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Delaware Memorial Bridge

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Delaware Memorial Bridge
Del Mem Br.jpg
Coordinates39°41′21″N 75°31′08″W / 39.68927°N 75.51897°W / 39.68927; -75.51897Coordinates: 39°41′21″N 75°31′08″W / 39.68927°N 75.51897°W / 39.68927; -75.51897
Carries8 lanes of I-295 / US 40
CrossesDelaware River
LocaleNew Castle, Delaware and Pennsville Township, New Jersey
Maintained byDelaware River and Bay Authority
ID number1737
Websitewww.drba.net/DelawareMemorialBridge.aspx
Characteristics
Designsteel suspension bridge
Total length10,765 feet (3,281 m) (eastbound)
10,796 feet (3,291 m) (westbound)
Width59.1 feet (18 m) (eastbound)
58.7 feet (18 m) (westbound)
Longest span2,150 feet (655 m)
Clearance above17.9 feet (5 m)
Clearance below174 feet (53 m)
History
OpenedAugust 15, 1951; 71 years ago (1951-08-15) (now eastbound)
September 12, 1968; 54 years ago (1968-09-12) (westbound)
Statistics
Daily traffic80,000
TollCars $5.00 cash, $4.75 E-ZPass, tractor-trailers $28.00 (westbound)
Location
Not to be confused with Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge.
Delaware Memorial Bridge aerial, 2012. Wilmington, Delaware is at top right of photo.
Delaware Memorial Bridge aerial, 2012. Wilmington, Delaware is at top right of photo.
Delaware Memorial Bridge, approaching eastbound from the Delaware side, 2005.
Delaware Memorial Bridge, approaching eastbound from the Delaware side, 2005.

The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a dual-span suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River. The toll bridges carry Interstate 295 and U.S. Route 40 and is also the link between Delaware and New Jersey. The bridge was designed by the firm known today as HNTB with consulting help from engineer Othmar Ammann, whose other designs include the Walt Whitman Bridge (which is similar in appearance to each of the Delaware Memorial Bridge spans, except for being a single span with more lanes) and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. It is also one of only two crossings of the Delaware River with both U.S. Highway and Interstate Highway designations, the other being the Benjamin Franklin Bridge.

The bridges provide a regional connection for long-distance travelers.[1] While not a part of Interstate 95, they connect two parts of the highway: the Delaware Turnpike (Interstate 95 in Delaware) on the south side with the New Jersey Turnpike (later Interstate 95 in New Jersey) on the north side. They also connect Interstate 495, U.S. Route 13, and Route 9 in New Castle, Delaware with U.S. Route 130 in Pennsville Township, New Jersey (at the settlement of Deepwater, New Jersey).

The bridges are dedicated to those from both New Jersey and Delaware who died in World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War. On the Delaware side of the bridge is a War Memorial, visible from the northbound-side lanes. The toll facility is operated by the Delaware River and Bay Authority.

The Delaware Memorial Bridge is the southernmost and the largest fixed vehicular crossing of the Delaware River. It is also the only fixed vehicular crossing between Delaware and New Jersey. However, at Fort Mott, New Jersey, there is a small amount of land on the New Jersey side of the river that is part of the State of Delaware, and thus there are pedestrian crossings in between those states, but not spanning the river. The Cape May–Lewes Ferry provides an alternate route between travelers from New Jersey and the Northeastern states to southern Delaware.

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Delaware River

Delaware River

The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock, New York, the river flows for 282 miles (454 km) along the borders of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware, before emptying into Delaware Bay. It is the longest free-flowing river in the Eastern United States.

Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)

Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)

Interstate 295 (I-295) in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania is an auxiliary Interstate Highway, designated as a bypass around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a partial beltway of Trenton, New Jersey.

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Delaware Bay, in turn named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor.

HNTB

HNTB

HNTB Corporation is an American infrastructure design firm. Founded in 1914 in Kansas City, Missouri, HNTB began with the partnership made by Ernest Emmanuel Howard with the firm Waddell & Harrington, founded in 1907.

Benjamin Franklin Bridge

Benjamin Franklin Bridge

The Benjamin Franklin Bridge, originally named the Delaware River Bridge and known locally as the Ben Franklin Bridge, is a suspension bridge across the Delaware River connecting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey. Owned and operated by the Delaware River Port Authority, it is one of four primary vehicular bridges between Philadelphia and southern New Jersey, along with the Betsy Ross, Walt Whitman, and Tacony-Palmyra bridges. It carries Interstate 676/U.S. Route 30, pedestrians/cyclists, and the PATCO Speedline.

Interstate 95

Interstate 95

Interstate 95 (I-95) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the East Coast of the United States, running from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Miami, Florida, north to the Houlton–Woodstock Border Crossing between Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The highway largely parallels the Atlantic coast and US 1, except for the portion between Savannah, Georgia, and Washington, D.C., and the portion between Portland and Houlton in Maine, both of which follow a more direct inland route.

Interstate 495 (Delaware)

Interstate 495 (Delaware)

Interstate 495 (I-495) is an 11.47-mile-long (18.46 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in the US state of Delaware. The highway, named the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Highway, serves as a six-lane bypass of I-95 around the city of Wilmington. I-495 begins at an interchange with I-95 and I-295 near Newport to the southwest of Wilmington. From here, the road heads east to the Port of Wilmington, where it turns northeast and crosses the Christina River as it heads to the east of downtown Wilmington. Upon reaching Edgemoor, I-495 runs between the Delaware River to the east and U.S. Route 13 (US 13) to the west, continuing to Claymont. In Claymont, I-495 turns north and merges into northbound I-95 at an interchange with Delaware Route 92 (DE 92) just south of the Pennsylvania state line.

Delaware Route 9

Delaware Route 9

Delaware Route 9 (DE 9) is a 57.83-mile (93.07 km) state highway that runs from DE 1 near Dover Air Force Base in Kent County north to DE 2 in the city of Wilmington in New Castle County. DE 9 is a designated scenic highway known as the Delaware Bayshore Byway south of New Castle, running through mostly rural areas to the west of the Delaware Bay and the Delaware River as a two-lane undivided road. Between New Castle and Wilmington, DE 9 is a four-lane road that runs through urban and suburban areas. DE 9 passes through several cities and towns including Little Creek, Leipsic, Port Penn, Delaware City, and New Castle. DE 9 has an auxiliary route, DE 9A, that provides access to the Port of Wilmington. In addition, it has a truck route, DE 9 Truck, located to the south of New Castle.

Deepwater, New Jersey

Deepwater, New Jersey

Deepwater is an unincorporated community located within Pennsville Township, in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The community is located at the east end of the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Deepwater is the location of the United States Postal Service area covering ZIP code 08023. At the 2000 census, the ZCTA had a population of 345.

Delaware River and Bay Authority

Delaware River and Bay Authority

The Delaware River and Bay Authority (DRBA) is a bi-state government agency of the U.S. states of New Jersey and Delaware established by an interstate compact in 1962.

Fort Mott (New Jersey)

Fort Mott (New Jersey)

Fort Mott, located in Pennsville, Salem County, New Jersey, United States, was part of the Harbor Defenses of the Delaware, a three-fort defense system designed for the Delaware River during the postbellum and Endicott program modernization periods following the American Civil War and in the 1890s. The other two forts in the system were Fort Delaware on Pea Patch Island and Fort DuPont in Delaware City, Delaware.

Cape May–Lewes Ferry

Cape May–Lewes Ferry

The Cape May–Lewes Ferry is a ferry system in the United States that traverses a 17-mile (27 km) crossing of the Delaware Bay connecting North Cape May, New Jersey with Lewes, Delaware. The ferry constitutes a portion of U.S. Route 9 and is the final crossing of the Delaware River-Delaware Bay waterway before it meets the Atlantic Ocean.

History

The first span

Following the opening of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia, residents of Delaware and New Jersey began to advocate a crossing of the river in the area of Wilmington, Delaware. As commercial pressures mounted, a ferry service began, as an interim measure, to run in 1926, near the bridge's current location. Advocates of a bridge crossing between Delaware and New Jersey faced strong opposition from the Philadelphia Port Authorities, which claimed that the bridge would be a menace to navigation. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard were also concerned that the bridge would be vulnerable to an enemy attack. If the bridge were to collapse into the river, it could render the Philadelphia Navy Yard unusable.

As traffic by cars and truck increased rapidly, the benefits of a bridge in this area became evident, and its construction was authorized by the highway departments of Delaware and New Jersey in 1945. Originally, a two-lane highway tunnel was considered, but the costs for a four-lane bridge was found to be equivalent in price, therefore being the reason a four-lane bridge was chosen. Congress approved the bridge project on July 13, 1946, and its construction began on February 1, 1949.

The project cost $44 million, and it took two years to complete the 175 feet (53 m) high span with towers reaching 440 feet (134 m) above water level. The first span opened to traffic on August 16, 1951, and at the time was the sixth-longest main suspension span in the world.[2] The Governor of Delaware, Elbert N. Carvel, and the Governor of New Jersey, Alfred E. Driscoll, dedicated the bridge to each state's war dead from World War II.

The bridge quickly proved a popular travel route when the New Jersey Turnpike connection was completed at its north end. By 1955, nearly eight million vehicles were crossing the bridge each year, nearly twice the original projection. By 1960, the bridge was carrying more than 15 million cars and trucks per year, and this increased even more when the bridge was linked to the new Delaware Turnpike, Interstate 95, in November 1963.

The second span

Construction of the second span began in mid-1964, 250 feet (76 m) north of the original span. At a cost of $77 million, the second span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge opened on September 12, 1968, and was dedicated to those soldiers from Delaware and New Jersey killed in the Korean War and Vietnam War. The original span was closed down for fifteen months for refurbishment: its suspenders were replaced and its deck and median barrier were removed and replaced with a single deck to allow four undivided lanes of traffic. Finally, on December 29, 1969, all eight lanes of the Delaware Memorial Bridge Twin Span opened to traffic, making it the world's second longest twin suspension bridge.[3]

While they are similar in basic appearance, major differences can be seen between the original and second spans. The original span was constructed of riveted steel plates, and it has an open-grate shoulder access walk. In contrast, the second span was constructed mostly of welded steel plates (with heavy riveted joints in crucial areas) and it has concrete access walks.[4]

The original suspension span carries northbound traffic for Interstate 295, whereas the newer span carries the southbound traffic. Crossover lanes on each side of the bridge can allow for two-way traffic on one span if the other has to be closed for an extensive period of time.

1969–present

The bridge had a close call with disaster when on July 9, 1969, the oil tanker Regent Liverpool struck the fender system protecting the tower piers. The bridge itself was spared damage, but the fender suffered about $1.0 million in damage.

The Delaware River and Bay Authority (DRBA) began a $13 million project in 2003 to resurface the bridge, refurbish the expansion joints, upgrade the electrical system, and replace the elevators in the four towers. This work was completed in 2008.

In 2022 the DRBA began a project to apply ultra-high performance concrete to the driving surface of the eastbound span.[5]

As of 2018, more than 80,000 vehicles cross the twin spans on their combined total of eight lanes daily.[6]

On clear days, the skyline of Philadelphia is visible in the distance on the left going to New Jersey and on the right leaving New Jersey. Wilmington, Delaware, only a few miles away from the bridge, is also visible. Other landmarks that can be seen from the bridge includes the cooling tower for PSEG's Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station near Salem, New Jersey, the Delaware City Refinery in Delaware City, Delaware, the Reedy Point Bridge, also in Delaware City, both the St. Georges Bridge and the Senator William V. Roth Jr. Bridge in St. Georges, Delaware, and the Commodore Barry Bridge in Chester, Pennsylvania.

The largest single day of traffic had 79,488 private and commercial vehicles cross the bridge one-way on November 29, 2009. The largest single weekend for traffic totals had 211,685 vehicles cross the bridge one-way, August 16–18, 2019.[6]

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Benjamin Franklin Bridge

Benjamin Franklin Bridge

The Benjamin Franklin Bridge, originally named the Delaware River Bridge and known locally as the Ben Franklin Bridge, is a suspension bridge across the Delaware River connecting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden, New Jersey. Owned and operated by the Delaware River Port Authority, it is one of four primary vehicular bridges between Philadelphia and southern New Jersey, along with the Betsy Ross, Walt Whitman, and Tacony-Palmyra bridges. It carries Interstate 676/U.S. Route 30, pedestrians/cyclists, and the PATCO Speedline.

Philadelphia

Philadelphia

Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. It is one of the most historically significant cities in the United States and served as the nation's capital until 1800. Philadelphia is the nation's sixth-largest city with a population of 1,603,797 as of the 2020 census. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of the world's largest metropolitan regions with 6.245 million residents. Philadelphia is known for its extensive contributions to American history, especially the American Revolution, and for its contemporary influence in business and industry, culture, sports, and music.

Bridge

Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.

Highway

Highway

A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access highway, or a translation for autobahn, autoroute, etc.

Elbert N. Carvel

Elbert N. Carvel

Elbert Nostrand "Bert" Carvel was an American businessman and politician from Laurel, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware and two non-consecutive terms as the Governor of Delaware.

Governor of New Jersey

Governor of New Jersey

The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor’s office is located inside of the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey notable as the executive’s office is located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable for being one of the few states in which the governor’s official residence is not located in the state capital.

Alfred E. Driscoll

Alfred E. Driscoll

Alfred Eastlack Driscoll was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey Senate (1939–1941) representing Camden County, who served as the 43rd governor of New Jersey, and as president of Warner-Lambert.

New Jersey Turnpike

New Jersey Turnpike

The New Jersey Turnpike (NJTP) is a system of controlled-access highways in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The turnpike is maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA). The 117.20-mile (188.62 km) mainline's southern terminus is at a complex interchange with Interstate 295 (I-295), U.S. Route 40 (US 40), US 130, and Route 49 near the border of Pennsville and Carneys Point townships in Salem County, one mile (1.6 km) east of the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Its original northern terminus was at an interchange with I-80 and US 46 in Ridgefield Park in Bergen County; the turnpike was later extended to the George Washington Bridge and New York City. Construction of the mainline from concept to completion took 22 months, from 1950 to 1951. It was opened to traffic on November 5, 1951, between its southern terminus and exit 10.

Interstate 95 in Delaware

Interstate 95 in Delaware

Interstate 95 (I-95) is an Interstate Highway running along the East Coast of the United States from Miami, Florida, north to the Canadian border in Houlton, Maine. In the state of Delaware, the route runs for 23.43 miles (37.71 km) across the Wilmington area in northern New Castle County from the Maryland state line near Newark northeast to the Pennsylvania state line in Claymont. I-95 is the only primary Interstate Highway that enters Delaware, although it also has two auxiliary routes within the state. Between the Maryland state line and Newport, I-95 follows the Delaware Turnpike, a toll road with a mainline toll plaza near the state line. Near Newport, the Interstate has a large interchange with Delaware Route 141 (DE 141) and the southern termini of I-295 and I-495. I-95 heads north through Wilmington concurrent with U.S. Route 202 (US 202) on the Wilmington Expressway. Past Wilmington, I-95 continues northeast to Claymont, where I-495 rejoins the route right before the Pennsylvania state line.

Korean War

Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.

Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)

Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)

Interstate 295 (I-295) in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania is an auxiliary Interstate Highway, designated as a bypass around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a partial beltway of Trenton, New Jersey.

Expansion joint

Expansion joint

An expansion joint, or movement joint, is an assembly designed to hold parts together while safely absorbing temperature-induced expansion and contraction of building materials. They are commonly found between sections of buildings, bridges, sidewalks, railway tracks, piping systems, ships, and other structures.

Toll

Delaware Memorial Bridge toll plaza
Delaware Memorial Bridge toll plaza

One-way tolls for traffic entering Delaware (westbound) were instituted in 1992.[7] As of May 1, 2019, the toll is $5.00 for passenger vehicles using cash and $4.75 using a Delaware or New Jersey issued E-ZPass.[7] Frequent Traveler discounts are available. About $270,000 in tolls are collected daily.[8] The DRBA has originally proposed to raise the toll from $4.00 to $5.00 on March 1, 2019,[9] however New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy vetoed this plan on January 3, 2019.[10] In February, the DRBA and the governors of Delaware and New Jersey reached an agreement which postponed the toll hike to May 1, as well as providing a 25 cent E-ZPass discount for passenger vehicles. The frequent traveler rate increased from $1.25 to $1.75.[11]

Prior to the introduction of E-ZPass, both tokens and frequent traveler tickets were used, with special, discounted ticket books for local residents. They were phased out upon the introduction of the new system, and the tokens are no longer valid.

War Memorial

Since opening of the first bridge in 1951, annual ceremonies are held at the bridge's War Memorial on Memorial Day and Veterans Day to honor the sacrifices of American war veterans.[12] The memorial is located in Veterans Memorial Park in New Castle, Delaware, and it features a reflecting pool, a statue of a soldier, and a wall containing the names of 15,000 men and women from Delaware and New Jersey who were killed in World War II, the Korean War, the War in Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf War.[13]

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Memorial Day

Memorial Day

Memorial Day is a federal holiday in the United States for mourning the U.S. military personnel who have died while serving in the United States armed forces. It is observed on the last Monday of May. From 1868 to 1970 it was observed on May 30.

New Castle, Delaware

New Castle, Delaware

New Castle is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The city is located six miles (10 km) south of Wilmington and is situated on the Delaware River. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 5,285.

World War II

World War II

World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.

Korean War

Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.

Gallery

  • An atmospheric setting as the Delaware Memorial Bridge is approached from the Delaware side, 2017

    An atmospheric setting as the Delaware Memorial Bridge is approached from the Delaware side, 2017

  • Delaware/New Jersey State Line marked on southbound span of Delaware Memorial Bridge

    Delaware/New Jersey State Line marked on southbound span of Delaware Memorial Bridge

  • Delaware River and Bay Authority headquarters in the bridge toll plaza

    Delaware River and Bay Authority headquarters in the bridge toll plaza

Source: "Delaware Memorial Bridge", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, October 20th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Memorial_Bridge.

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Further Reading

New Jersey Turnpike

Pennsylvania Turnpike

Garden State Parkway

Goethals Bridge

Betsy Ross Bridge

Commodore Barry Bridge

Scudder Falls Bridge

Interstate 295 (Delaware–Pennsylvania)

Bear Mountain Bridge

Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission

Interstate 476

Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge

Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge

Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project

Delaware River–Turnpike Toll Bridge

Interstate 78 Toll Bridge

Benjamin Franklin Bridge

Walt Whitman Bridge
See also
References
  1. ^ "Interstate 95 North Delaware". www.aaroads.com. 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  2. ^ "$44 Million Dollar Bridge Dedicated". Evening Star. August 16, 1951. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  3. ^ "The world's second longest twin suspension bridge". Delaware River and Bay Authority. 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
  4. ^ Delaware Memorial Bridge Archived December 4, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Delaware River and Bay Authority. "DMB Ultra High Performance Concrete Project". Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  6. ^ a b "About the Delaware Memorial Bridge". Delaware River and Bay Authority. Archived from the original on November 24, 2017. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Current Tolls". DRBA. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  8. ^ magicmanzach. "Delaware Memorial Bridge". Retrieved 2011-08-08.
  9. ^ Gallo Jr., Bill (December 18, 2018). "Bridge toll jumps to $5, but there's a way you can cross for just $1.25". NJ.com. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  10. ^ Baker, Karl. "New Jersey governor vetoes $1 toll increase on Delaware Memorial Bridge". Delaware Online. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
  11. ^ Peterson, Josephine (February 14, 2019). "Delaware Memorial Bridge toll raise back on after two-state deal". Delaware Online. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  12. ^ "Services". Delaware Memorial Bridge Veteran's Memorial Park. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  13. ^ "Memorial". Delaware Memorial Bridge Veteran's Memorial Park. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
Further reading
  • Miller, William J. (1983). Crossing the Delaware: The Story of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, the Longest Twin-Suspension Bridge in the World. Middle Atlantic. ISBN 978-0-911293-02-9.
External links
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