Get Our Extension
Select Wikiz in another Language
DeutschEspañolSuomiFrançaisעבריתItalianoNederlands
Settings
A
A
Text Highlights
Notes/Citations
Edit on Wikipedia

Share This Article

About Wikiz About Us Cookies Policy Terms & Services Privacy Policy Contact Contact us Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA
Enjoying Wikipedia Content? DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA

Coupe

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
This article is about the car body style. For other uses, see Coupe (disambiguation).
Infiniti Q60 luxury coupé
Infiniti Q60 luxury coupé
Look up coupe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A coupe or coupé (/kuːˈpeɪ/, also US: /kuːp/) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and two doors.[1][2]

The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats.[3][4] It comes from the French past participle of couper, "cut".[3]

Etymology and pronunciation

Coupé (French pronunciation: ​[kupe]) is based on the past participle of the French verb couper ("to cut") and thus indicates a car which has been "cut" or made shorter than standard.[3] It was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats.[4] These berlines coupés[5] or carrosses coupés ("clipped carriages") were eventually clipped to coupés.[6]

There are two common pronunciations in English:

Discover more about Etymology and pronunciation related topics

Horse

Horse

The horse is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.

Carriage

Carriage

A carriage is a private four-wheeled vehicle for people and is most commonly horse-drawn. Second-hand private carriages were common public transport, the equivalent of modern cars used as taxis. Carriage suspensions are by leather strapping and, on those made in recent centuries, steel springs. Two-wheeled carriages are informal and usually owner-driven.

Clipping (phonetics)

Clipping (phonetics)

In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel. A clipped vowel is pronounced more quickly than an unclipped vowel and is often also reduced.

Anglicisation

Anglicisation

Anglicisation is a form of cultural assimilation whereby something non-English becomes assimilated into, influenced by or dominated by Englishness or Britishness. It can be socio-cultural, where a non-English person, people or place adopt(s) the English language or English customs; institutional, where institutions are modified to resemble or replaced with the institutions of England or the United Kingdom; or linguistic, where a foreign term or name is altered to become easier to say in English. It can also refer to the influence of English culture and business on other countries outside England or the United Kingdom, including media, cuisine, popular culture, technology, business practices, laws, or political systems.

Spelling pronunciation

Spelling pronunciation

A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling when this differs from a longstanding standard or traditional pronunciation. Words that are spelled with letters that were never pronounced or that were not pronounced for many generations or even hundreds of years have increasingly been pronounced as written, especially since the arrival of mandatory schooling and universal literacy.

Little Deuce Coupe (song)

Little Deuce Coupe (song)

"Little Deuce Coupe" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Roger Christian. The song first appeared as the B-side to The Beach Boys' 1963 single "Surfer Girl". The car referred to is the 1932 Ford Model 18. "Little Deuce Coupe" became The Beach Boys' highest charting B-side, peaking on September 28, 1963, at No. 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Definition

1955 Cadillac Coupe de Ville
1955 Cadillac Coupe de Ville

A coupe is a fixed-roof car with a sloping rear roofline and one or two rows of seats. However, there is some debate surrounding whether a coupe must have two doors for passenger egress[10][11][12] or whether cars with four doors can also be considered coupes.[13] This debate has arisen since the early 2000s, when four-door cars such as the Mazda RX-8 and Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class have been marketed as "four-door coupes" or "quad coupes", although the Rover P5 was a much earlier example, with a variant introduced in 1962 having a lower, sleeker roofline marketed as the Rover P5 Coupé.

In the 1940s and 1950s, coupes were distinguished from sedans by their shorter roof area and sportier profile.[14] Similarly, in more recent times, when a model is sold in both coupe and sedan body styles, generally the coupe is sportier and more compact.[4][15][16]

The 1977 version of International Standard ISO 3833—Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions—defines a coupe as having two doors (along with a fixed roof, usually with limited rear volume, at least two seats in at least one row and at least two side windows).[17] On the other hand, the United States Society of Automotive Engineers publication J1100[18] does not specify the number of doors, instead defining a coupe as having a rear interior volume of less than 33 cu ft (934 L).[4][15]

The definition of coupe started to blur when manufacturers began to produce cars with a 2+2 body style (which have a sleek, sloping roofline, two doors, and two functional seats up front, plus two small seats in the back)[19].[20]

Some manufacturers also blur the definition of a coupe by applying this description to models featuring a hatchback or a rear cargo area access door that opens upwards.[21][22] Most often also featuring a fold-down back seat, the hatchback or liftback layout of these cars improves their practicality and cargo room.[23]

Discover more about Definition related topics

Cadillac de Ville series

Cadillac de Ville series

The Cadillac DeVille is the nameplate used by Cadillac over eight generations, originally used to designate a trim level of the 1949 Cadillac Series 62 and later to designate a standalone model in the brand range. The last model marketed specifically as a DeVille was the 2005 full-size sedan, at the time, Cadillac's largest model.

Mazda RX-8

Mazda RX-8

The Mazda RX-8 is a sports car manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda between 2002 and 2012. It was first shown in 2001 at the North American International Auto Show. It is the successor to the RX-7 and, like its predecessors in the RX range, it is powered by a rotary Wankel engine. The RX-8 was available for sale in North America from the 2003 model year.

Rover P5

Rover P5

The Rover P5 is a series of large saloon and coupé automobiles that were produced by Rover from 1958 until 1973. The models were marketed under the names Rover 3 Litre, Rover 3.5 Litre and Rover 3½ Litre.

Sedan (automobile)

Sedan (automobile)

A sedan or saloon is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate compartments for an engine, passengers, and cargo. The first recorded use of sedan in reference to an automobile body occurred in 1912. The name derives from the 17th-century litter known as a sedan chair, a one-person enclosed box with windows and carried by porters. Variations of the sedan style include the close-coupled sedan, club sedan, convertible sedan, fastback sedan, hardtop sedan, notchback sedan, and sedanet/sedanette.

International Organization for Standardization

International Organization for Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes.

2+2 (car body style)

2+2 (car body style)

A 2+2 is a version of the coupé car-body style that has a seat each for the driver and front passenger, and two rear seats. The latter may be individual "bucket" seats, fold-downs, or a full-width "bucketed" bench seat, but always with less leg room than either the front or a standard 2-door car. The style is different from 4 or 5 seat versions that have normal size rear seats. Some manufacturers which sell coupés without rear seats often market the car as "2+2"

Hatchback

Hatchback

A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to the main interior of the car as a cargo area rather than just to a separated trunk. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second-row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume. Hatchbacks may feature two- or three-box design.

Horse-drawn carriages

Example of a coupe carriage
Example of a coupe carriage

The coupe body style originated from the berline horse-drawn carriage. The coupe version of the berline was introduced in the 18th century as a shortened ("cut") version with no rear-facing seat.[5][24][25][26] Normally, a coupe had a fixed glass window in the front of the passenger compartment.[27] The coupe was considered an ideal vehicle for women to use to go shopping or to make social visits.[28]

History

The early coupe automobile's passenger compartment followed in general conception the design of horse-drawn coupes,[29] with the driver in the open at the front and an enclosure behind him for two passengers on one bench seat.[30][31] The French variant for this word thus denoted a car with a small passenger compartment.[29]

By the 1910s, the term had evolved to denote a two-door car with the driver and up to two passengers in an enclosure with a single bench seat.[32][33] The coupé de ville, or coupe chauffeur, was an exception, retaining the open driver's section at front.[34]

In 1916, the Society of Automobile Engineers suggested nomenclature for car bodies that included the following:[33][35]

Coupe: An enclosed car operated from the inside with seats for two or three and sometimes a backward-facing fourth seat.

Coupelet: A small car seating two or three with a folding top and full height doors with fully retractable windows.

Convertible coupe: A roadster with a removable coupe roof.

During the 20th century, the term coupe was applied to various close-coupled cars (where the rear seat that is located further forward than usual and the front seat further back than usual).[36][37]

Since the 1960s the term coupe has generally referred to a two-door car with a fixed roof.[38]

Since 2005, several models with four doors have been marketed as "four-door coupes", however reactions are mixed about whether these models are actually sedans instead of coupes.[39][40][41] According to Edmunds, an American automotive guide, "the four-door coupe category doesn't really exist."[42]

Discover more about History related topics

Bench seat

Bench seat

A bench seat is a full width continuous pad forming the front seat of automobiles. The second row of seating in most sedans is usually a bench. The third row of most SUVs and minivans, which may be forward-facing or rear-facing, is also a bench seat.

Coupé de ville

Coupé de ville

Coupé de ville — also known as town car or sedanca de ville — is a car body style produced from 1908 to 1939 with an external or open-topped driver's position and an enclosed compartment for passengers. Although the different terms may have once had specific meanings for certain car manufacturers or countries, the terms are often used interchangeably.

SAE International

SAE International

SAE International, formerly named the Society of Automotive Engineers, is a United States-based, globally active professional association and standards developing organization for engineering professionals in various industries. SAE International's world headquarters is in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 20 miles north of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Principal emphasis is placed on global transport industries such as aerospace, automotive, and commercial vehicles. The organization adopted the name SAE International to reflect the broader emphasis on mobility.

Roadster (automobile)

Roadster (automobile)

A roadster is an open two-seat car with emphasis on sporting appearance or character. Initially an American term for a two-seat car with no weather protection, usage has spread internationally and has evolved to include two-seat convertibles.

Edmunds (company)

Edmunds (company)

Edmunds.com Inc. is an American online resource for automotive inventory and information, including expert car reviews based on testing at the company's private facility. The company is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, and maintains an office in downtown Detroit, Michigan. After making a minority investment, Carmax purchased the whole company at an enterprise value of $404 million in 2021.

Variations

Berlinetta

Main article: Berlinetta

A berlinetta is a lightweight sporty two-door car, typically with two-seats but also including 2+2 cars.[43]

Club coupe

A club coupe is a two-door car with a larger rear-seat passenger area,[4] compared with the smaller rear-seat area in a 2+2 body style.

Hardtop coupe

A hardtop coupe is a two-door car that lacks a structural pillar ("B" pillar) between the front and rear side windows. When these windows are lowered, the effect is like that of a convertible coupe with the windows down.[44] The hardtop body style was popular in the United States from the early 1950s until the 1970s. It was also available in European and Japanese markets.[45][46] Safety regulations for roof structures to protect passengers in a rollover were proposed, limiting development of new models.[47] The hardtop body style went out of style with consumers while the automakers focused on cost reduction and increasing efficiencies.[44]

Combi coupé

Main article: Combi coupé

Saab used the term "combi coupé" for a car body similar to the liftback.[48]

A 1936 Packard One-Twenty business coupe
A 1936 Packard One-Twenty business coupe

Business coupe

A two-door car with no rear seat or with a removable rear seat intended for traveling salespeople and other vendors carrying their wares with them. American manufacturers developed this style of a coupe in the late 1930s.[49]

Four-door coupe / quad coupe

A four-door fastback car with a coupe-like roofline at the rear. The low-roof design reduces back-seat passenger access and headroom.[50] The designation was first used for the low-roof model of the 1962–1973 Rover P5,[51] followed by the 1992–1996 Nissan Leopard / Infiniti J30.[52] Recent examples include the 2005 Mercedes-Benz CLS, 2010 Audi A7 , Volkswagen Arteon, and 2012 BMW 6 Series Gran Coupe.[53][54][55]

Similarly, several cars with one or two small rear doors for rear seat passenger egress and no B-pillar have been marketed as "quad coupes". For example, the 2003 Saturn Ion and 2003 Mazda RX-8.

1976 Volkswagen Scirocco, a 3-door hatchback with coupe-inspired styling
1976 Volkswagen Scirocco, a 3-door hatchback with coupe-inspired styling

Three-door coupe

Particularly popular in Europe, many cars are designed with coupe styling, but a three-door hatchback/liftback layout to improve practicality, including cars such as the Jaguar E-Type, Mitsubishi 3000GT, Datsun 240Z, Toyota Supra, Mazda RX-7, Alfa Romeo Brera,[56] Ford/Mercury Cougar[57] and Volkswagen Scirocco.[58]

Opera coupe

A two-door designed for driving to the opera with easy access to the rear seats. Features sometimes included a folding front seat next to the driver[59][60] or a compartment to store top hats.[61]

Often they would have solid rear-quarter panels, with small, circular windows, to enable the occupants to see out without being seen. These opera windows were revived on many U.S. automobiles during the 1970s and early 1980s.[62]

Three-window coupe

The three-window coupe (commonly just "three-window") is a style of automobile characterized by two side windows and a backlight (rear window).[63] The front windscreens are not counted. The three-window coupe has a distinct difference from the five-window coupe, which has an additional window on each side behind the front doors.[64] These two-door cars typically have small-sized bodies with only a front seat and an occasional small rear seat.[65]

The style was popular from the 1920s until the beginning of World War II. While many manufacturers produced three-window coupes, the 1932 Ford coupe is often considered the classic hot rod.[66][67][68]

Coupe SUV

Main article: Coupe SUV

Some SUVs or crossovers with sloping rear rooflines are marketed as "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have four side doors for passenger egress to the seats and rear hatches for cargo area access.

Discover more about Variations related topics

Berlinetta

Berlinetta

A berlinetta is a sports coupé, typically with two seats but also including 2+2 cars. The original meaning for berlinetta in Italian is “little saloon”. Introduced in the 1930s, the term was popularised by Ferrari in the 1950s. Maserati, Opel, Alfa Romeo, and other European car manufacturers have also used the Berlinetta label. In America, Chevrolet also produced a version of the Camaro called the Berlinetta, from 1979 to 1986. The Berlinetta model was marketed as having a luxury focus, through interior features and softer suspension.

2+2 (car body style)

2+2 (car body style)

A 2+2 is a version of the coupé car-body style that has a seat each for the driver and front passenger, and two rear seats. The latter may be individual "bucket" seats, fold-downs, or a full-width "bucketed" bench seat, but always with less leg room than either the front or a standard 2-door car. The style is different from 4 or 5 seat versions that have normal size rear seats. Some manufacturers which sell coupés without rear seats often market the car as "2+2"

Hardtop

Hardtop

A hardtop is a rigid form of automobile roof, typically metal, and integral to the design, strength, and style of the vehicle.

Combi coupé

Combi coupé

Combi coupé is a marketing term used by Saab to describe cars with a sloping coupé-like rear hatchback. The term joins the European term "combi" with coupé.

Liftback

Liftback

A liftback is a variation of hatchback with a sloping roofline between 45 and 5 degrees. Traditional hatchback designs usually have a 90 to 46 degree slope on the tailgate or rear door. As such the liftback is essentially a hatchback with a more sloping roof, similar to sedans/saloons from a styling perspective. Some liftbacks may also have an appearance similar to a coupe but with a tailgate hinged at the roof that is lifted to open.

Packard One-Twenty

Packard One-Twenty

The Packard Twelfth Series One-Twenty is an automobile produced by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan, from 1935 to 1937 and from 1939 through the 1941 model years. The One-Twenty model designation was derived from the wheelbase, and it was replaced by the Packard 200.

Fastback

Fastback

A fastback is an automotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail. The kammback is a type of fastback style.

Nissan Leopard

Nissan Leopard

The Nissan Leopard is a line of sport/luxury cars built by Japanese carmaker Nissan. The Leopard began life in 1980 and was discontinued in 1999. The Leopard were initially based on the Japanese market Nissan Skyline and Nissan Laurel, then later based on the chassis of their Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria contemporaries and were rear wheel drive. Final versions were the contributing factors to Nissan's Infiniti M and J products.

Audi A7

Audi A7

The Audi A7 is an executive luxury five-door liftback coupé produced by Audi since 2010. Also available as a three-box, four-door saloon in China since 2021, it features a sloping roofline with a steeply raked rear window and integrated boot lid, and four frameless doors.

Mazda RX-8

Mazda RX-8

The Mazda RX-8 is a sports car manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda between 2002 and 2012. It was first shown in 2001 at the North American International Auto Show. It is the successor to the RX-7 and, like its predecessors in the RX range, it is powered by a rotary Wankel engine. The RX-8 was available for sale in North America from the 2003 model year.

Jaguar E-Type

Jaguar E-Type

The Jaguar E-Type, or the Jaguar XK-E for the North American market, is a British sports car that was manufactured by Jaguar Cars Ltd between 1961 and 1974. Its combination of beauty, high performance, and competitive pricing established the model as an icon of the motoring world. The E-Type's claimed 150 mph (241 km/h) top speed, sub-7-second 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration, unitary construction, disc brakes, rack-and-pinion steering, and independent front and rear suspension distinguished the car and spurred industry-wide changes.

Mitsubishi 3000GT

Mitsubishi 3000GT

The Mitsubishi GTO is a front-engine, all-wheel/front-wheel drive grand touring/sports car manufactured and marketed by Mitsubishi from 1990 until 2000 over three different generations. Manufactured in a three-door hatchback coupé body style in Nagoya, Japan, the 2+2 four-seaters were marketed in the Japanese domestic market (JDM) as the GTO, and globally as Mitsubishi 3000GT. In North America, it was sold both as the Mitsubishi 3000GT (1991–1999) and the Dodge Stealth (1991–1996), a badge engineered, mechanically identical captive import. As a collaborative effort between Chrysler and Mitsubishi Motors, Chrysler was responsible for the Stealth's exterior styling.

Positioning in model range

1974–1978 AMC Matador coupe
1974–1978 AMC Matador coupe

In the United States, some coupes are "simply line-extenders two-door variants of family sedans", while others have significant differences to their four-door counterparts.[69]

The AMC Matador coupe (1974–1978) has a shorter wheelbase with a distinct aerodynamic design and fastback styling, sharing almost nothing with the conventional three-box design and more "conservative" four-door versions.[70][71][72]

Similarly, the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Stratus coupes and sedans (late-1990 through 2000s), have little in common except their names.[73] The coupes were engineered by Mitsubishi and built in Illinois, while the sedans were developed by Chrysler and built in Michigan.[74] Some coupes may share platforms with contemporary sedans.

Coupes may also exist as model lines in their own right, either closely related to other models, but named differently – such as the Alfa Romeo GT or Infiniti Q60 – or have little engineering in common with other vehicles from the manufacturer – such as the Toyota GT86.

Discover more about Positioning in model range related topics

AMC Matador

AMC Matador

The AMC Matador is a car model line that was manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) across two generations, 1971–1973 (mid-size) and 1974–1978 (full-size), in two-door hardtop and coupe versions as well as in four-door sedan and station wagon body styles.

Car body configurations

Car body configurations

The configuration of a car body is typically determined by the layout of the engine, passenger and luggage compartments, which can be shared or separately articulated. A key design feature is the car's roof-supporting pillars, designated from front to rear of the car as A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar and D-pillar.

Chrysler Sebring

Chrysler Sebring

The Chrysler Sebring is a line of mid-size automobiles that was sold from 1995 through 2010 by Chrysler. Three generations of convertibles, two generations of sedans, and two generations of coupes were produced. Although the coupe shared the same name and some styling cues, it was mechanically unrelated to the other Sebring models.

Dodge Stratus

Dodge Stratus

The Dodge Stratus is a mid-size car that was introduced by Dodge in December 1994 and was based on the 4-door sedan Chrysler JA platform. The Stratus, Plymouth Breeze, and Chrysler Cirrus were all on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1996 and 1997. It received critical acclaim at launch, but ratings fell over time. An updated version of the Stratus was introduced for 2001, with the Cirrus being renamed as the Chrysler Sebring, and a coupé model was also added to the range. Production ended in early 2006 at the Sterling Heights Assembly Plant after building 1,308,123 Stratus and Sebrings since 2000.

Alfa Romeo GT

Alfa Romeo GT

The Alfa Romeo GT is a coupe automobile that was produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 2003 and 2010. The GT was introduced in March 2003 at the Geneva Motor Show. Production commenced on 28 November 2003, the GT was built at the Pomigliano plant, alongside the 147 and 159. A total of 80,832 units were produced.

Infiniti Q60

Infiniti Q60

The Infiniti Q60 is a 2-door sport luxury coupe manufactured by Japanese automaker Infiniti. It is the successor to the Infiniti G coupe and convertible. The Q60 nameplate was first used as a rebranding of Infiniti G coupes. A new version was introduced in early 2016, as a 2017 model.

Gallery

Discover more about Gallery related topics

1932 Ford

1932 Ford

The term 1932 Ford may refer to three models of automobile produced by Ford Motors between 1932 and 1934: the Model B, the Model 18, and the Model 40. These succeeded the Model A. The Model B had an updated four-cylinder engine and was available from 1932 to 1934. The V8 was available in the Model 18 in 1932, and in the Model 40 in 1933 & 1934. The 18 was the first Ford fitted with the flathead V-8. The company also replaced the Model AA truck with the Model BB, available with either the four- or eight-cylinder engine.

Saab 900

Saab 900

The Saab 900 is a mid-sized automobile which was produced by Saab from 1978 until 1998 in two generations; the first from 1978 to 1993, and the second from 1994 to 1998.

Mazda RX-8

Mazda RX-8

The Mazda RX-8 is a sports car manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda between 2002 and 2012. It was first shown in 2001 at the North American International Auto Show. It is the successor to the RX-7 and, like its predecessors in the RX range, it is powered by a rotary Wankel engine. The RX-8 was available for sale in North America from the 2003 model year.

Bentley

Bentley

Bentley Motors Limited is a British designer, manufacturer and marketer of luxury cars and SUVs. Headquartered in Crewe, England, the company was founded as Bentley Motors Limited by W. O. Bentley (1888–1971) in 1919 in Cricklewood, North London, and became widely known for winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1924, 1927, 1928, 1929 and 1930. Bentley has been a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group since 1998 and consolidated under VW's premium brand arm Audi since 2022.

Source: "Coupe", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, February 10th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

Download Extension

Further Reading

Station wagon

Convertible

Hatchback

Sedan (automobile)

Chevrolet Bel Air

Coupé de ville

Mercury Cougar

Hardtop

Fastback

Liftback

Pontiac Ventura

Mercury Park Lane

Studebaker Starlight

Phaeton body

Opera window

Brougham (car body)

Mercury Marauder
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coupes.
References
  1. ^ Brandt, Eric (28 November 2017). "For the Last Time, a Coupe Is a Car With Two Doors". Autotrader. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  2. ^ Lindland, Rebecca (23 March 2020). "What Is a Coupe Car?". J.D. Power. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "Coach Building Terminology". Coachbuilt.com. 2004. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e Adolphus, David Traver (March 2007). "Club Coupes - If you think you know what a Club Coupe is, think again". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  5. ^ a b Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Illustrations by Bertil Nydén. McFarland. pp. 16, 18, 20, 50. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. LCCN 2002014546.
  6. ^ a b "coupé, n.3", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1893.
  7. ^ "coupé", Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, retrieved 30 August 2020 and pronounced as one syllable.
  8. ^ "Porsche Actually Made a Video on How to Pronounce Its Name". roadandtrack.com. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  9. ^ Mencken, Henry L. (1936). The American Language (4th ed.). p. 347. I have... heard... coop for coupé
  10. ^ "For the Last Time, a Coupe Is a Car With Two Doors". autotrader.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  11. ^ "A Sedan or a Coupe: What's the difference?". middletownhonda.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  12. ^ Stewart, Jack. "Range Rover's $295K Coupe SUV Proves No Niche Is Too Small". Wired. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Sedan vs. Coupe Cars: Meaning, Definition & Differences". automoblog.net. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  14. ^ Breitenstein, Jeff (2004). The ultimate hot rod dictionary : a-bombs to zoomies. Motorbooks International. p. 55. ISBN 9780760318232. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  15. ^ a b "Coupe – Coupe Body Style – Two Door Coupe". autobytel.com. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  16. ^ "Coupé". Random House Kernerman Webster’s College Dictionary. 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  17. ^ Technical Committee ISO/TC22, Road vehicles (1 December 1977), ISO 3833-1977: Road vehicles – Types – Terms and definitions (ISO International Standard) (Second ed.), Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization, Clause 3.1.1.5
  18. ^ "J1100: Motor Vehicle Dimensions - SAE International". sae.org. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  19. ^ Jack (28 December 2022). "What is a Coupe Car". USACoupe. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  20. ^ Weber, Bob (26 August 2017). "What is the difference between coupe and sedan?". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  21. ^ "hatchback - definition by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. n.d. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Hatchback - Definition from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  23. ^ Collins, Dan (4 February 2020). "Best Hatchbacks". Carbibles. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  24. ^ Adolphus, David Traver (March 2007). "Club Coupes - If you think you know what a Club Coupe is, think again". Hemmings Classic Car. Retrieved 30 March 2020. Coupé (some designers still insist on the 'koo-pay' pronunciation) is the French verb meaning 'to cut,' and it was first applied to 19th Century carriages, where the rear-facing seats had been eliminated, or cut out.
  25. ^ Haajanen (2017, p. 52). "When the Berline body was shortened the Berline Coupe, or just Coupe, resulted."
  26. ^ "Royal carriages". kreml.ru. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  27. ^ Haajanen 2003, p. 50.
  28. ^ Stratton, Ezra (1878). "Chapter VIII. French carriages, including historical associations". World on Wheels. New York. p. 242. ISBN 0-405-09006-4. Retrieved 4 September 2014. For the use of ladies making calls or engaged in shopping, no better carriage has yet been invented.
  29. ^ a b Haajanen, Lennart W. (2017). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles (Second ed.). McFarland. pp. 52–53, 57. ISBN 978-0-7864-9918-2. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  30. ^ Haajanen 2003, p. 51.
  31. ^ Clough, Albert L. (1913). A dictionary of automobile terms. The Horseless Age Company. p. 89. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
  32. ^ Clough 1913, p. 89.
  33. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. 20 August 1916. Retrieved 22 April 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  34. ^ Haajanen 2003, pp. 51, 55–56.
  35. ^ Forbes, Kingston (1922). The Principles of Automobile Body Design: covering the fundamentals of open and closed passenger body design. Ware Bros. p. 238. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  36. ^ Clough 1913, p. 33.
  37. ^ Beattie, Ian (1977). The Complete Book of Automobile Body Design. Yeovil, UK: Haynes Publishing Group. p. 17. ISBN 0854292179.
  38. ^ "Sedan vs. Coupe: What's the Difference?". carmax.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  39. ^ "Car Review: 2005 Mercedes-Benz CLS 500". driving.ca. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  40. ^ "2018 Mercedes-Benz CLS Class Review". thecarconnection.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  41. ^ "2005 Mercedes-Benz CLS 500 - First Look". superstre etonline.com. 16 March 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  42. ^ Montoya, Ronald (28 May 2013). "Defining Vehicle Types". Edmunds. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
  43. ^ "Porsche 960: une nouvelle berlinette à moteur flat-8". autonews.fr. 28 April 2016.
  44. ^ a b "A History of Hardtops". Hemmings Classic Car. April 2006. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  45. ^ Niedermeyer, Paul (27 July 2020). "Curbside Classic: 1984 Subaru GL Hardtop Coupe – A Requiem For The Affordable Hardtop". Curbside Classic. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  46. ^ "Jaguar XK140 Hardtop Coupe". Supercars.net. 2 March 2016.
  47. ^ Severson, Aaron (9 April 2008). "What is a hardtop?". Ate Up With Motor. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  48. ^ Jazar, Reza N. (2008). Vehicle dynamics: theory and applications. Springer-Verlag. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-387-74243-4. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  49. ^ "Automotive History: Trying To Make (Business Coupe) Sense Of The Gremlin". curbsideclassic.com. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  50. ^ Powell, Philip (8 January 2008). "The Fastback is Back Thanks to Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Volkswagen". Classical Drives. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  51. ^ Langworth, Richard M. (1986). Complete book of collectible cars, 1930–1980. Random House Value Publishing. p. 389. ISBN 978-0-517-47934-6.
  52. ^ "The Infiniti J30 Was A Four-Door Coupe Before It Was Fashionable". kinja.com. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  53. ^ Mercedes CLS-Klasse, Auto, Motor und Sport, retrieved 18 June 2011
  54. ^ "Neuer Audi A7 Sportback: Erste Bilder, Details und Preise" [New Audi A7 sportback: First pictures, details and pricing] (in German). Heise. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  55. ^ Giuliani, Stefan (January 2011), Audi A7 Sportback 3.0 TDI quattro S tronic (DPF) (PDF) (in German), ADAC, retrieved 22 April 2015
  56. ^ "Alfa Romeo Brera | Used Car Buying Guide". Autocar. 10 January 2017.
  57. ^ Andy Enright (8 April 2009). "Ford Cougar (1998 - 2002) used car review". RAC.
  58. ^ "The Top Gear car review: Volkswagen Scirocco". Top Gear. 13 January 2015.
  59. ^ "Dictionary of Historic Automotive Terms". Chalk Hill Educational Media. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  60. ^ Burness, Tad (2005). American Car Spotter's Bible 1940–1980. Krause Publications. p. 736. ISBN 978-0-89689-179-1. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  61. ^ "Archival Revival: One-of-a-kind Nash here a few more weeks". kenoshanews.com. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
  62. ^ Frazee, Irving Augustus (1949). Automotive Fundamentals. American Technical Society. p. 81.
  63. ^ Schueter, Roger (17 December 2017). "What's the difference between an old three-window coupe and a five-window model?". Belleville News-Democrat. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  64. ^ Wagner, Rob. "What Is the Difference Between a 1934 Ford 3-Window & 5-Window Coupe?". It Still Runs. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  65. ^ Kilchermann, Lori (21 November 2020). "What is a Three Window Coupe?". WiseGeek. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  66. ^ Bernsau, Tim (6 October 2020). "Hot Rod 3-Pack: 1932 Ford Three-Window Coupes". Hot Rod. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  67. ^ Thacker, Tony (2007). '32 Ford Deuce: the official 75th anniversary edition. Motorbooks. ISBN 9780760317419.
  68. ^ Taylor, Thom (15 March 2018). "How the 1932 Ford Deuce became the quintessential hot rod". Hagerty. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  69. ^ Loh, Edward (February 2008). "Comparison: 2008 Honda Accord Coupe vs 2008 Mitsubishi Eclipse vs 2008 Nissan Altima Coupe (Front-wheel-drive coupe comparison)". Motor Trend. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  70. ^ Severson, Aaron (25 December 2009). "What's a Matador? AMC's Midsize Classic, Rebel, and Matador Coupe". ateupwithmotor.com. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  71. ^ "Fish Out of Water: AMC's 1974-78 Matador Coupe". Mac's Motor City Garage. 6 May 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  72. ^ Dunton, Pete (15 December 2008). "1974 AMC Matador Coupe – the Forgotten Coupe". Old Car Memories. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  73. ^ Markus, Frank (1 September 2009). "Dodge Stratus and Chrysler Sebring". Car and Driver. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  74. ^ Krebs, Michelle (18 February 2001). "Dodge Stratus and Chrysler Sebring; When Lightning Doesn't Strike Twice". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
Categories

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.