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Crown Heights, Brooklyn

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Crown Heights
Typical Crown Heights row houses
Typical Crown Heights row houses
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°40′23″N 73°56′46″W / 40.673°N 73.946°W / 40.673; -73.946Coordinates: 40°40′23″N 73°56′46″W / 40.673°N 73.946°W / 40.673; -73.946
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
BoroughBrooklyn
Community DistrictBrooklyn 8,[1] Brooklyn 9[2]
Area
 • Total3.67 km2 (1.418 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total143,000
 • Density39,000/km2 (100,000/sq mi)
Ethnicity
 • Black48,8%
 • White30,8%
 • Hispanic14,1%
 • Asian3,2%
Economics
 • Median income$45,776
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
11213, 11216, 11225, 11233, 11238
Area code718, 347, 929, and 917

Crown Heights is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Crown Heights is bounded by Washington Avenue to the west, Atlantic Avenue to the north, Ralph Avenue to the east, and Empire Boulevard/East New York Avenue to the south. It is about one mile (1.6 km) wide and two miles (3.2 km) long. Neighborhoods bordering Crown Heights include Prospect Heights to the west, Flatbush and Prospect Lefferts Gardens to the south, Brownsville to the east, and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the north.

The main thoroughfare through this neighborhood is Eastern Parkway, a tree-lined boulevard designed by Frederick Law Olmsted extending two miles (3.2 km) east–west. Originally, the area was known as Crow Hill. It was a succession of hills running east and west from Utica Avenue to Washington Avenue, and south to Empire Boulevard and East New York Avenue.[4] The name was changed when Crown Street was cut through in 1916.[5]

The northern half of Crown Heights is part of Brooklyn Community District 8 and is patrolled by the 77th Precinct of the New York City Police Department (NYPD).[1][6] The southern half is part of Brooklyn Community District 9 and is patrolled by the 71st Precinct of the NYPD.[2][7] Crown Heights's primary ZIP Codes are 11213, 11216, 11225, 11233, and 11238. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 35th, 36th, and 41st Districts.

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New York City

New York City

New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States and more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city. New York City is located at the southern tip of New York State. It constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.

Brooklyn

Brooklyn

Brooklyn is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, behind New York County (Manhattan). Brooklyn is also New York City's most populous borough, with 2,736,074 residents in 2020.

Atlantic Avenue (New York City)

Atlantic Avenue (New York City)

Atlantic Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. It stretches from the Brooklyn waterfront on the East River all the way to Jamaica, Queens. Atlantic Avenue runs parallel to Fulton Street for much of its course through Brooklyn, where it serves as a border between the neighborhoods of Prospect Heights and Fort Greene and between Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights.

Flatbush, Brooklyn

Flatbush, Brooklyn

Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood consists of several subsections in central Brooklyn and is generally bounded by Prospect Park to the north, East Flatbush to the east, Midwood to the south, and Kensington and Parkville to the west. The neighborhood had a population of 105,804 as of the 2010 United States Census. The modern neighborhood includes or borders several institutions of note, including Brooklyn College.

Brownsville, Brooklyn

Brownsville, Brooklyn

Brownsville is a residential neighborhood in eastern Brooklyn in New York City. The neighborhood is generally bordered by Crown Heights to the northwest; Bedford–Stuyvesant and Cypress Hills to the north; East New York to the east; Canarsie to the south; and East Flatbush to the west.

Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn

Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn

Bedford–Stuyvesant, colloquially known as Bed–Stuy, is a neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Bedford–Stuyvesant is bordered by Flushing Avenue to the north, Classon Avenue to the west, Broadway to the east, and Atlantic Avenue to the south. The main shopping street, Fulton Street runs east–west the length of the neighborhood and intersects high-traffic north–south streets including Bedford Avenue, Nostrand Avenue, and Stuyvesant Avenue. Bedford–Stuyvesant contains four smaller neighborhoods: Bedford, Stuyvesant Heights, Ocean Hill, and Weeksville. Part of Clinton Hill was once considered part of Bedford–Stuyvesant.

Eastern Parkway

Eastern Parkway

Eastern Parkway is a major road that runs through a portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, it was the world's first parkway, having been built between 1870 and 1874. At the time of its construction, Eastern Parkway went to the eastern edge of Brooklyn, hence its name.

Frederick Law Olmsted

Frederick Law Olmsted

Frederick Law Olmsted was an American landscape architect, journalist, social critic, and public administrator. He is considered to be the father of landscape architecture in the United States. Olmsted was famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks with his partner Calvert Vaux. Olmsted and Vaux's first project was New York's Central Park, which led to many other urban park designs, including Prospect Park in Brooklyn and Cadwalader Park in Trenton, New Jersey. He headed the preeminent landscape architecture and planning consultancy of late 19th century United States, which was carried on and expanded by his sons, Frederick Jr. and John C., under the name Olmsted Brothers.

Jamaica Avenue

Jamaica Avenue

Jamaica Avenue is a major avenue in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, New York, in the United States. Jamaica Avenue's western end is at Broadway and Fulton Street, as a continuation of East New York Avenue, in Brooklyn's East New York neighborhood. Physically, East New York Avenue connects westbound to New York Avenue, where East New York Avenue changes names another time to Lincoln Road; Lincoln Road continues to Ocean Avenue in the west, where it ends. Its eastern end is at the city line in Bellerose, Queens, where it becomes Jericho Turnpike to serve the rest of Long Island. The section of Jamaica Avenue designated as New York State Route 25 runs from Braddock Avenue to the city line, where Jamaica Avenue becomes Jericho Turnpike.

Brooklyn Community Board 8

Brooklyn Community Board 8

Brooklyn Community Board 8 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights, Prospect Heights, and Weeksville. It is delimited by Flatbush Avenue on the west, Atlantic Avenue on the north, Ralph Avenue on the east, and Eastern Parkway on the south.

Brooklyn Community Board 9

Brooklyn Community Board 9

Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights, Prospect Lefferts Gardens, and Wingate. It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west, Eastern Parkway on the north, Rochester, East New York and Utica Avenues on the east, as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south.

New York City Council

New York City Council

The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of New York City. It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs.

History

Early history

Although no known physical evidence remains in the Crown Heights vicinity, large portions of what is now called Long Island including present-day Brooklyn were occupied by the Lenape Native Americans. The Lenape lived in communities of bark- or grass-covered wigwams, and in their larger settlements—typically located on high ground adjacent to fresh water, and occupied in the fall, winter, and spring—they fished, harvested shellfish, trapped animals, gathered wild fruits and vegetables, and cultivated corn, tobacco, beans, and other crops.

The first recorded contact between the indigenous people of the New York City region and Europeans was with the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 in the service of France when he anchored at the approximate location where the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge touches down in Brooklyn today. There he was visited by a canoe party of Lenape. The next contact was in 1609 when the explorer Henry Hudson arrived in what is now New York Harbor aboard a Dutch East India Company ship, the Halve Maen (Half Moon) commissioned by the Dutch Republic.

European habitation in the New York City area began in earnest with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" (New Amsterdam), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. By 1630, Dutch and English colonists started moving into the western end of Long Island. In 1637, Joris Jansen de Rapalje[8] purchased about 335 acres (1.36 km2) around Wallabout Bay and over the following two years, director Kieft of the Dutch West India Company purchased title to nearly all the land in what is now Kings County and Queens County from the indigenous inhabitants.

Finally, the areas around present-day Crown Heights saw its first European settlements starting in about 1661/1662 when several men each received, from Governor Peter Stuyvesant and the directors of the Dutch West India Company what was described as “a parcel of free (unoccupied) woodland there” on the condition that they situate their houses “within one of the other concentration, which would suit them best, but not to make a hamlet.”[9][10]

19th century

In the 19th century, the area was rural.[11] The Crow Hill penitentiary and various orphanages were located in the area at the time. In 1884, Alexander Jefferson was killed during a prolonged hanging after being convicted of the Crow Hill Murders. Appeals seeking to overturn his death sentence documented the significant poverty in the area at the time.[11]

Early and mid-20th century

Imperial Apartments on Bedford Avenue, built in 1892
Imperial Apartments on Bedford Avenue, built in 1892

Crown Heights had begun as a fashionable residential neighborhood, a place for secondary homes in which Manhattan's growing bourgeois class could reside. The area benefited by having its rapid transit in a subway configuration, the IRT Eastern Parkway Line (2, ​3, ​4, and ​5 trains), in contrast to many other Brooklyn neighborhoods, which had elevated lines. Conversion to a commuter town also included tearing down the 19th century Kings County Penitentiary at Carroll Street and Nostrand Avenue.[12]

Beginning in the early 1900s, many upper-class residences, including characteristic brownstone buildings, were erected along Eastern Parkway. Away from the parkway were a mixture of lower middle-class residences. This development peaked in the 1920s. Before World War II Crown Heights was among New York City's premier neighborhoods, with tree-lined streets, an array of cultural institutions and parks, and numerous fraternal, social and community organizations.

The former Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn, now an apartment house
The former Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn, now an apartment house

From the early 1920s through the 1960s, Crown Heights was an overwhelmingly white neighborhood and predominantly Jewish.[13] In 1950, the neighborhood was 89 percent white, with some 50 to 60 percent of the white population, or about 75,000 people, being Jewish, but new arrivals from the West Indies and the American South created a growing Black presence. By 1957, there were about 25,000 Blacks in Crown Heights, making up about one-fourth of the population. Around the same time, suburbanization began to rapidly affect Crown Heights and Brooklyn. Robert Moses expanded the borough's access to eastern Long Island through expressway construction; by way of the G.I. Bill, many families moved east. Most of these opportunities were limited to whites. Levittown in Nassau County, for example, prohibited applications from Black families. As the Jewish, Irish and Italian populations of Crown Heights moved out of the neighborhood, black people from the south and immigrants from the Caribbean continued to move there. The 1957 departure of the Brooklyn Dodgers and the destruction of Ebbets Field for public housing for its Black population symbolically served as the end of the old white ethnic Crown Heights[14] and in the 1960s the neighborhood experienced mass white flight. The demographic change was astounding; in 1960 the neighborhood was 70% white, by 1970 it was 70% Black. The one exception to this pattern were Lubavitch Hasidic Jews.[13]

There were thirty-four large synagogues in the neighborhood, including the Bobov, Chovevei Torah, and 770 Eastern Parkway, home of the worldwide Lubavitch movement. There were also three prominent Yeshiva elementary schools in the neighborhood, Crown Heights Yeshiva on Crown Street, the Yeshiva of Eastern Parkway, and the Reines Talmud Torah.

Late 20th century

The 1960s and 1970s were a time of turbulent race relations in the area: With increasing poverty in the city, racial conflict plagued some of its neighborhoods, including Crown Heights, with its racially and culturally mixed populations. The neighborhood's relatively large population of Lubavitch Hasidim, at the request of their leader, the Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson stayed in the community as other whites were leaving.[15]

In 1964 the Labor Day Carnival celebrating Caribbean culture was moved to the neighborhood when its license to run in Harlem was revoked. It now attracts between one and three million people and is held on the first Monday in September.

During the Lyndon B. Johnson administration, Crown Heights was declared a primary poverty area due to a high unemployment rate, high juvenile and adult crime rate, poor nutrition due to lack of family income, relative absence of job skills and readiness, and a relatively high concentration of elderly residents. Violence broke out several times in the neighborhood during the late 20th century, including during the New York City blackout of 1977: More than 75 area stores were robbed, and thieves used cars to pull up roll-down curtains in front of stores.

In 1991, there was a three-day outbreak known as the Crown Heights Riot, which started between the neighborhood's West Indian/African American and Jewish communities. The riots began on August 19, 1991, after Gavin Cato, the son of two Guyanese immigrants, was struck and killed by a car in the motorcade of prominent Hasidic rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. A mob began to attack a Jewish volunteer ambulance, which withdrew. Rumors, which later proved to be unfounded, circulated that the ambulance refused to treat Gavin Cato's injuries while removing members of Schneerson's motorcade instead. Yankel Rosenbaum, a visiting rabbinical student from Australia, was killed in the riot, while Jews were assaulted, and there was property damage amid rock throwing in the ensuing riots. The riot unveiled long-simmering tensions between the neighborhood's Black and Jewish communities, which impacted the 1993 mayoral race and ultimately led to a successful outreach program between Black and Jewish leaders that somewhat helped improve race relations in the city.[16][17] Through the 1990s, crime, racial conflict, and violence decreased in the city and urban renewal and gentrification began to take effect including in Crown Heights.

Early 21st century

In the 2010s, Crown Heights experienced rapid gentrification.[18][19] In some areas the increasing rents have caused the displacement of long-time residents.[20][21][22] Not only did rents for each apartment increase drastically but building management firms such as BCB Realty, affiliated with companies that buy up buildings in the neighborhood, aimed to remove long-term residents by buying them out or pressuring them to move by "failing to adequately maintain apartments", according to a housing activist, with the aim of forcing out the rent-stabilized. Other tactics include relocating residents from their apartments claiming renovation and locking them out, as employed by another realtor in the neighborhood, ZT Realty.[23] In 2017, real estate developer Isaac Hager faced opposition from activists when he proposed building a 565-unit apartment complex in Crown Heights;[24] in April 2019, a judge issued a restraining order against the project.[25]

In the wake of the 2010 opening of Basil Pizza & Wine Bar, a series of upscale, kosher, foodie restaurants opened in Crown Heights, which The Jewish Week described as "an eating destination."[26]

In November 2013, a series of attacks on Jewish residents were suspected to be part of "knockout games". Media attention to knockout attacks increased following the incidents in Crown Heights.[27][28][29][30][31][32] In response to the violence, the Jewish community hosted an event for African-American teens, designed to promote greater understanding of Jews and their beliefs. The event, hosted by the Jewish Children's Museum, was coordinated by local Jewish organizations, public schools, and by the NYPD's 71st and 77th precincts.[33]

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Long Island

Long Island

Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United States and the 18th-most populous in the world. The island begins at New York Harbor approximately 0.35 miles (0.56 km) east of Manhattan Island and extends eastward about 118 miles (190 km) into the Atlantic Ocean, with a maximum north-to-south width of 23 miles (37 km) between Long Island Sound and the Atlantic coast. With a land area of 1,401 square miles (3,630 km2), Long Island is the 11th-largest island in the United States, the largest island in the contiguous United States, and the 149th-largest island in the world.

Lenape

Lenape

The Lenape also called the Lenni Lenape, and Delaware people, are an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada.

Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Americans, and other terms, are the Indigenous peoples of the mainland United States. There are 574 federally recognized tribes living within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. As defined by the United States Census, "Native Americans" are Indigenous tribes that are originally from the contiguous United States, along with Alaska Natives. Indigenous peoples of the United States who are not listed as American Indian or Alaska Native include Native Hawaiians, Samoan Americans, and Chamorros. The US Census groups these peoples as "Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders".

Giovanni da Verrazzano

Giovanni da Verrazzano

Giovanni da Verrazzano was an Italian (Florentine) explorer of North America, in the service of King Francis I of France.

Brooklyn

Brooklyn

Brooklyn is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, behind New York County (Manhattan). Brooklyn is also New York City's most populous borough, with 2,736,074 residents in 2020.

Canoe

Canoe

A canoe is a lightweight narrow water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using a single-bladed paddle.

Henry Hudson

Henry Hudson

Henry Hudson was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States.

Dutch East India Company

Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company was a chartered company established on 20 March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock company in the world, granting it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be bought by any resident of the United Provinces and then subsequently bought and sold in open-air secondary markets. It is sometimes considered to have been the first multinational corporation. It was a powerful company, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies.

Halve Maen

Halve Maen

Halve Maen was a Dutch East India Company vlieboot that sailed into what is now New York Harbor in September 1609. She was commissioned by the VOC Chamber of Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic to covertly find a western passage to China. The ship was captained by Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch Republic.

Dutch Republic

Dutch Republic

The United Provinces of the Netherlands, officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands. The republic was established after seven Dutch provinces in the Spanish Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, forming a mutual alliance against Spain in 1579 and declaring their independence in 1581. It comprised Groningen, Frisia, Overijssel, Guelders, Utrecht, Holland and Zeeland.

Fur trade

Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Manhattan

Manhattan

Manhattan is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. Located near the southern tip of New York State, Manhattan is based in the Eastern Time Zone and constitutes both the geographical and demographic center of the Northeast megalopolis and the urban core of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. Over 58 million people live within 250 miles of Manhattan, which serves as New York City’s economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, and the city’s historical birthplace. Residents of the outer boroughs of New York City often refer to Manhattan as "the city". Manhattan has been described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and hosts the United Nations headquarters. Manhattan also serves as the headquarters of the global art market, with numerous art galleries and auction houses collectively hosting half of the world’s art auctions.

Demographics

Crown Heights is divided into two neighborhood tabulation areas, Crown Heights North and Crown Heights South, which collectively comprise the population of Crown Heights.[34]

Crown Heights has a majority West Indian and African American population according to the 2010 census. Reflecting the most varied U.S. population of Caribbean immigrants outside the West Indies, Crown Heights is known for its annual West Indian Carnival. The vivid ostentation goes along Eastern Parkway, from Utica Avenue to Grand Army Plaza. According to the West Indian-American Day Carnival Association, over 3.5 million people participate in the parade each year.[35]

Crown Heights also contains a significant number of Hasidic Jews.[36] It is the location of the Worldwide Headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Jewish movement, at 770 Eastern Parkway. An Orthodox Jewish community which established itself in Crown Heights in the 1940s has continued to thrive around that location.

Crown Heights North

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Crown Heights North was 103,169, a change of -293 (-0.3%) from the 103,462 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,185.56 acres (479.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 87 inhabitants per acre (56,000/sq mi; 21,000/km2).[37]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 31% White, 49% African American, 0.2% Native American, 3% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14% of the population.[38]

The entirety of Community District 8, which covers Crown Heights North, had 97,130 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 79.2 years.[39]: 2, 20  This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[40]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [41] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 20% are between the ages of 0–17, 37% between 25 and 44, and 22% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 12% respectively.[39]: 2 

As of 2016, the median household income in Community District 8 was $60,107.[42] In 2018, an estimated 21% of Crown Heights North residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 50% in Crown Heights North, lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Crown Heights North is considered to be gentrifying.[39]: 7 

According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, there is still an overwhelming Black population majority of 40,000 or more residents, but there is a diverse cultural population with each the White and Hispanic populations at between 10,000 and 19,999 residents.[43][44]

Crown Heights South

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Crown Heights South was 39,670, a change of -2,700 (-6.8%) from the 42,370 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 366.94 acres (148.50 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 108.1 inhabitants per acre (69,200/sq mi; 26,700/km2).[37]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 25.8% (10,221) White, 62.8% (24,921) African American, 0.2% (81) Native American, 0.7% (285) Asian, 0% (12) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (127) from other races, and 1.5% (601) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.6% (3,422) of the population.[38]

The entirety of Community District 9, which covers Crown Heights South, had 98,650 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.2 years.[45]: 2, 20  This is equal to the median life expectancy of all New York City neighborhoods.[40]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [41] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 22% are between the ages of 0–17, 30% between 25 and 44, and 25% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 14% respectively.[45]: 2 

As of 2016, the median household income in Community District 9 was $51,072.[46] In 2018, an estimated 22% of Crown Heights South residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in nine residents (11%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Crown Heights South, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Crown Heights South is considered to be gentrifying.[45]: 7 

As of the 2020 census according to New York City Department of City Planning, there were between 20,000 and 29,999 Black residents and 10,000 to 19,999 White residents. The concentration of Black residents in South Crown Heights is slightly lower than North Crown Heights.[43][44]

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Eastern Parkway

Eastern Parkway

Eastern Parkway is a major road that runs through a portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, it was the world's first parkway, having been built between 1870 and 1874. At the time of its construction, Eastern Parkway went to the eastern edge of Brooklyn, hence its name.

Grand Army Plaza

Grand Army Plaza

Grand Army Plaza, originally known as Prospect Park Plaza, is a public plaza that comprises the northern corner and the main entrance of Prospect Park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It consists of concentric oval rings arranged as streets, with the namesake Plaza Street comprising the outer ring. The inner ring is arranged as an ovoid roadway that carries the main street – Flatbush Avenue. Eight radial roads connect Vanderbilt Avenue; Butler Place; two separate sections of Saint John's Place; Lincoln Place; Eastern Parkway; Prospect Park West; Union Street; and Berkeley Place. The only streets that penetrate to the inner ring are Flatbush Avenue, Vanderbilt Avenue, Prospect Park West, Eastern Parkway, and Union Street.

Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism

Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism, is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contemporary Western Ukraine during the 18th century, and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most affiliates reside in Israel and the United States.

770 Eastern Parkway

770 Eastern Parkway

770 Eastern Parkway, also known as "770", is the street address of the World Headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States. The building is the center of the Chabad-Lubavitch world movement, and considered by many to be an iconic site in Judaism.

Politics

The neighborhood is part of New York's 9th congressional district, represented by Democrat Yvette Clarke since 2013.[47] It is also part of the 19th and 20th State Senate districts, represented by Democrats Roxanne Persaud and Zellnor Myrie,[48][49] and the 43rd and 57th State Assembly districts, represented respectively by Democrats Diana Richardson and Phara Souffrant Forrest.[50][51] Crown Heights is located in New York's 35th and 36th City Council districts, represented respectively by Democrats Crystal Hudson and Chi Ossé.[52][53]

Crown Heights is served by Brooklyn Community Board 8 north of Eastern Parkway and Brooklyn Community Board 9 south of Eastern Parkway.

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New York's 9th congressional district

New York's 9th congressional district

New York's 9th congressional district is a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York City, represented by Yvette Clarke.

Yvette Clarke

Yvette Clarke

Yvette Diane Clarke is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for New York's 9th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, she first entered Congress in 2007, representing New York's 11th congressional district until redistricting. Clarke represented the 40th district in Brooklyn on the New York City Council from 2002 to 2006.

New York State Senate

New York State Senate

The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature, with the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Established in 1777 by the Constitution of New York, its members are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. There are currently 63 seats in the Senate.

Roxanne Persaud

Roxanne Persaud

Roxanne Persaud is a Guyanese-American politician. She is a Democrat and a member of the New York Senate for the 19th district, which includes portions of Canarsie, East New York, Brownsville, Mill Basin, Sheepshead Bay, Bergen Beach, Marine Park, Flatlands, Ocean Hill and Starrett City in Brooklyn.

New York State Assembly

New York State Assembly

The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature, with the New York State Senate being the upper house. There are 150 seats in the Assembly. Assembly members serve two-year terms without term limits.

Diana Richardson

Diana Richardson

Diana Richardson is an American politician who served as a member of the New York Assembly. She was elected on the Working Families Party line in a 2015 special election to replace Karim Camara in the 43rd district, which comprises the Crown Heights and Prospect Lefferts Gardens neighborhoods of Brooklyn.

Phara Souffrant Forrest

Phara Souffrant Forrest

Phara Souffrant Forrest is an American politician, nurse, and tenant activist. A member of the Democratic Socialists of America, Forrest is the assembly member for the 57th district of the New York State Assembly. After narrowly defeating incumbent Assembly Member Walter T. Mosley in the Democratic primary in June 2020, Forrest won the general election in November of that year. Forrest defeated former District Manager of Community Board 2 Olanike Alabi in the primary to defend her seat in 2022. She was unopposed in the general election.

New York City Council

New York City Council

The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of New York City. It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs.

Crystal Hudson

Crystal Hudson

Crystal R. Hudson is an American politician from New York City. A Democrat, she represents the 35th district of the New York City Council, which covers parts of central Brooklyn.

Chi Ossé

Chi Ossé

Chi A. Ossé is an American politician and activist from New York City who serves as a member of the New York City Council for the 36th district, which covers parts of central Brooklyn.

Brooklyn Community Board 8

Brooklyn Community Board 8

Brooklyn Community Board 8 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights, Prospect Heights, and Weeksville. It is delimited by Flatbush Avenue on the west, Atlantic Avenue on the north, Ralph Avenue on the east, and Eastern Parkway on the south.

Brooklyn Community Board 9

Brooklyn Community Board 9

Brooklyn Community Board 9 is a New York City community board that encompasses the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Crown Heights, Prospect Lefferts Gardens, and Wingate. It is delimited by Ocean Avenue and Flatbush Avenue on the west, Eastern Parkway on the north, Rochester, East New York and Utica Avenues on the east, as well as by Clarkson Avenue on the south.

Police and crime

Crown Heights is patrolled by two precincts of the NYPD.[54] Crown Heights North is covered by the 77th Precinct, located at 127 Utica Avenue,[6] while Crown Heights South is patrolled by the 71st Precinct, located at 421 Empire Boulevard.[7]

The 77th Precinct ranked 42nd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010,[55] while the 71st Precinct ranked 46th safest.[56] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 85 per 100,000 people in Crown Heights North and 73 per 100,000 people in Crown Heights South, both areas' rates of violent crimes per capita are greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rates of 872 per 100,000 people in Crown Heights North and 598 per 100,000 people in Crown Heights South are both greater than that of the city as a whole.[39]: 8 [45]: 8 

The 77th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 85.7% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 32 rapes, 180 robberies, 297 felony assaults, 158 burglaries, 397 grand larcenies, and 72 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[57] The 71st Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 82.7% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 8 murders, 26 rapes, 166 robberies, 349 felony assaults, 143 burglaries, 464 grand larcenies, and 68 grand larcenies auto in 2018. [58]

Fire safety

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) operates four fire stations in Crown Heights:[59]

  • Engine Company 234/Ladder Company 123/Battalion 38 – 1352 St Johns Place[60]
  • Rescue 2 – 1472 Bergen Street[61]
  • Engine Company 280/Ladder Company 132 – 489 St Johns Place[62]
  • Engine Company 227 – 423 Ralph Avenue[63]

Health

As of 2018, preterm births in Crown Heights and births to teenage mothers in Crown Heights North are more common than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers in Crown Heights South are less common than in other places citywide. There were 92 preterm births per 1,000 live births in Crown Heights North and 91 preterm births per 1,000 live births in Crown Heights South (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide). Additionally, there were 24.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births in Crown Heights North and 14.8 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births in Crown Heights South (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[39]: 11 [45]: 11  Both neighborhoods have a relatively high population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[64] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 12% in Crown Heights North and 16% in Crown Heights South, compared to the citywide rate of 12%.[39]: 14 [45]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, is 0.008 milligrams per cubic metre (8.0×10−9 oz/cu ft) in Crown Heights North and 0.0078 milligrams per cubic metre (7.8×10−9 oz/cu ft) in Crown Heights South, slightly higher than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[39]: 9 [45]: 9  Eighteen percent of Crown Heights North residents and eight percent of Crown Heights South residents are smokers, compared to the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[39]: 13 [45]: 13  In Crown Heights North, 26% of residents are obese, 13% are diabetic, and 33% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[39]: 16  By comparison, in Crown Heights South, 32% of residents are obese, 15% are diabetic, and 37% have high blood pressure.[45]: 16  In addition, 19% of children are obese in both Crown Heights North and South, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[39]: 12 [45]: 12 

Eighty-four percent of Crown Heights North and eighty-one percent of Crown Heights South residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 78% of Crown Heights North and 84% of Crown Heights South residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", compared to than the city's average of 78%.[39]: 13 [45]: 13  For every supermarket, there are 25 bodegas in Crown Heights North and 21 bodegas in Crown Heights South.[39]: 10 [45]: 10 

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. Extreme preterm is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 36 weeks, late preterm birth is between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. These babies are also known as premature babies or colloquially preemies or premmies. Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes and/or the leaking of fluid from the vagina before 37 weeks. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and problems with their vision. The earlier a baby is born, the greater these risks will be.

Health insurance coverage in the United States

Health insurance coverage in the United States

Health insurance coverage in the United States is provided by several public and private sources. During 2019, the U.S. population overall was approximately 330 million, with 59 million people 65 years of age and over covered by the federal Medicare program. The 273 million non-institutionalized persons under age 65 either obtained their coverage from employer-based or non-employer based sources, or were uninsured. During the year 2019, 89% of the non-institutionalized population had health insurance coverage. Separately, approximately 12 million military personnel received coverage through the Veteran's Administration and Military Health System.

Medicaid

Medicaid

In the United States, Medicaid is a program that provides health insurance for some people with limited income and resources. The program is partially funded and primarily managed by state governments, which also have wide latitude in determining eligibility and benefits, but the federal government sets baseline standards for state Medicaid programs and provides a significant portion of their funding.

Particulates

Particulates

Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be natural or anthropogenic. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health, in ways additional to direct inhalation.

Air pollution

Air pollution

Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. It is also the contamination of indoor or outdoor surrounding either by chemical activities, physical or biological agents that alters the natural features of the atmosphere. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases, particulates, and biological molecules. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment or built environment. Air pollution can be caused by both human activities and natural phenomena.

Smoking

Smoking

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is typically breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly, the substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant, which have been rolled into a small rectangle of rolling paper to create a small, round cylinder called a cigarette. Smoking is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue. In the case of cigarette smoking, these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gases and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas into a form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs. In some cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to spiritual enlightenment.

Obesity

Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may negatively affect health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.

Hypertension

Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high blood pressure, however, is a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.

Convenience store

Convenience store

A convenience store, bodega, convenience shop, corner store or corner shop is a small retail business that stocks a range of everyday items such as coffee, groceries, snack foods, confectionery, soft drinks, ice creams, tobacco products, lottery tickets, over-the-counter drugs, toiletries, newspapers and magazines. In some jurisdictions, convenience stores are licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, although many jurisdictions limit such beverages to those with relatively low alcohol content, like beer and wine. The stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services, along with the use of a fax machine or photocopier for a small per-copy cost. Some also sell tickets or recharge smart cards, e.g. OPUS cards in Montreal or include a small deli. They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger stores.

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Crown Heights North is covered by ZIP Codes 11238, 11216, 11213, and 11233 from west to east, while Crown Heights South is covered by ZIP Codes 11225 and 11213 from west to east.[65] The United States Postal Service operates two post offices nearby: the Saint Johns Place Station at 1234 St Johns Place,[66] and the James E Davis Station at 315 Empire Boulevard.[67]

Education

Crown Heights generally has a similar ratio of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018. In Crown Heights North, 44% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, while 16% have less than a high school education and 40% are high school graduates or have some college education. In Crown Heights South, 35% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, while 16% have less than a high school education and 48% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.[39]: 6 [45]: 6  The percentage of Crown Heights North students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 31 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 22 percent to 47 percent within the same time period.[68] In Crown Heights South, reading achievement rose from 31 percent in 2000 to 37 percent in 2011, and math achievement rose from 21 percent to 47 percent within the same time period.[69]

Crown Heights' rates of elementary school student absenteeism are higher than the rest of New York City. The proportions of elementary school students who missed twenty or more days per school year were 28% in Crown Heights North and 22% in Crown Heights South, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.[40]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [39]: 6 [45]: 6  Additionally, 71% of high school students in Crown Heights North and 77% of high school students in Crown Heights South graduate on time, compared to the citywide average of 75% of students.[39]: 6 [45]: 6 

Schools

Among the public schools are the International Arts Business School, The League School, The School for Human Rights, The School for Democracy and Leadership and the High School for Public Service: Heroes of Tomorrow, all on the campus of the now-closed George W. Wingate High School, and Success Academy Crown Heights, part of Success Academy Charter Schools. M.S. 587, New Heights Middle School, Achievement First Crown Heights Elementary School, and Achievement First Crown Heights Middle School are all located in Crown Heights, housed in the Mahalia Jackson School building. Explore Empower Charter School[70] is also located in Crown Heights.

Medgar Evers College is an institution of higher education in the neighborhood.[71]

The orthodox Jewish community is serviced by gender-segregated schools. Among the girls schools are Beth Rivkah Academy, founded in 1941 by the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson, as the oldest Chasidic school for girls;[72] the school now hosts preschool through higher learning institutions. Newer schools include Bnos Menachem, Bais Chaya Mushka, Bnos Chomesh and Chabad Girls Academy. The boys are educated at Oholei Torah, Yeshiva Tomchei Temimim Lubavitch, Cheder Ohr Menachem, Gan Academy, Darchei Menachem and various other smaller schools.[73]

Libraries

The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) has three branches in Crown Heights:

  • The Crown Heights branch, on the border with Flatbush/Prospect Lefferts Gardens, is located at 560 New York Avenue near Maple Street. The branch was built in 1958 as part of a plan by mayor Abraham Beame.[74]
  • The Brower Park branch is located at 725 St. Marks Avenue between New York and Nostrand Avenues. The branch was built in 1963 under the Beame plan. When it opened, it was northern Brooklyn's first new library in four decades.[75]
  • The Eastern Parkway branch and Eastern Parkway Learning Center is located at 1044 Eastern Parkway at Schenectady Avenue. It is a two-story, limestone-clad Carnegie library branch with 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of floor space. The branch was renovated at least four times, most recently in 2016.[76]

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Medgar Evers College

Medgar Evers College

Medgar Evers College is a public college in New York City. It is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY), offering baccalaureate and associate degrees. It was officially established in 1970 through cooperation between educators and community leaders in central Brooklyn. It is named after Medgar Wiley Evers, an African American civil rights leader who was assassinated on June 12, 1963.

High School for Public Service: Heroes of Tomorrow

High School for Public Service: Heroes of Tomorrow

High School for Public Service: Heroes of Tomorrow is a New York City public high school in Brooklyn, New York, founded in 2003. In addition to its academic curriculum, HSPS encourages its students to become involved in their communities through public service learning. HSPS was awarded an 'A' by the New York City Department of Education for the 2009–2010 school year.

George W. Wingate High School

George W. Wingate High School

George W. Wingate High School is a defunct comprehensive high school in the Prospect Lefferts Gardens and Wingate neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York City. It opened in 1956 and was closed down in June 2006 due to poor academic performance. The school was then divided into four small schools. The school was named for George Wood Wingate, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Wingate was the founder of the Public School Athletic League in New York City.

Success Academy Charter Schools

Success Academy Charter Schools

Success Academy Charter Schools, originally Harlem Success Academy, is a charter school operator in New York City. Eva Moskowitz, a former city council member for the Upper East Side, is its founder and CEO. It has 47 schools in the New York area and 17,000 students.

Higher education

Higher education

Higher education is tertiary education leading to the award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. It represents levels 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the 2011 version of the International Standard Classification of Education structure. Tertiary education at a non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education.

Beth Rivkah

Beth Rivkah

Beth Rivkah, formally known as Associated Beth Rivkah Schools, is a private girls' school system affiliated with the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement.

Brooklyn Public Library

Brooklyn Public Library

The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) is the public library system of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is the sixteenth largest public library system in the United States by holding and the seventh by number of visitors. Like the two other public library systems in New York City, it is an independent nonprofit organization that is funded by the city and state governments, the federal government, and private donors. The library currently promotes itself as Bklyn Public Library.

Abraham Beame

Abraham Beame

Abraham David Beame was an American accountant, investor, and Democratic Party politician who was the 104th mayor of New York City, in office from 1974 to 1977. As mayor, he presided over the city during the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, when the city was almost forced to declare bankruptcy.

List of Carnegie libraries in New York City

List of Carnegie libraries in New York City

The following list of Carnegie libraries in New York City provides detailed information on United States Carnegie libraries in New York City, where 67 libraries were built with funds from one grant totaling $5,202,261, awarded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York on December 8, 1899. Although the original grant was negotiated in 1899, most of the grant money was awarded as the libraries were built between 1901 and 1923. Carnegie libraries were built in all 5 boroughs.

Transportation

Crown Heights is served by the New York City Subway's IRT Eastern Parkway Line, with stations at Franklin Avenue (2, ​3, ​4, and ​5 trains), Nostrand Avenue (3 train), Kingston Avenue (3 train), and Utica Avenue (3​ and 4 trains). It is also served by the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line at President and Sterling Streets (2 and ​5 trains). The subway's BMT Franklin Avenue Line, served by the S train contains stations at Botanic Garden and Park Place.[77] The IND Fulton Street line runs on its namesake street, 2 blocks north of the border between Crown Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant, stopping in the Crown Heights area from Clinton-Washington Avenues to Ralph Avenue and Broadway Junction. Just east of the Utica Avenue station, on the border with Brownsville, there is a park called Lincoln Terrace (also known as Arthur S. Somers Park), which slopes gently down toward the southern Brooklyn coastline; the IRT New Lots Line transitions from a tunnel to an elevated structure within this park.[78]

Several bus lines serve the area, including the B12, B14, B15, B17, B43, B44, B44 SBS, B45, B46, B46 SBS, B47 and B65.[79]

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Crown Heights–Utica Avenue station

Crown Heights–Utica Avenue station

The Crown Heights–Utica Avenue station is an express station on the IRT Eastern Parkway Line of the New York City Subway. Located under Eastern Parkway near Utica Avenue in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, it is served by the 4 train at all times and the 3 train at all times except late nights. There is also limited rush hour 2 and 5 services here.

New York City Subway

New York City Subway

The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system in the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx. It is owned by the government of New York City and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, an affiliate agency of the state-run Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Opened on October 27, 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest public transit systems, one of the most-used, and the one with the most stations, with 472 stations in operation.

IRT Eastern Parkway Line

IRT Eastern Parkway Line

The Eastern Parkway Line is one of the lines of the A Division of the New York City Subway, stretching from Downtown Brooklyn south along Flatbush Avenue and east along Eastern Parkway to Crown Heights. After passing Utica Avenue, the line rises onto an elevated structure and becomes the New Lots Line to the end at New Lots Avenue in East New York, Brooklyn. The west end of the Eastern Parkway Line is at the Joralemon Street Tunnel under the East River.

2 (New York City Subway service)

2 (New York City Subway service)

The 2 Seventh Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through most of Manhattan.

3 (New York City Subway service)

3 (New York City Subway service)

The 3 Seventh Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through most of Manhattan.

4 (New York City Subway service)

4 (New York City Subway service)

The 4 Lexington Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored forest green since it uses the IRT Lexington Avenue Line in Manhattan.

5 (New York City Subway service)

5 (New York City Subway service)

The 5 Lexington Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored forest green since it uses the IRT Lexington Avenue Line in Manhattan.

IRT Nostrand Avenue Line

IRT Nostrand Avenue Line

The IRT Nostrand Avenue Line is a rapid transit line of the A Division of the New York City Subway running under Nostrand Avenue in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is served by the 2 train at all times and is also served by the 5 train during the daytime on weekdays.

BMT Franklin Avenue Line

BMT Franklin Avenue Line

The BMT Franklin Avenue Line is a rapid transit line of the New York City Subway in Brooklyn, New York, running between Franklin Avenue and Prospect Park. Service is full-time, and provided by the Franklin Avenue Shuttle. The line serves the neighborhoods of Bedford-Stuyvesant and Crown Heights, and allows for easy connections between the Fulton Street Line and the Brighton Line.

Franklin Avenue Shuttle

Franklin Avenue Shuttle

The Franklin Avenue Shuttle is a New York City Subway shuttle service operating in Brooklyn. The shuttle service uses the BMT Franklin Avenue Line exclusively. The north terminus is Franklin Avenue, with a transfer available to the IND Fulton Street Line. The south terminus is Prospect Park, with a transfer available to the BMT Brighton Line. NYCT Rapid Transit Operations refer to it internally as the S or FS. Like the other two shuttles, the 42nd Street Shuttle in Manhattan and the Rockaway Park Shuttle in Queens, its route bullet is colored dark gray on route signs, station signs, rolling stock, and the official subway map.

Recreation

Crown Heights has one botanical garden:

There are also four museums in Crown Heights:

Crown Heights has several parks:

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Botanical garden

Botanical garden

A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden with a documented collection of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. Typically plants are labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Most are at least partly open to the public, and may offer guided tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden

Brooklyn Botanic Garden

Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn, New York City. It was founded in 1910 using land from Mount Prospect Park in central Brooklyn, adjacent to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Museum. The 52-acre (21 ha) garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and has nearly a million visitors each year. It includes a number of specialty "gardens within the Garden", plant collections, the Steinhardt Conservatory that houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron-and-glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.

Brooklyn Museum

Brooklyn Museum

The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At 560,000 square feet (52,000 m2), the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 500,000 objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown Heights, Flatbush, and Park Slope neighborhoods of Brooklyn, the museum's Beaux-Arts building was designed by McKim, Mead and White.

Brooklyn Children's Museum

Brooklyn Children's Museum

The Brooklyn Children's Museum is a children's museum in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City. Founded in 1899, it is the first children's museum in the United States – and according to some, the first one worldwide. It is unusual in its location in what is predominantly a residential area. Housed in a multi-level underground gallery, the museum underwent an expansion and renovation to double its space, reopened on September 20, 2008, and became the first green museum in New York City.

Jewish Children's Museum

Jewish Children's Museum

The Jewish Children's Museum is the largest Jewish-themed children's museum in the United States. It aims for children of all faiths and backgrounds to gain a positive perspective and awareness of the Jewish heritage, fostering tolerance and understanding. The permanent collection features exhibits designed to be both educational and entertaining to children, often employing interactive multimedia. At the miniature golf course on the roof, for example, each hole represents a stage in Jewish life.

Weeksville Heritage Center

Weeksville Heritage Center

The Weeksville Heritage Center is a historic site on Buffalo Avenue between St. Marks Avenue and Bergen Street in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City. It is dedicated to the preservation of Weeksville, one of America's first free black communities during the 19th century. Within this community, the residents established schools, churches and benevolent associations and were active in the abolitionist movement. Weeksville is a historic settlement of national significance and one of the few remaining historical sites of pre-Civil War African-American communities.

Prospect Park (Brooklyn)

Prospect Park (Brooklyn)

Prospect Park is an urban park in Brooklyn, New York City. The park is situated between the neighborhoods of Park Slope, Prospect Heights, Prospect Lefferts Gardens, Flatbush, and Windsor Terrace, and is adjacent to the Brooklyn Museum, Grand Army Plaza, and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. With an area of 526 acres (213 ha), Prospect Park is the second largest public park in Brooklyn, behind Marine Park.

Mount Prospect Park

Mount Prospect Park

Mount Prospect Park is a 7.79-acre (3.15 ha) park in the central portion of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It includes Mount Prospect, the second highest point in Brooklyn. It is located on Eastern Parkway near Underhill Avenue, close to Grand Army Plaza. The park is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Brower Park

Brower Park

Brower Park is a municipal park in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City. It is located between Brooklyn Avenue to the west and Kingston Avenue to the east, and between St. Marks Avenue to the north and Park Place to the south. The T-shaped park encompasses roughly 4 acres (1.6 ha) and shares a square block with the Brooklyn Children's Museum and P.S. 289 George V Brower.

Landmarks

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23rd Regiment Armory

23rd Regiment Armory

The 23rd Regiment Armory, also known as the Bedford Atlantic Armory, the Marcy Avenue Armory, and the Williamsburg Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located at 1322 Bedford Avenue between Atlantic Avenue and Pacific Street in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The building is a brick and stone castle-like structure designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was built in 1891–95 and was designed in the Romanesque Revival style by Fowler & Hough, local Brooklyn architects, and Isaac Perry, the New York state government's architect.

770 Eastern Parkway

770 Eastern Parkway

770 Eastern Parkway, also known as "770", is the street address of the World Headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States. The building is the center of the Chabad-Lubavitch world movement, and considered by many to be an iconic site in Judaism.

Hasidic Judaism

Hasidic Judaism

Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism, is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contemporary Western Ukraine during the 18th century, and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most affiliates reside in Israel and the United States.

Crown Heights North Historic District

Crown Heights North Historic District

Crown Heights North Historic District is a national historic district located in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. The district encompasses 1,019 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Brooklyn. The district features noteworthy examples of Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, Renaissance Revival, Beaux-Arts, and Colonial Revival style architecture. It largely developed between about 1853 and 1942, and consists of densely constructed rowhouses, townhouses, two-family houses, semi-attached houses, freestanding houses, flats, apartment buildings, and institutional and commercial buildings.

Ebbets Field

Ebbets Field

Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball stadium in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York. It is mainly known for having been the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team of the National League (1913–1957). It was also home to five professional football teams, including three NFL teams (1921–1948). Ebbets Field was demolished in 1960 and replaced by the Ebbets Field Apartments, the site's current occupant.

George W. Wingate High School

George W. Wingate High School

George W. Wingate High School is a defunct comprehensive high school in the Prospect Lefferts Gardens and Wingate neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York City. It opened in 1956 and was closed down in June 2006 due to poor academic performance. The school was then divided into four small schools. The school was named for George Wood Wingate, an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Wingate was the founder of the Public School Athletic League in New York City.

Weeksville Heritage Center

Weeksville Heritage Center

The Weeksville Heritage Center is a historic site on Buffalo Avenue between St. Marks Avenue and Bergen Street in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City. It is dedicated to the preservation of Weeksville, one of America's first free black communities during the 19th century. Within this community, the residents established schools, churches and benevolent associations and were active in the abolitionist movement. Weeksville is a historic settlement of national significance and one of the few remaining historical sites of pre-Civil War African-American communities.

Kol Israel Synagogue

Kol Israel Synagogue

Congregation Kol Israel is a historic Modern Orthodox synagogue at 603 St. John's Place in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. It was built in 1928 and is a vernacular "tenement synagogue." It is a small, two story rectangular building faced in random laid fieldstone. It was designed by Brooklyn architect Tobias Goldstone. The western side of its midblock lot overlooks the open cut of the Franklin Avenue Line of the New York City Subway.

Medgar Evers College

Medgar Evers College

Medgar Evers College is a public college in New York City. It is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY), offering baccalaureate and associate degrees. It was officially established in 1970 through cooperation between educators and community leaders in central Brooklyn. It is named after Medgar Wiley Evers, an African American civil rights leader who was assassinated on June 12, 1963.

Nassau Brewing Company

Nassau Brewing Company

Nassau Brewing Company, also known as the Budweiser Brewing Company of Brooklyn and Bedford Brewery, is a historic brewery complex located in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. It consists of two remaining industrial buildings dating from the 1860s to the 1880s and are in the Rundbogenstil and Romanesque Revival style. The brick buildings are two to six stories and form an "L"-shape. The buildings feature substantial underground brick vaults originally constructed for the aging of lager beer at near-freezing temperatures. The brewery closed in 1916. The earlier sections are vacant and the 1880s elements were rehabilitated as apartments and offices in the 2000s.

Park Place Historic District (Brooklyn)

Park Place Historic District (Brooklyn)

The Park Place Historic District is a small historic district located on Park Place between Bedford and Franklin Avenues in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. It consists of 13 row houses from #651 to the east to #675 to the west, which were built in 1899-90 and designed by J. Mason Kirby in a combination of the Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival styles.

St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episcopal Church and Rectory

St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episcopal Church and Rectory

St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episcopal Church and Rectory is a historic Episcopal church and rectory located at 1227 Pacific St., east of Bedford Avenue in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It was built in 1886 in the Romanesque Revival style. It is constructed of brick with stone trim and topped by a slate roof. It features a squat, battered stone tower crowned by an ogival, tiled roof. The two story brick and stone rectory features twin gables and ogival tower.

Notable people

Discover more about Notable people related topics

Abraham Abraham

Abraham Abraham

Abraham Abraham was an American businessman and the founder of the Brooklyn department store Abraham & Straus, founded 1865. The chain, which became part of Federated Department Stores, is now part of Macy's.

Abraham & Straus

Abraham & Straus

Abraham & Straus, commonly shortened to A&S, was a major New York City department store, based in Brooklyn. Founded in 1865, it became part of Federated Department Stores in 1929. Shortly after Federated's 1994 acquisition of R.H. Macy & Company, it eliminated the A&S brand. Most A&S stores took the Macy's name, although a few became part of Stern's, another Federated division, but one that offered lower-end goods than Macy's or A&S did.

Bob Arum

Bob Arum

Robert Arum is an American lawyer and boxing promoter. He is the founder and CEO of Top Rank, a professional boxing promotion company based in Las Vegas. Prior to becoming a boxing promoter, Arum was employed as an attorney in the tax division of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Abraham Beame

Abraham Beame

Abraham David Beame was an American accountant, investor, and Democratic Party politician who was the 104th mayor of New York City, in office from 1974 to 1977. As mayor, he presided over the city during the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, when the city was almost forced to declare bankruptcy.

Mayor of New York City

Mayor of New York City

The mayor of New York City, officially Mayor of the City of New York, is head of the executive branch of the government of New York City and the chief executive of New York City. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and enforces all city and state laws within New York City.

Bill Clinton

Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992, and as attorney general of Arkansas from 1977 to 1979. A member of the Democratic Party, Clinton became known as a New Democrat, as many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy. He is the husband of Hillary Clinton, who was a U.S. senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, secretary of state from 2009 to 2013 and the Democratic nominee for president in the 2016 presidential election.

James Bouknight

James Bouknight

James David Bouknight is an American professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the UConn Huskies.

Buckshot (rapper)

Buckshot (rapper)

Kenyatta Blake, known professionally as Buckshot, is an American rapper from New York, best known as a frontman of hip hop groups Black Moon and Boot Camp Clik. He is a founder of Duck Down Music record label with Drew "Dru-Ha" Friedman. He has released one solo studio album – three with producer 9th Wonder, one with KRS-One, four albums with Black Moon and four albums with the Boot Camp Clik.

Iris Cantor

Iris Cantor

Iris Cantor is a New York City and Los Angeles -based philanthropist, with a primary interest in medicine and the arts. Cited as among the 50 top contributors in the United States, as head of the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation, her foundation has donated several hundred million dollars to museums, universities and hospitals since 1978.

Clive Davis

Clive Davis

Clive Jay Davis is an American record producer, A&R executive, record executive, and lawyer. He has won five Grammy Awards and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a non-performer, in 2000.

James E. Davis (New York politician)

James E. Davis (New York politician)

James E. Davis was a New York City policeman, corrections officer and council member. He was murdered in New York City Hall by a disgruntled aspiring opponent.

Byron Donalds

Byron Donalds

Byron Lowell Donalds is an American politician and financial professional serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 19th congressional district since 2021. His district serves most of the heart of Southwest Florida, including Cape Coral, Fort Myers, Bonita Springs, Estero, and Naples.

In popular culture

Film

Television

Music

  • The 2004 song "King Without a Crown" by Matisyahu
  • The song "Act Like U Want It" by Black Moon references Franklin Avenue
  • The video "Moshpit" by Baby Keem

Discover more about In popular culture related topics

Project 2x1

Project 2x1

Project 2x1 is a 2013 American documentary film about the Hasidic and West Indian residents of Crown Heights, Brooklyn. It is shot in part using Google Glass. Project 2x1 is directed by Hannah Roodman, and produced by Lisa Campbell and Jaqueline Ratner Stauber. The film is produced by a diverse group of Crown Heights residents; the Project 2×1 film project was initially founded by Mendy Seldowitz, Hannah Roodman, Celso White and Ben Millstein.

Google Glass

Google Glass

Google Glass, or simply Glass, is a brand of smart glasses developed and sold by Google. It was developed by X, with the mission of producing a ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displays information to the wearer using a head-up display. Wearers communicate with the Internet via natural language voice commands.

Jeremy Kagan

Jeremy Kagan

Jeremy Paul Kagan is an American film and television director, screenwriter, and television producer.

Showtime (TV network)

Showtime (TV network)

Showtime is an American premium television network owned by Paramount Media Networks, and is the flagship property of the namesake parent company, Showtime Networks, a part of Paramount Media Networks. Showtime's programming primarily includes theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with boxing and mixed martial arts matches, occasional stand-up comedy specials, and made-for-TV movies.

Crown Heights (film)

Crown Heights (film)

Crown Heights is a 2017 American biographical crime drama film written and directed by Matt Ruskin. Adapted from a This American Life podcast, the film tells the true story of Colin Warner who was wrongfully convicted of murder, and how his best friend Carl King devoted his life to proving Colin's innocence. The film stars Lakeith Stanfield as Colin Warner and Nnamdi Asomugha as Carl King.

Brooklyn Babylon

Brooklyn Babylon

Brooklyn Babylon is a 2001 film written and directed by Marc Levin, and a modern retelling of the Song of Solomon, set against the backdrop of the Crown Heights riot, starring Black Thought of The Roots.

High Maintenance

High Maintenance

High Maintenance is an American anthology comedy-drama television and web series created by ex-husband and wife team Ben Sinclair and Katja Blichfeld. The show follows The Guy, a cannabis courier, as he delivers his product to clients in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Each episode focuses on different characters as their lives intersect with The Guy. The full series consists of six web series followed by four television seasons, released from November 2012 to April 2020.

Matisyahu

Matisyahu

Matthew Paul Miller, known by his stage name Matisyahu, is an American reggae singer, rapper, beatboxer, and alternative rock musician.

Black Moon (group)

Black Moon (group)

Black Moon ‎ is an American underground hip hop group from Brooklyn, New York City. Formed in the early '90s by rappers Buckshot, 5ft and record producer DJ Evil Dee, they first debuted in 1992 with the release of the single "Who Got the Props?". The group was most notable for their debut album Enta da Stage, and their affiliation with the Boot Camp Clik. As of 2019, the group has released four studio albums.

Baby Keem

Baby Keem

Hykeem Jamaal Carter Jr., known professionally as Baby Keem, is an American rapper and record producer. He initially gained major recognition following the release of his single "Orange Soda", from his second mixtape Die for My Bitch (2019). He would later collaborate with Kanye West on the song "Praise God", which reached the top 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and was certified Platinum in April 2022.

Source: "Crown Heights, Brooklyn", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 5th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn.

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  96. ^ Goldstein, Patrick. "The Wheeler-Dealer of Rock ‘n’ Roll", Los Angeles Times, November 22, 1998. Accessed August 24, 2021. "Even in his baby pictures, Grubman has the look of a lovable rogue, a young man with a Sammy Glick-sized hunger for success. Growing up in the then-heavily Jewish neighborhood of Crown Heights in Brooklyn, he was obsessed with show business."
  97. ^ Haberman, Maggie. "Our Woman in New York: Primary Day, at Last", The New York Times, April 19, 2016. Accessed February 3, 2022. "A native of the Upper West Side who lives in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, she has covered 10 election cycles, from mayoral contests to presidential campaigns, including the 2016 race, which turns to New York on Tuesday for its primary. Join us for live primary updates."
  98. ^ Alli, Chanel. "Crown Heights’s Jamie Hector of HBO’s The Wire runs organization for young actors", BK Reader, April 15, 2016. Accessed January 31, 2022. "When choosing an area to house this dynamic organization, Hector choose to go back to his roots as he explains that he grew up in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn."
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  100. ^ Murphy, Anne. "The Accountant Is In; Regina Herzlinger ‘65 has strong medicine for the health-care industry.", MIT Technology Review, March 12, 2007. Accessed February 3, 2022. "When Regina Elbinger left Crown Heights, Brooklyn, in 1961, having been voted most outstanding senior at her small Orthodox yeshiva, she was the first girl from the school to attend MIT or even, she says, to leave the confines of her immigrant Jewish enclave."
  101. ^ "Rabbi and wife killed at Mumbai Jewish center", Reuters, November 28, 2008. Accessed August 24, 2021. "Gavriel Holtzberg, 29, was born in Israel and moved to the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn with his parents when he was nine."
  102. ^ Chandler, Kisha. "JI The Prince of New York; Claiming The Throne of the Streets of New York", The Next Level. Accessed January 31, 2022. "Growing up in Crown Heights, he found that music ran through his veins and he had a story to tell so he would practice freestylin’ with his brothers."
  103. ^ Spirer, Alexandra. "Rabbi Simon Jacobson of The Meaningful Life Center: 5 Steps That Each Of Us Can Take To Proactively Help Heal Our Country", Authority Magazine, October 28, 2020. Accessed August 24, 2021. "Iwas born and raised in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. Both my parents immigrated to the USA from the former Soviet Union after WWII."
  104. ^ Resnick, Molly. "'My Aim Is To Unlock Minds, Not To Win Arguments': An Interview with Renowned Lecturer Rabbi YY Jacobson", The Jewish Press, January 23, 2019. Accessed August 24, 2021. "The Jewish Press: Please tell us a bit about your background. Rabbi Jacobson: I was born and raised in Crown Heights."
  105. ^ Frey, Kevin. "'Adversity makes you stronger': Brooklyn's Hakeem Jeffries poised to become House Democrats' leader", NY1, November 30, 2022. Accessed January 29, 2023. "Jeffries was raised in Crown Heights and is a graduate of New York City public schools. He said growing up in Brooklyn taught him how to confront adversity. 'That was certainly the case for me coming of age as someone from Crown Heights in the midst of the crack-cocaine epidemic,' he said."
  106. ^ Ellin, Abby. "When a Child’s Anxieties Need Sorting", The New York Times, June 3, 2011. Accessed January 31, 2022. "When the 10-year-old son of Brooke Garber Neidich, a chairwoman at the Whitney Museum, was having difficulty in school, there was only one person who was able to give him a proper diagnosis: Dr. Harold Koplewicz.... He was born in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, a son of Holocaust survivors."
  107. ^ Kendall, Laurie. "Carol Laderman (1932-2010)", American Anthropologist, Vol. 113, No. 2., published 2011. Accessed August 24, 2021. "Carol Ciavati was born on October 25, 1932, in the Crown Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York."
  108. ^ Ahmed, Insanul. "50 Things You Didn't Know About Nas", Complex, December 3, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2017. "He lived in Crown Heights, Brooklyn before he lived in Queensbridge."
  109. ^ McGrath, Charles. "Norman Mailer, Towering Writer With a Matching Ego, Dies at 84", The New York Times, November 11, 2007. Accessed November 1, 2017. "When Norman was 9, the family moved to Crown Heights, in Brooklyn. Pampered and doted on, he excelled at both Public School 161 and Boys High School, from which he graduated in 1939."
  110. ^ Mead, Rebecca. "Mr. Brooklyn; Marty Markowitz-the man, the plan, the arena.", The New Yorker, April 25, 2005. Accessed August 3, 2016. "Markowitz was one of those Brooklyn children who rarely went to Manhattan: he grew up in Crown Heights, where his father worked as a waiter in a kosher delicatessen; his main entertainment was hanging out on the streets with other kids. His father died when he was nine, and several years later Markowitz's widowed mother moved to public housing in Sheepshead Bay with Marty and his two younger sisters."
  111. ^ Morrison, Tim. "Matisyahu: The Former 'Hasidic Reggae Superstar' Talks to Time; His trademark beard and forelocks are gone, and his music is taking a new direction. Matisyahu tells Time about his new album, his faith and how he defines himself now.", Time, July 16, 2012. Accessed November 1, 2017. "It's been a year of transition for Matisyahu. Since the beginning of 2011 he's gone from being primarily known for his blistering, rock-influenced live reggae shows to the man behind the global pop anthem 'One Day' — NBC's official song of the Vancouver Olympics. He's left behind the Hasidic Jewish enclave of Crown Heights, Brooklyn, and moved to Los Angeles."
  112. ^ Telpha, Carol. "Neighborhoods: Close-Up on Crown Heights Archived December 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine", The Village Voice, December 12, 2002. Accessed October 18, 2007. "Actress and singer Stephanie Mills and rapper Skoob of Das EFX are Crown Heights natives."
  113. ^ "White Boy: A Memoir", Publishers Weekly. Accessed February 3, 2022. "Growing up in then mostly Jewish and Italian Crown Heights, Brooklyn, in the 1950s and '60s, Naison saw white flight transform his neighborhood and make his previously liberal Jewish parents openly racist."
  114. ^ Smith, Roberta. "Linda Nochlin, 86, Groundbreaking Feminist Art Historian, Is Dead", The New York Times, November 1, 2017. Accessed November 1, 2017. "She was born Linda Natalie Weinberg on Jan. 30, 1931, in Brooklyn and grew up in Crown Heights as a member of a wealthy extended family."
  115. ^ Beyer, Gregory. "Comedy Central, by Way of the Torah", The New York Times. January 13, 2008. Accessed November 1, 2017. "Mr. Pellin, a garrulous 25-year-old, was beginning yet another segment as the host of The Mendy Report, an Internet news broadcast on the Web site ChabadTube.com. He runs the broadcast out of his childhood bedroom, now cluttered with production lights and videotape cassettes, in his family's fourth-floor walk-up apartment on Kingston Avenue in a Hasidic enclave of Crown Heights, Brooklyn."
  116. ^ Tavernise, Sabrina. "Mary Pinkett, First Black Councilwoman, 72", The New York Times, December 5, 2003. Accessed February 3, 2022. "Mrs. Pinkett, whose maiden name was Glover, lived her entire life in Brooklyn. She spent her childhood in Crown Heights, attended Brooklyn College and later moved to Clinton Hill."
  117. ^ "Dutch Jews investigate Brooklyn rabbi on molestation charges", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, January 8, 2018. Accessed January 29, 2023. "That year, Meyer Seewald, a Crown Heights activist against accused child molesters in religious Jewish communities, published an online account of the alleged abuse he says he suffered in 2000 as a boy attending a summer camp belonging to the Chabad-run Gan Israel Camping Network, where Levine had worked as a counselor."
  118. ^ Staff. (November 19, 2015 ) "Rabbi Receives No-Jail Sentence in Forced 'Get' Case", Crown Heights.info. Accessed July 9, 2019.
  119. ^ Ogunnaike, Lola. "Rapper Didn't Beat the Rap, but He Gets a Record Deal", The New York Times, April 19, 2004. Accessed January 29, 2023. "Born Jamal Barrow in Belize and reared in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, Shyne was discovered rapping in a Brooklyn barbershop by a local talent scout."
  120. ^ Martin, Douglas. "Carl Sigman, 91, Songsmith Who Made Generations Hum", The New York Times, September 30, 2000. Accessed January 17, 2022. "Carl Sigman was born on Sept. 24, 1909, in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn."
  121. ^ Carlson, Jen. "Beverly Sills, 1929-2007", Gothamist, July 3, 2007. Accessed January 17, 2022. "Sills, born Belle Miriam Silverman (and called 'Bubbles' in her youth), was a Brooklyn-born soprano, and one of the best known American opera singers. Raised in Crown Heights, the first of many apartments she recalled living in was a one-bedroom, shared by her parents and two older brothers."
  122. ^ "Feb 18: Brooklyn Black History Maker, Dr. Susan McKinney Steward", Brooklyn Reader, February 18, 2021. Accessed January 17, 2022. "A true American pioneer, Dr. Susan McKinney Steward was the first Black woman to earn a medical degree in the state of New York. Born in Crown Heights, then known as Crown Hill, in 1847, McKinney Steward was the seventh of ten children born to Sylvanus and Anne Smith, early settlers of Weeksville and prosperous pork farmers."
  123. ^ Harshbarger, Rebecca. "Reddit founder Aaron Swartz found dead in suicide at Brooklyn apartment", New York Post, January 13, 2013. Accessed January 17, 2022. "The Internet genius behind the popular Web site Reddit.com committed suicide at his Brooklyn home, police sources and friends said. Cops found Aaron Swartz, 26, unconscious at 9:30 a.m. Friday in the bedroom of his Sullivan Place apartment building in Crown Heights, law-enforcement sources said."
  124. ^ Martin, Douglas. "William Taylor, Vigorous Rights Defender, Dies at 78", The New York Times, June 29, 2010. Accessed June 30, 2010.
  125. ^ Miller, Rochelle Maruch. "Yoni Z.: Raising the Bar In Jewish Music", Five Towns Jewish Times, October 3, 2018. Accessed November 21, 2018. "Although the journey to success was long and challenging, the congenial Crown Heights resident, who is a member of the Chabad community, remained undeterred."
  126. ^ Sharp, Sonja. Crown Heights Documentary Claims to be First Ever Shot With Google Glass. DNAInfo.com. Oct 7, 2013. Archived November 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
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