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Dala'il al-Khayrat

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A 15th-century copy of Dala'il al-Khayrat from the Chester Beatty Library.
A 15th-century copy of Dala'il al-Khayrat from the Chester Beatty Library.
The opening page from a 17th-century copy of Dala'il al-Khayrat from the Walters Art Museum.
The opening page from a 17th-century copy of Dala'il al-Khayrat from the Walters Art Museum.

Dalāʼil al-khayrāt wa-shawāriq al-anwār fī dhikr al-ṣalāt ʻalá al-Nabī al-mukhtār (Arabic: دلائل الخيرات وشوارق الأنوار في ذكر الصلاة على النبي المختار, lit.'Waymarks of Benefits and the Brilliant Burst of Lights in the Remembrance of Blessings on the Chosen Prophet'), usually shortened to Dala'il al-Khayrat, is a famous collection of prayers for the Islamic prophet Muhammad, which was written by the Moroccan Shadhili scholar Muhammad al-Jazuli (died 1465 AD). It is popular in parts of the Islamic world amongst traditional Muslims—specifically North Africa, the Levant, Turkey, the Caucasus and South Asia—and is divided into sections for daily recitation.

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Literal translation

Literal translation

Literal translation, direct translation or word-for-word translation, is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately, without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence.

Muhammad

Muhammad

Muhammad was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief.

Shadhili

Shadhili

The Shadhili Order is a tariqah or Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by al-Shadhili in the 13th century and is followed by millions of people around the world. Many followers of the Shadhili Order are known as Shadhilis, and a single follower is known as Shadhili.

Muhammad al-Jazuli

Muhammad al-Jazuli

Abū 'Abdullah Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān ibn Abū Bakr al-Jazūli al-Simlālī, often known as Imam al-Jazuli or Sheikh Jazuli, was a Moroccan Sufi Saint. He is best known for compiling the Dala'il al-Khayrat, an extremely popular Muslim prayer book. This book is usually divided into 7 sections for each day of the week. Al-Jazuli is one of the seven saints of Marrakesh and is buried in his mausoleum inside the city.

Muslim world

Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.

North Africa

North Africa

North Africa, or Northern Africa, is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in the west, to Egypt's Suez Canal in the east.

Levant

Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is equivalent to a stretch of land bordering the Mediterranean in southwestern Asia, i.e. the historical region of Syria, which includes present-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and most of Turkey southwest of the middle Euphrates. Its overwhelming characteristic is that it represents the land bridge between Africa and Eurasia. In its widest historical sense, the Levant included all of the Eastern Mediterranean with its islands; that is, it included all of the countries along the Eastern Mediterranean shores, extending from Greece to Cyrenaica in eastern Libya.

Turkey

Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is off the south coast. Most of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city; Istanbul is its largest city and main financial centre.

Caucasus

Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically been considered as a natural barrier between Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

South Asia

South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms. As commonly conceptualised, South Asia consists of the countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, with some neighbouring territories, such as Afghanistan, also sometimes included.

Background

Moroccan hadith scholar Abdullah al-Talidi wrote of the Dala'il al-Khayrat: "Millions of Muslims from East to West tried it and found its good, its blessing, and its benefit for centuries and over generations, and witnessed its unbelievable spiritual blessings and light. Muslims avidly recited it, alone and in groups, in homes and mosques, utterly spending themselves in the Blessings on the Most Beloved and praising him".[1]

The Dala'il al-Khayrat is the first major book in Islamic history which compiled litanies of peace and blessings upon Muhammad. It is also the most popular and most universally acclaimed collection of litanies asking God to bless him. Among some Sunni religious orders, most notably the Shadhili order, its recitation is a daily practice. In others however, its recitation is a purely voluntary daily practice. The work begins with the ninety nine names of God, and then the a collection of over one hundred names of Muhammad.[2]

The legend behind the origin of the Dala'il al-Khayrat claims that al-Jazuli once awoke late for his morning prayers and began to look in vain for pure water to perform ritual ablutions. In the midst of his search al-Jazuli encountered a young girl who was aware of al-Jazuli's famed religiosity and was bewildered on why al-Jazuli could not find pure water. The girl then spat into a well which miraculously overflowed with pure sweet water for al-Jazuli to perform ablutions. Consequent to performing prayer, al-Jazuli inquired to the means by which the girl achieved such a high spiritual station. The girl replied it was simply by "Making constant prayer for God to bless the best of creation by the number of breaths and heartbeats." Al-Jazuli then resolved to write a work collecting litanies of prayers asking God to bless and show mercy and kindness to Muhammad.

Al-Jazuli then moved east to Medina where he would recite the whole of the Dala'il al-Khayrat twice daily at Muhammad's grave in al-Masjid an-Nabawi. The Dala'il Khayrat has since been seen as a testament of love and passionate longing for Muhammad.

Many of exegesis were written on the Dala'il Khayrat - most notably by the scholar Yusuf an-Nabhani in his work Afdal al-Salawat, Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi's Matali‘ Al Masarrat Bi Jalaa’ Dala’il Al Khayrat (مطالع المسرات بجلاء دلائل الخيرات) and Abd al-Majid al-Sharnubi al-Azhari's Sharh Dala'il Khayrat. A classic Ottoman era work by Kara Davud is popular in Turkish, titled Tevfîk-i Muvaffık il-Hayrât li-Neyl'il-berekât fî Hidmet-i Menbâ'üs-sa'adât (Ottoman Turkish: توفیق موفق الحیرات لنیل البركات فی خدمة منباع السعادات),[3] in short known as "Kara Davud".

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Hadith

Hadith

Ḥadīth or Athar refers to what most Muslims and the mainstream schools of Islamic thought, believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as transmitted through chains of narrators. In other words, the ḥadīth are transmitted reports attributed to what Muhammad said and did.

God in Islam

God in Islam

God in Islam is seen as the eternal creator and sustainer of the universe, who will eventually resurrect all humans. In Islam, God is conceived as a perfect, singular, immortal, omnipotent, and omniscient god, completely infinite in all of his attributes. Islam further emphasizes that God is most-merciful.

Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line. This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor.

Shadhili

Shadhili

The Shadhili Order is a tariqah or Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by al-Shadhili in the 13th century and is followed by millions of people around the world. Many followers of the Shadhili Order are known as Shadhilis, and a single follower is known as Shadhili.

Names of God in Islam

Names of God in Islam

Names of God in Islam are names attributed to God in Islam by Muslims. Some names are known from either the Quran or the hadith, while others can be found in both sources.

Medina

Medina

Medina, officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Enlightened City', Hejazi pronunciation: [almadiːna almʊnawːara], and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah, is the second-holiest city in Islam and the capital of Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. As of 2020, the estimated population of the city is 1,488,782, making it the fourth-most populous city in the country. Located at the core of the Medina Province in the western reaches of the country, the city is distributed over 589 km2, of which 293 km2 constitutes the city's urban area, while the rest is occupied by the Hejaz Mountains, empty valleys, agricultural spaces and older dormant volcanoes.

Al-Masjid an-Nabawi

Al-Masjid an-Nabawi

Al-Masjid an-Nabawī, known in English as the "Prophet's Mosque", is the second mosque built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina, after that of Quba, as well as the second largest mosque and holiest site in Islam, after Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, in the Saudi region of the Hejaz. The mosque is located at the heart of Medina, and is a major site of pilgrimage that falls under the purview of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.

Exegesis

Exegesis

Exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Biblical works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also philosophy, literature, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase Biblical exegesis can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.

Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi

Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi

Mohammed al-Mahdi al-Fasi also known as Abu Isa Abu Abdallah Mohammed al-Mahdi ibn Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fihri al-Fasi was a well-known mystic, biographer and historian from Fes. A member of the prominent al-Fasi family. He was born in Ksar al-Kebir on May 17, 1624 and died 20 February 1698. He was buried in the mausoleum of his great grandfather Abu l-Mahasin Yusuf al-Fasi.

Kara Davud

Kara Davud

Muhammad Kara Davud bin Kamal al-Izmiti, was an Ottoman scholar of Islam known for his work on the exegesis of the Dala'il al-Khayrat: Tevfîk-i Muvaffık il-Hayrât li-Neyl'il-berekât fî Hidmet-i Menbâ'üs-sa'adât, widely known as "Kara Davud". He was born in Izmit and buried in Bursa.

Turkish language

Turkish language

Turkish, also referred to as Turkish of Turkey, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 80 to 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, Cyprus, other parts of Europe, the Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraq, and Syria. Cyprus has requested the European Union to add Turkish as an official language, even though Turkey is not a member state. Turkish is the 13th most spoken language in the world.

Manuscripts

Institution Inventory number Origin Date Size Notes
Walters Art Museum W.583 Ottoman Empire 17th century [4]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.862 North Africa 17th century [5]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 97 Turkey late 17th or 18th century 52 folios [6]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.864 Ottoman Empire 1734 [5]
Chester Beatty Library, Dublin CBL Ar 5459 Probably Morocco 18th century [7]
Los Angeles County Museum of Art M.85.237.51 Turkey 1751-1752 [8]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.863 India Late 18th century [5]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.47 Ottoman Empire 1795 [5]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1278 India late 18th – early 19th century 2 detached pages [9]
Museum of Islamic Art, Qatar MS.427.2007 Istanbul 19th century [10]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1283 India, or possibly Mecca by Indian artists 1801-2 101 folios [11]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.852 Kashmir Early 19th century [5]
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich BSB Cod.arab. 2646 1830 99 folios [12]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1138 Morocco 1838 223 folios [13]
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich BSB Cod.turc. 553 Istanbul 1845 221 folios [14]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 276 Turkey, probably Istanbul 1848-9 84 folios [15]
Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich BSB Cod.arab. 2673 Istanbul? 1857 90 folios [16]
National Library of Israel Yahuda Ms.Ar.38 Ottoman Empire 1862 [5]
Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage MSS 1245 North Africa or Mecca 1873 89 folios [17]
Allama Iqbal Library, University of Kashmir Saudi Arabia 1885 187 folios [18]
Weltmuseum Wien, Vienna Austria 140430 Afghanistan 18th century,

acquired Ludwig Gustav Alois Zöhrer before 1960

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Walters Art Museum

Walters Art Museum

Walters Art Museum is a public art museum located in the Mount Vernon section of Baltimore, Maryland. Founded and opened in 1934, it holds collections from the mid-19th century that were amassed substantially by major American art and sculpture collectors, including William Thompson Walters and his son Henry Walters. William Walters began collecting when he moved to Paris as a nominal Confederate loyalist at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, and Henry Walters refined the collection and made arrangements for the construction what ultimately was Walters Art Museum.

National Library of Israel

National Library of Israel

The National Library of Israel, formerly Jewish National and University Library, is the library dedicated to collecting the cultural treasures of Israel and of Jewish heritage. The library holds more than 5 million books, and is located on the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI).

Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

The Khalili Collection of the Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage is a private collection of around 5,000 items relating to the Hajj, the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca which is a religious duty in Islam. It is one of eight collections assembled, conserved, published and exhibited by the British-Iranian scholar, collector and philanthropist Nasser Khalili; each collection is considered among the most important in its field. The collection's 300 textiles include embroidered curtains from the Kaaba, the Station of Abraham, the Mosque of the Prophet Muhammad and other holy sites, as well as textiles that would have formed part of pilgrimage caravans from Egypt or Syria. It also has illuminated manuscripts depicting the practice and folklore of the Hajj as well as photographs, art pieces, and commemorative objects relating to the Hajj and the holy sites of Mecca and Medina.

Chester Beatty Library

Chester Beatty Library

The Chester Beatty Library, now known as the Chester Beatty, is a museum and library in Dublin. It was established in Ireland in 1950, to house the collections of mining magnate, Sir Alfred Chester Beatty. The present museum, on the grounds of Dublin Castle, opened on 7 February 2000, the 125th anniversary of Beatty's birth and was named European Museum of the Year in 2002.

Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Los Angeles County Museum of Art

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits.

Museum of Islamic Art, Doha

Museum of Islamic Art, Doha

The Museum of Islamic Art (MIA) is a museum on one end of the seven-kilometer-long (4.3 mi) Corniche in Doha, Qatar. As per the architect I. M. Pei's specifications, the museum is built on an island off an artificial projecting peninsula near the traditional dhow harbor. A purpose-built park surrounds the edifice on the eastern and southern facades while two bridges connect the southern front facade of the property with the main peninsula that holds the park. The western and northern facades are marked by the harbor showcasing the Qatari seafaring past. In September 2017, Qatar Museums appointed Julia Gonnella as new director of MIA.

Bavarian State Library

Bavarian State Library

The Bavarian State Library in Munich is the central "Landesbibliothek", i. e. the state library of the Free State of Bavaria, the biggest universal and research library in Germany and one of Europe's most important universal libraries. With its collections currently comprising around 10.89 million books, it ranks among the best research libraries worldwide. Moreover, its historical stock encompasses one of the most important manuscript collections of the world, the largest collection of incunabula worldwide, as well as numerous further important special collections. Its collection of historical prints before 1850 number almost one million units.

University of Kashmir

University of Kashmir

The University of Kashmir, informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a collegiate public state university located on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir, India which was established in 1948. The main campus of the university is divided into three parts; Hazratbal Campus, Naseem Bagh Campus, and Mirza Bagh Campus.

Gallery

Source: "Dala'il al-Khayrat", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dala'il_al-Khayrat.

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References
  1. ^ "The Story of Dala'il al-Khayrat". Archived from the original on 2006-09-01. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  2. ^ "Dala'il Khayrat: An Appreciation by Siddiq Osman Noormuhammad (IQRA.net)".
  3. ^ "Şerh-i Delâilü'l-hayrât".
  4. ^ "Collection of Prayers for the Prophet Muhammad". The Walters Art Museum. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Eid al-Adha". webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  6. ^ "Dala'il al-Khayrat of al-Jazuli". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  7. ^ "Dala'il al-Khayrat ('The Guide to Happiness') - Discover Islamic Art - Virtual Museum". Explore Islamic Art Collections. 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-08-11. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  8. ^ "Manuscript of the Dala'il al-khayrat of al-Jazuli (Devotional Manual) | LACMA Collections". collections.lacma.org. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  9. ^ "The Masjid al-Haram at Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque at Medina". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  10. ^ "Ottoman copy of the Dalâ'il Al-Khayrât, MS.427.2007". www.mia.org.qa. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  11. ^ "The Dala'il al-Khayrat of al-Jazuli and Other Prayers". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  12. ^ Dalāʾil al-ḫairāt. OPAC of the Bavarian State Library. August 1830. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  13. ^ "An Exceptional Copy of al-Jazuli's Dala'il al-Khayrat". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  14. ^ "Prayer Book of Düzdidil Kadın". Digital Collections of the Bavarian State Library. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  15. ^ "A Lavishly Illuminated Copy of al-Jazuli's Dala'il al-Khayrat". Khalili Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  16. ^ "Dalāʾil al-Ḫairāt". Digital Collections of the Bavarian State Library. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  17. ^ Nassar, Nahla (2020). "The Dala'il al-khayrat of al-Jazuli". Explore Islamic Art Collections. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
  18. ^ "Manifestations of Goodness". World Digital Library. US Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-11-28.
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