014, the organization drew little support and remained on the margins of local politics. [11] Its pre-2014 rallies were averagely attended by about 30–50 people.[9] From 17 to 22 November 2006, its activists were conducting protests in Donetsk and were gathering signatures on creation of the Donetsk Republic.[12] Their activities were not supported by the prime minister, Viktor Yanukovych.[13] At the beginning of 2007, representatives of the organization conducted number of activities in various cities of eastern Ukraine propagating the idea of separatism and federalization of the country.[14]

Russo-Ukrainian War

In 2014, the organization founded the Donetsk People's Republic, which Ukraine's government deems a terrorist organization.[7]

The group's leader, Andrei Purgin, was arrested by the Security Service of Ukraine during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest.[5][6]

Th movement won the 2014 Donbas general elections with 68.53% of the vote and 68 seats.[8] The Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic participates in the Donetsk Republic's parliamentary group.[15] In the election campaign prior to these elections only the candidate of Donetsk Republic, Alexander Zakharchenko, used billboards.[16] This resulted to the only visible campaign advertising in Donetsk being in support of Zakharchenko.[17]

In the days and weeks prior until the postponement of the DNR October 2015 local elections (to 21 February 2016[18]) 90% of the (campaign) advertising was done by Donetsk Republic.[19]

Discover more about History related topics

Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast

Kharkiv Oblast, also referred to as Kharkivshchyna, is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

Luhansk Oblast

Luhansk Oblast

Luhansk Oblast, also referred to as Luhanshchyna (Луга́нщина), is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine. The oblast's administrative center is Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the name Voroshilovgrad Oblast in honor of Kliment Voroshilov. Its population is estimated as 2,102,921

Donetsk Oblast

Donetsk Oblast

Donetsk Oblast, also referred to as Donechchyna (Донеччина), is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. It is Ukraine's most populous province, with around 4.1 million residents. Its administrative centre is Donetsk, though due to the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, the regional administration was moved to Kramatorsk. Historically, the region has been an important part of the Donbas region. From its creation in 1938 until November 1961, it bore the name Stalino Oblast as Donetsk was then named "Stalino", in honour of Joseph Stalin. As part of the de-Stalinization process, it was renamed after the Siversky Donets river, the main artery of Eastern Ukraine. Its population is estimated as 4,100,280

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast

Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, also referred to as Dnipropetrovshchyna, is an oblast (province) of southeastern Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast has a population of about 3,096,485, approximately 80% of whom live centering on administrative centers: Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih, Kamianske, Nikopol and Pavlohrad. The Dnieper River runs through the oblast.

Kherson Oblast

Kherson Oblast

Kherson Oblast, also known as Khersonshchyna, is an oblast (province) in southern Ukraine. It is located just north of Crimea. Its administrative center is Kherson, on the west bank of the Dnieper which bisects the oblast. The area of the region is 28,461 km2 and the population 1,001,598. It is considered the 'fruit basket' of the country, as much of its agricultural production is dispersed throughout the country, with production peaking during the summer months.

Eastern Ukraine

Eastern Ukraine

Eastern Ukraine or east Ukraine is primarily the territory of Ukraine east of the Dnipro river, particularly Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (provinces). Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are often also regarded as "eastern Ukraine". In regard to traditional territories, the area encompasses portions of the southern Sloboda Ukraine, Donbas, the eastern Azov Littoral (Pryazovia).

Donetsk People's Republic

Donetsk People's Republic

The Donetsk People's Republic is an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast, with its capital in Donetsk. The DPR was created by militarily-armed Russian-backed separatists in 2014, and it initially operated as a breakaway state until it was annexed by Russia in 2022.

2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

From the end of February 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in major cities across the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity, which resulted in the success of Euromaidan in ousting then-President Viktor Yanukovych. The unrest, supported by Russia in the early stages of the Russo-Ukrainian War, has been referred to in Russia as the "Russian Spring".

2014 Donbas general elections

2014 Donbas general elections

The 2014 Donbas general elections were held on 2 November 2014 by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics, which were at that time both members of the now defunct Novorossiya confederation.

Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic

Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic

The Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic is a communist party in the disputed Donetsk People's Republic, a federal subject of Russia that is de jure part of Ukraine, led by Boris Litvinov, formerly the chairman of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic. It was a faction of the Donetsk Republic organization from 2014 to 2016. Since 2022, it has been a republican branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

Alexander Zakharchenko

Alexander Zakharchenko

Alexander Vladimirovich Zakharchenko was a Ukrainian separatist leader who was the head of state and Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic, a self-proclaimed state and rebel group which declared independence from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. Zakharchenko was appointed Prime Minister in August 2014 after his predecessor Alexander Borodai resigned, and went on to win the early November 2014 election for the position.

Donetsk

Donetsk

Donetsk, formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka, Stalin and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast. The population was estimated at 901,645 in the city core, with over 2 million in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine.

Electoral results

Head

Election Candidate First round Second round Result
Votes % Votes %
2014 Alexander Zakharchenko 775,340
78.93%
 Elected Green tickY
2018 Denis Pushilin
60.86%
 Elected Green tickY

People's Council

Election Party leader Performance Rank Government
Votes % ± pp Seats +/–
2014 Andrei Purgin 662,752 68.35% New
68 / 100
 New 1st Supermajority
2018 Denis Pushilin 72.38% Increase 4.03
74 / 100
 Increase 6 Steady 1st Supermajority

Discover more about Electoral results related topics

Head of the Donetsk People's Republic

Head of the Donetsk People's Republic

The Head of the Donetsk People´s Republic is the highest office of the Donetsk People's Republic, an unrecognised republic of Russia in the occupied parts of eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast.

Alexander Zakharchenko

Alexander Zakharchenko

Alexander Vladimirovich Zakharchenko was a Ukrainian separatist leader who was the head of state and Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic, a self-proclaimed state and rebel group which declared independence from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. Zakharchenko was appointed Prime Minister in August 2014 after his predecessor Alexander Borodai resigned, and went on to win the early November 2014 election for the position.

2018 Donbas general elections

2018 Donbas general elections

General elections were held on 11 November 2018 by the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics. As a result of a war that started in April 2014, these internationally unrecognised entities control parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts in eastern Ukraine, which are together called the Donbas region. They previously held elections in 2014. Voters were asked to elect the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic and Head of the Luhansk People's Republic as well as the deputies for two parliaments: the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic with 100 seats, and the People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic with 50 seats.

Denis Pushilin

Denis Pushilin

Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin is a politician from the Donbas region, who is serving as the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) since 2018. He holds the position in acting capacity ever since the Russian annexation of the DPR in 2022.

People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic

People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic

The People's Council, formerly the Supreme Council, is the regional parliament of the Donetsk People's Republic, a disputed entity annexed as a federal subject by Russia from Ukraine in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Andrei Purgin

Andrei Purgin

Andrei Yevgenyevich Purgin is a Ukrainian activist, cofounder of the Donetsk Republic organization along with Aleksandr Tsurkan and Oleg Frolov. Until 4 September 2015 he was the Chairman of the People's Council of the (disputed) Donetsk People's Republic.

Source: "Donetsk Republic (movement)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 17th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(movement).

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Further Reading

2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

Donetsk People's Republic

Russian people's militias in Ukraine

Denis Pushilin

Ekaterina Gubareva

2014 Donbas status referendums

War in Donbas (2014–2022)

Luhansk People's Republic

Novorossiya (confederation)

Alexander Zakharchenko

Minsk agreements

People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic

Head of the Donetsk People's Republic

Andrei Purgin

Eduard Basurin

Donbas Post

Free Donbas

Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War
References
  1. ^ "НАС: 247720". oddr.info.
  2. ^ a b http://oddr.info/o-nas/ О нас
  3. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Donetsk People's Republic". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  4. ^ https://studopedia.ru/24_63060_tablitsa-politicheskie-partii-i-obshchestvennie-dvizheniya-v-dnr.html Таблица. Политические партии и общественные движения в ДНР.
  5. ^ a b SBU detained the leader of Donetsk Republic. Espreso. 19 March 2014
  6. ^ a b Court banned the organization Donetsk Republic Archived 30 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Ura-Inform. 12 November 2007
  7. ^ a b "Ukraine's prosecutor general classifies self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk republics as terrorist organizations". Kyiv Post. 16 May 2014.
  8. ^ a b c "Донецькі бойовики за ніч порахували голоси: "переміг" Захарченко".
  9. ^ a b c (in Russian) Small bio of Andrei Purgin on Politrada
  10. ^ a b (in Russian) What's "New Russia" and how to be, Ukrayinska Pravda (15 August 2014)
  11. ^ Gerard Toal (2017). Near Abroad: Putin, the West and the Contest Over Ukraine and the Caucasus. Oxford University Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-19025-330-1.
  12. ^ Signature collection for the independent Donetsk Republic. Russia-3.
  13. ^ UNIAN: Yanukovych against the Donetsk Republic. Donetsk Republic. 23 November 2006
  14. ^ Donetsk Republic presented Ukraine as united but divided Archived 30 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Ura-Inform. 10 January 2007
  15. ^ Список депутатов Народного Совета ДНР созыва 2014 года [List of deputies of the People's Council of the People's Democratic Republic of 2014] (in Russian). 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 18 November 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  16. ^ "Donetsk People's Republic campaign reveals shambolic tendencies". Financial Times. 23 October 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  17. ^ "Rebel-Backed Elections to Cement Status Quo in Ukraine". The New York Times. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
  18. ^ Pro-Russian rebels in Ukraine postpone disputed elections, Reuters (6 October 2015)
    Ukraine rebels to delay elections, The Washington Post (6 October 2015)
  19. ^ (in Ukrainian) Donbas postpones elections, Gazeta.ru (5 October 2015)
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