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Capture of Southern Naval Base

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
The blockade of the Ukrainian fleet in Donuzlav
Part of the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
DonuzlavLakeMap.png
Location of Donuzlav Bay
Date3 – 26 March 2014
(3 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Donuzlav, Crimea, Ukraine
Result

Russian victory

  • Russian military captures the Naval Base
Belligerents
 Russia  Ukraine
Commanders and leaders
Russia Viktor Chirkov
Russia Aleksandr Vitko
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Denis Berezovsky
 Surrendered (defected on March 2)		 Ukraine Ihor Tenyukh
Ukraine Serhiy Hayduk
Ukraine Fedash Yuri Petrovich
Ukraine Dmitry Kovalenko
Units involved

Russian Navy

Ukrainian Navy
Strength
1 missile cruiser
4 support ships
2 helicopters		 1 corvette
3 minesweepers
2 landing ships
Casualties and losses
None 13 ships captured, some later returned

Coordinates: 45°20′24″N 33°00′36″E / 45.34000°N 33.01000°E / 45.34000; 33.01000

The siege of Southern Naval Base lasted from 3 March 2014 until its definitive capture on 27 March 2014. The action began with the blockade of Donuzlav bay by the Russian missile cruiser Moskva. The Russian Navy later scuttled the Russian anti-submarine ship Ochakov and several smaller vessels in the mouth of the bay to prevent Ukrainian ships from sailing to open sea and reaching the Ukrainian fleet in Odessa. As a result, 13 Ukrainian ships were bottled up and eventually captured in Donuzlav bay. The blockade ended when the Russian Navy seized the last ship under the Ukrainian flag in Crimea, the minesweeper Cherkasy.

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Geographic coordinate system

Geographic coordinate system

The geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or ellipsoidal coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on the Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system, the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface.

Donuzlav

Donuzlav

Lake Donuzlav, also referred to as Donuzlav Bay, is the deepest lake of Crimea and biggest in Chornomorske Raion. It is a protected landscape and recreational park of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Russian cruiser Moskva

Russian cruiser Moskva

Moskva, formerly Slava was a guided missile cruiser of the Russian Navy. Commissioned in 1983, she was the lead ship of the Project 1164 Atlant class, named after the city of Moscow. With a crew of 510, Moskva was the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet and the most powerful warship in the region.

Russian Navy

Russian Navy

The Russian Navy is the naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces. It has existed in various forms since 1696; its present iteration was formed in January 1992 when it succeeded the Navy of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Russian cruiser Ochakov

Russian cruiser Ochakov

Ochakov was a Kara-class cruiser of the Russian Navy Black Sea Fleet. She was decommissioned in 2011 but remained laid-up in Sevastopol, until on 3 March 2014 she was towed and sunk as a blockship in the channel to Donuzlav lake, in Novoozerne, in western Crimea. A few months later she was refloated and returned to Inkerman to await scrapping.

Western Naval Base (Ukraine)

Western Naval Base (Ukraine)

Western Naval Base is the current main naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine located in Odesa along the northwest coast of the Black Sea. It is one of two naval bases of the Ukrainian Navy along with the Azov Naval Base in Berdyansk. Until 2014, Ukraine also operated the Southern Naval Base and Main Naval Base in Sevastopol.

Military base

In 1961 a 200-meter canal was built, linking Donuzlav bay to the settlement of Novoozerne. Since then, the region's economy has benefited from the Southern Naval Base. After the separation of the Black Sea Fleet, the base passed under the control of Ukraine. The Southern Naval Base of Ukraine was created. Joint exercises between NATO and Ukraine, "Operation Sea Breeze", took place at Donuzlav, which drew disapproval from Russia, as well as the pro-Russian forces of the peninsula.[1][2][3][4]

At the beginning of the blockade, the following military units and naval units of Ukraine were moored in Novoozerne: 257 combined armaments and assets (air force A4290), a naval intelligence station (A / 343 military unit), the Southern Naval Base Ukraine (air force A2506) and 21 districts of the coastal surveillance system (airborne A4249).[5] Also, in the Donuzlav area in the village Mirny is an abandoned naval air station, home of Be-12 flying boats and Ka-25 and Ka-27 helicopters, all of them designed for anti-submarine warfare.[6][7]

As of March 2014, the ships of five brigades of surface ships of the Naval Forces were based in Novoozerne:[5][8]

In the structure of eight separate divisions of the ships were the provision of: [5][9]

  • Fire rescue vessel Evpatoria (U728); (Returned)
  • Seagoing tug Kovel (U831); (Returned)
  • Towboat Novoozernoe (U942); (Returned)

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Novoozerne

Novoozerne

Novoozerne is an urban-type settlement in the Yevpatoria municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Population: 4,998 ; 6,108 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, and 7,242 in 2011.

Black Sea Fleet

Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea. The Black Sea Fleet, along with other Russian ground and air forces on the Crimean Peninsula, are subordinate to the Southern Military District of the Russian Armed Forces.

NATO

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implemented the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is animus in consulendo liber.

Myrnyi

Myrnyi

Myrnyi is an urban-type settlement in the Yevpatoria municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. The town's population was 4,052 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census. Population: 4,209 .

Naval air station

Naval air station

A naval air station is a military air base, and consists of a permanent land-based operations locations for the military aviation division of the relevant branch of a navy. These bases are typically populated by squadrons, groups or wings, their various support commands, and other tenant commands.

Beriev Be-12

Beriev Be-12

The Beriev Be-12 Chayka is a Soviet turboprop-powered amphibious aircraft designed in the 1950s for anti-submarine and maritime patrol duties.

Kamov Ka-25

Kamov Ka-25

The Kamov Ka-25 is a naval helicopter, developed for the Soviet Navy in the USSR from 1958.

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, submarines, or other platforms, to find, track, and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines. Such operations are typically carried out to protect friendly shipping and coastal facilities from submarine attacks and to overcome blockades.

Ukrainian corvette Vinnytsia

Ukrainian corvette Vinnytsia

Vinnytsia (U206) was an anti-submarine corvette of the Ukrainian Navy. Prior to joining the Ukrainian Navy she was a former KGB Border Guard patrol ship named Dnepr. In March 2014, she was seized by Russian soldiers and de facto came under control of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The ship was returned to the Ukrainian Navy from Crimea on 19 April 2014.

Ukrainian ship Yuri Olefirenko

Ukrainian ship Yuri Olefirenko

Yuri Olefirenko is a mid-size Project 773 landing ship of the Ukrainian Navy. From her original commissioning in 1971 until the 2014 Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, she was based in the Southern Naval Base at Donuzlav. Since then Yuri Olefirenko was relocated to Ochakiv. She was reportedly captured by Russian forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine before being spotted still in active service on 3 June 2022.

Ropucha-class landing ship

Ropucha-class landing ship

The Ropucha class, Soviet designation Project 775, is a class of landing ships built in Poland for the Soviet Navy. The ships were built in Poland in the Stocznia Północna shipyards in Gdańsk. Designed for beach landings, they can carry a 450-ton cargo. The ships have both bow- and stern-doors for loading and unloading vehicles, and the 630 square metres (6,800 sq ft) of vehicle deck stretches the length of the hull. Up to 25 armored personnel carriers can be embarked.

Background

Southern Naval Base in 2008
Southern Naval Base in 2008

From 23 to 27 February, the executive power of Sevastopol and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea changed. The new Crimean authorities have declared illegitimacy of the authorities of Ukraine and appealed for help to the leadership of Russia, which gave its support.[10][11]

Since February 27, the actions of numerous armed groups have been unfolding on the territory of the Crimea - some of these armed groups were self-defense detachments from local residents, Berkuvtsev, Cossacks and representatives of various Russian public organizations who came to Crimea on their own initiative to "protect their compatriots". On the other hand - a group of well-armed and equipped men in uniform without identifying signs.[12] Until the end of the Crimean crisis, these formations provided control over strategic objects and local authorities, their protection and functioning, and blocked Ukrainian military units and headquarters.[13] The Ukrainian and Western media, the Ukrainian authorities and the leadership of the Western powers from the very first days said with certainty that they were Russian forces, qualifying their actions as aggression, military invasion and occupation. Russian officials until April 2014 refused to publicly admit this.[14][15]

On March 1, after receiving an appeal from the Government of Crimea and Viktor Yanukovych, Russian President Vladimir Putin appealed to the Federation Council on the use of Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine.[16] The same day, the Federation Council, having gathered for an extraordinary meeting, agreed to use Russian troops in Ukraine.[17]

Also on March 1, 2014 a decree of President of Ukraine Oleksandr Turchynov appointed Denis Berezovsky commander of the Naval Forces of Ukraine. The next day, he swore an oath to the new leadership of Crimea and was appointed Commander of the Navy of Crimea.[18] That same day he was removed from office by a decision of Defense Minister of Ukraine Ihor Tenyukh and decree by President of Ukraine. Instead of Berezovsky, commander Serhiy Hayduk was appointed.[19][20]

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Sevastopol

Sevastopol

Sevastopol, sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea and a major port on the Black Sea. Due to its strategic location and the navigability of the city's harbours, Sevastopol has been an important port and naval base throughout its history. Since the city's founding in 1783 it has been a major base for Russia's Black Sea Fleet, and it was previously a closed city during the Cold War. The total administrative area is 864 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and includes a significant amount of rural land. The urban population, largely concentrated around Sevastopol Bay, is 479,394, and the total population is 547,820.

Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Autonomous Republic of Crimea

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea, commonly known as Crimea, is an autonomous republic of Ukraine encompassing most of Crimea that was annexed by Russia in 2014. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea occupies most of the peninsula, while the City of Sevastopol occupies the rest.

Berkut (special police force)

Berkut (special police force)

The Berkut was the Ukrainian system of special police of the Ukrainian Militsiya within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The agency was formed in 1992, shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, as the successor to the Ukrainian SSR's OMON.

Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)

Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)

Little green men are masked soldiers of the Russian Federation who appeared during the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014 in unmarked green army uniforms and carrying weapons and equipment.

Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych is a former politician who served as the fourth president of Ukraine from 2010 until he was removed from office in the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, after months of protests against his presidency. From 2006 to 2007 he was the prime minister of Ukraine; he also served in this post from November 2002 to January 2005, with a short interruption in December 2004. He currently lives in exile in Russia, where he has lived since his removal from office in 2014.

Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer, serving as the current president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime minister from 1999 to 2000 and from 2008 to 2012, and as president from 2000 to 2008 and since 2012.

Oleksandr Turchynov

Oleksandr Turchynov

Oleksandr Valentynovych Turchynov is a Ukrainian politician, screenwriter, Baptist minister and economist. He is the former Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine.

Denis Berezovsky

Denis Berezovsky

Denis Valentinovich Berezovsky is a rear admiral and the Russian Black Sea Fleet deputy commander. He is also a former commander of the Ukrainian Navy. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian Navy by Interim President Oleksandr Turchynov on 1 March 2014, after the acting commander of the Ukrainian Navy Sergei Yeliseyev defected to Russia the same day. After serving for just one day, on 2 March, he defected to the self-declared pro-Russian separatist Crimean government during the 2014 Crimean crisis. On 24 March 2014, the Defense Minister of Russia Sergei Shoigu appointed Berezovsky as the Russian Black Sea Fleet deputy commander. On 5 March 2014, the Office of the General Prosecutor of Ukraine issued an order to detain Berezovsky on suspicion of treason.

Ihor Tenyukh

Ihor Tenyukh

Ihor Yosypovych Tenyukh is a former Ukrainian admiral and member of the nationalist Svoboda political party. He was the commander of the Ukrainian Navy from 2006 until 2010 when dismissed by Viktor Yanukovych. Tenyukh fully supported the 2013–2014 uprising, and was appointed Minister of Defense of Ukraine in February 2014. After and because of accusations of indecision in the face of the Russian invasion of Crimea, he resigned on 25 March 2014.

Serhiy Hayduk

Serhiy Hayduk

Serhiy Anatoliyovych Hayduk is a Ukrainian Vice Admiral and a former commander of the Ukrainian Navy.

Main events

The landing ship Konstantin Olshansky during exercises in Donuzlav in 2009
The landing ship Konstantin Olshansky during exercises in Donuzlav in 2009

According to Ukrainian minister of defense Igor Tenyukh, at the moment of the blockade, only four ships remained in quasi-combatant capacity, including the large landing ship Konstantin Olshansky, which was based in Donuzov.[21] Over the question why Ukrainian ships were not withdrawn from Crimea at the end of February 2014, Tenyukh accused the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Yuriy Ilyin, who, according to him did not issue an order.[22] However, Ilyin himself accused Tenyukh of the absence of such an order.[23]

On March 2, 2014, four KamAZ trucks full of armed people arrived in Novoazerne.[24] On March 3 information appeared on the blocking of the Southern Naval Base of Ukraine by military servicemen of the Russian Federation.[25] The 200-meter-long exit from the Donuzlav bay was blocked by the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, missile cruiser Moskva, supported by four other ships.[26][27] On land, the Ukrainian base was surrounded by about 100 Russian servicemen. At the same time, Ukrainian Navy's ships were ordered to take off from the pier and gather in Donuzlav bay.[28]

The commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, Aleksandr Vitko, personally came to negotiations with the command of the part, during which he offered to surrender and oath to the Crimean people, but he was denied.[29] Denied and in execution of the order of Denis Berezovsky - the ships retired to the berth and handed over the weapons to the warehouses.[28] On the morning of March 4 Crimean Prime Minister Sergei Aksyonov said that the personnel of the Ukrainian military units were ready to submit to the new government of Crimea and that commanders who refused to do his bidding would be prosecuted.[30]

The minesweeper Chernihiv in Donuzlav in 2008
The minesweeper Chernihiv in Donuzlav in 2008

On March 4, armed people without identification marks began to dig trenches near the berth. On March 5, Donuzlav blocked the exit of ships SFP-183, Moskow, Shtel and Lightning.[24] In order to prevent the release of Ukrainian ships to Odessa on the night of March 5 to 6, 2014, the light cruiser Ochakov (length about 180 meters) and the rescue ship Shakhty, both of them belonging to the Russian Federation, were scuttled at the exit from Donuzlav. Ochakov obstructed the mouth of the bay.[31][32] The sinking of Ochakov took about 80 minutes.[33]

In connection with the blockade of Ukrainian ships in Donuzlav, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine strongly protested to the Russian Federation.[34] On March 7, fire-fighting boat BM-416 was also sunk as an obstacle; it had a displacement of 30-40 tons.[35]

On March 13, in response to the intentional sinking of a fourth ship at the mouth of the bay, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine handed a verbal note to Russia over the scuttled ships and the threat to environmental safety in the Black Sea.[36][37][38] Director of the Information Policy Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Yevhen Perebyinis stated that the responsibility for damage to the marine environment and natural resources rested on the Russian side.[39]

The minesweeper Cherkasy during exercises in Donuzlav in 2009
The minesweeper Cherkasy during exercises in Donuzlav in 2009

Also, on March 13, farmers from the Rivne region delivered about 25 tons of food to the Ukriainian sailors. Base commander Vladimir Dogonov said that there was a lot of assistance to the naval base, to the point that they shared it with neighboring military units.[40] With the assistance of the Red Cross, residents of Kropyvnytskyi and Novomyrhorod were able to pass along the aid.[41] Yuri Fedash, commander of the minesweeper Cherkasy, said that Crimean Tatars from the neighboring villages of Medvedev and Kirovske also provided assistance.[42]

Following a referendum on the Crimea status on March 16, the seamen requested a clear plan from the Ukrainian leadership for further action on the evacuation of servicemen and their families from Donuzlav.[43][44] However, the acting president of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov, said that the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff issued orders to protect the ships. Turchynov also stressed the need to withstand and prevent further Russian invasion of Ukraine.[45]

Volodymyr Komoedov, deputy of the State Duma of Russia and former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, said that Ukrainian vessels that were in the Crimea would become Russian after the referendum.[46]

On March 19, 2014, the headquarters of the Southern Naval Base of Ukraine went under the control of the Russian Federation.[47][48] The headquarters gates near the checkpoint were demolished by a bulldozer. Russian military vehicles blocked the road to the barracks.[49] After that, the ships Vinnitsa, Konstantin Olshansky, Kirovograd, Cherkassy and Chernigov sailed to the middle of Donuzlav to prevent capture.[50] On March 20, Vitaliy Zvyagintsev, commander of the five brigades of the surface ships of the Naval Forces of Ukraine, who crossed Russia, ordered all ships to berth.[51][52]

On March 21, three machine gun points were deployed on the shore, and the berth was occupied by Russian military personnel.[53] On the same day, the ships Kirovograd, Theodosius and Chernigov approached the berth and surrendered.[24] The commander of Kirovgrad, Captain of the 3rd rank Volodymyr Khromchenkov, called the Shuster Live transmission live in the evening and told that the ships are waiting for an adequate order for their further fate, adding that the leadership is not connected with him.[54] The next day, the commander contacted the head of the Presidential Administration Serhiy Pashynskyi.[55]

Later, the commander of Kirovograd, Volodymyr Khromchenkov, the commander of Theodosius, O. Bily and the commander of Chernigov, Boris Paliy defected to the Russian side.[51]

On March 21, the minesweeper Cherkasy made the first attempt to break through Donuzlav.[56] Cherkasy was hit by mooring cables from one of the scuttled ships and tried to . The operation lasted about two hours, but the miner was not able to do it because of a lack of power.[57] The commander of the ship Yuri Fedash asked for help from the minesweeper Chernigov, but he was denied. On this day, two officers, one midshipman and nine people came out from Cherkassy.[58] Converserly, three sailors from the minesweeper Chernigov climbed onboard.[57]

On March 22, the corvette Vinnitsa, raised the Andriyivsky flag, and the commander Sergei Zagolnikov eventually turned to Russia.[59][51] On the same day, Sergei Gaiduk said that food supplies on ships that are in Donuzlav are left for 10 days.[60] On March 23, the minesweeper Henichesk attempted to exit Donuzlav, however, it was intercepted by a tug of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia.[61][24] On the same day, Yuri Fedash, commander of the Cherkasy, said to a reporter that he was in contact with the Ukrainian Navy headquarters.[62]

On the night of March 24, another small vessel was scuttled by the Russian Navy at the bay.[63] Later, the Konstantin Olshansky laid smokescreens, but was still captured by the Russian boat U8301 using automatic weapons and small grenades. The minesweeper Henichesk was captured on the same date.[64][65][66][67] Captain Dmitry Kovalenko, commander of the Konstantin Olshansky said that the issue of scuttling his ship never was on the table.[68] At the time of capture of the ship was crewed by only 20 seamen from an usual complement of 120. The U8301 launched about 400 grenades around Konstantin Olshansky before the amphibious ship was assaulted by a boarding party.[28] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine called the seizure of the ships by Russia "piracy".[69]

Headquarters of the Southern Naval Base of Ukraine
Headquarters of the Southern Naval Base of Ukraine

The trawler Cherkasy made an attempt to leave Donuzlav, passing between the wrecks of two ships. As a result, the trawler was intercepted by a tug, from which there were attempts to board the minesweeper.[65] According to Fedash, he considered the possibility of capturing the Russian vessel, but the leadership in Kiev refused. He also said that in order to prevent the seizure of Cherkasy, they fired small arms on the water and used grenades.[42] Also on March 24 President of Ukraine Oleksandr Turchinov said that the Ministry of Defense was given an order to withdraw military units from the Crimea.[70]

On March 25, an unknown boat traveled around the minesweeper Cherkasy, the last Ukrainian ship in Crimea.[71] Cherkasy was eventually captured by the ocean-going tug Kovel, three speedboats, and two Mi-35 helicopters.[72] The ship maneuvered for at least two hours, but was eventually stormed using firearms and light-and-noise grenades.[73][74] According to Fedash, Spetsnaz forces from the 16th Brigade participated in the capture of Cherkasy.[75]

During the assault there were no casualties, but control mechanisms of the ship were damaged by the Russian forces. As a result, the tug Kovel towed Cherkasy to a harbor berth.[72][76] The next day the crew went to the coast and traveled to the mainland Ukraine, the last to left the ship was commander Yuri Fedash, after which the Ukrainian flag was removed from the minesweeper.[57]

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Ropucha-class landing ship

Ropucha-class landing ship

The Ropucha class, Soviet designation Project 775, is a class of landing ships built in Poland for the Soviet Navy. The ships were built in Poland in the Stocznia Północna shipyards in Gdańsk. Designed for beach landings, they can carry a 450-ton cargo. The ships have both bow- and stern-doors for loading and unloading vehicles, and the 630 square metres (6,800 sq ft) of vehicle deck stretches the length of the hull. Up to 25 armored personnel carriers can be embarked.

Ihor Tenyukh

Ihor Tenyukh

Ihor Yosypovych Tenyukh is a former Ukrainian admiral and member of the nationalist Svoboda political party. He was the commander of the Ukrainian Navy from 2006 until 2010 when dismissed by Viktor Yanukovych. Tenyukh fully supported the 2013–2014 uprising, and was appointed Minister of Defense of Ukraine in February 2014. After and because of accusations of indecision in the face of the Russian invasion of Crimea, he resigned on 25 March 2014.

KamAZ-4310

KamAZ-4310

The KamAZ-4310 is an all-wheel drive truck produced by Kamaz in Naberezhnye Chelny. The vehicle was built in series in different versions from 1981 to 1995, a very similar successor is still on the market today with the KamAZ-43114, also in different versions.

Russian cruiser Moskva

Russian cruiser Moskva

Moskva, formerly Slava was a guided missile cruiser of the Russian Navy. Commissioned in 1983, she was the lead ship of the Project 1164 Atlant class, named after the city of Moscow. With a crew of 510, Moskva was the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet and the most powerful warship in the region.

Aleksandr Vitko

Aleksandr Vitko

Admiral Aleksandr Viktorovich Vitko is a retired officer of the Russian Navy, and a former commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet between April 2013 and June 2018.

Russian cruiser Ochakov

Russian cruiser Ochakov

Ochakov was a Kara-class cruiser of the Russian Navy Black Sea Fleet. She was decommissioned in 2011 but remained laid-up in Sevastopol, until on 3 March 2014 she was towed and sunk as a blockship in the channel to Donuzlav lake, in Novoozerne, in western Crimea. A few months later she was refloated and returned to Inkerman to await scrapping.

Kropyvnytskyi

Kropyvnytskyi

Kropyvnytskyi is a city in central Ukraine, situated on the Inhul River. It is the administrative center of Kirovohrad Oblast. Population: 219,676.

Novomyrhorod

Novomyrhorod

Novomyrhorod is a city in Novoukrainka Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, central Ukraine, in the southern part of the Middle Dnieper area. It hosts the administration of Novomyrhorod urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Novomyrhorod is approximately 10,715.

Kirovske, Crimea

Kirovske, Crimea

Kirovske (Kirovskoye) is an urban-type settlement in the Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Population: 6,883 .

2014 Crimean status referendum

2014 Crimean status referendum

The Crimean status referendum of 2014 was a disputed referendum on March 16, 2014, concerning the status of Crimea that was conducted in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol after Russian forces seized control of Crimea.

Serhiy Pashynskyi

Serhiy Pashynskyi

Serhiy Volodymyrovych Pashynskyi is Ukrainian politician and statesman. He has been a people's deputy of Ukraine of four convocations and is the chairman of the Committee on National Security and Defense Council.

Spetsnaz

Spetsnaz

Spetsnaz are special forces in numerous post-Soviet states. Historically, this term referred to the Soviet Union's Spetsnaz GRU, special operations units of the GRU, the main military intelligence service. It also describes task forces of other ministries in post-Soviet countries.

Return of captured ships

Following the capture of Ukrainian ships, Alexander Turchinov instructed the Defense Minister of Ukraine Mykhailo Koval that "no warships should remain in captivity".[77] On April 19, 2014, the ships Kirovograd, Vinnytsia, Kherson, Kovel, Gorlovka and Novoozernye were returned to Ukraine and relocated to Odessa.[78][79] The transfer took place in neutral waters, to which the ships were towed by the Russian side, after which the Ukrainian flags were again raised on the ships.[80] In May the minesweeper Genichesk and passenger boat Dobropillya were transferred to Ukraine.[81][8]

As of June 2015, the ships Chernihiv, Cherkasy and Konstantin Olshansky had not been returned to Ukraine.[82]

Memorials

A memorial sign for the scuttled ships in Novoozerne
A memorial sign for the scuttled ships in Novoozerne

Russian side

On August 8, 2014, in Novoozerne, the head of the State Council of the Crimea, Volodymyr Konstantinov, dedicated a memorial plaque to the scuttled ships that blocked the exit of the naval ships of the Naval Forces of Ukraine. On the memorial plaque it is written: In memory of the ships that were intentionally sunk in March 2014 for the reunification of the Crimea with Russia.[83][84]

Ukrainian side

On March 27, 2014, the commander of the minesweeper Cherkasy, Yury Fedash, was awarded the title of honorary citizen of the city of Cherkasy, and on August 24 the Order of Danylo Halytsky was presented.[85][86] On April 4, congratulations were received by the crew of the minesweeper Cherkasy in the center of the city of the same name, where they were greeted as heroes.[87]

In April 2014, the members of the rock band Lyapis Trubetskoy invited the crewmembers of the Konstantin Olshansky to their concert in Odessa and called the Ukrainian sailors in Donuzlav "heroes". They also noted a video clip that was shot on a ship, where sailors perform the song "Warriors of the World".[88] However, it is erroneously believed that the video was taken on the Cherkasy minesweeper.[87] On April 6, 2014, before the match between Dynamo Kyiv and Kharkiv Metalist within the framework of the Ukrainian Championship, seamen from Kirovograd were invited to the stadium Olimpiysky, where they were received as heroes.[89]

On August 24, 2014, during a military parade on the occasion of the Independence Day of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, said: "Ukraine will never forget the actions of the crew of the minesweeper Cherkasy, which recently maneuvered and defended their ship in the Donuzlav bay".[90][91]

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Novoozerne

Novoozerne

Novoozerne is an urban-type settlement in the Yevpatoria municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. Population: 4,998 ; 6,108 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, and 7,242 in 2011.

Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)

Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)

Vladimir Andreyevich Konstantinov is a Crimean and Russian politician who has served as the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea since 17 March 2014.

Cherkasy

Cherkasy

Cherkasy is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy is the capital of Cherkasy Oblast (province), as well as the administrative center of Cherkasky Raion (district) within the oblast. The city has a population of 269,836.

Order of Danylo Halytsky

Order of Danylo Halytsky

The Order of Danylo Halytsky is an award of Ukraine. The Order was instituted on February 20, 2003, by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine to honour the military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations created in compliance with the laws of Ukraine, as well as public servants for significant personal contribution in building of Ukraine, thorough and faultless service to the Ukrainian people.

Lyapis Trubetskoy

Lyapis Trubetskoy

Lyapis Trubetskoy was a Belarusian rock band. It was named after comical hero from Ilya Ilf's and Yevgeny Petrov's novel "The Twelve Chairs", poet and potboiler Nikifor Lyapis, who used pseudonym Trubetskoy.

FC Dynamo Kyiv

FC Dynamo Kyiv

Football Club Dynamo Kyiv is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kyiv. Founded in 1927 as a Kyivan football team of republican branch of the bigger Soviet Dynamo Sports Society, the club as a separate business entity was officially formed only in 1989 and currently plays in the Ukrainian Premier League, and has never been relegated to a lower division. The club has secured brand rights from the Ukrainian Dynamo society and has no direct relations to the sports society since 1989. Their home is the 70,050 capacity Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex.

FC Metalist Kharkiv

FC Metalist Kharkiv

Football Club Metalist Kharkiv is a Ukrainian football club based in Kharkiv that plays in the Ukrainian First League during the 2021–22 season. It was revived 5 years after the original FC Metalist Kharkiv ceased operations.

Petro Poroshenko

Petro Poroshenko

Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Poroshenko served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010, and as the Minister of Trade and Economic Development in 2012. From 2007 until 2012, he headed the Council of Ukraine's National Bank. He was elected president on 25 May 2014, receiving 54.7% of the votes cast in the first round, thus winning outright and avoiding a run-off. During his presidency, Poroshenko led the country through the first phase of the war in Donbas, pushing the Russian separatist forces into the Donbas Region. He began the process of integration with the European Union by signing the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement.

Source: "Capture of Southern Naval Base", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 21st), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Southern_Naval_Base.

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Further Reading

Black Sea Fleet

Ukrainian Navy

Ukrainian submarine Zaporizhzhia

Ukrainian Sea Guard

Ukrainian frigate Hetman Sahaidachny

List of active Ukrainian Navy ships

Southern Naval Base

Donuzlav

Ukrainian command ship Donbas

Sergei Yeliseyev (admiral)

Kyiv Independence Day Parade

Gyurza-M-class gunboat

Cherkasy (film)

Russian occupation of Crimea

Roman Oleksandrovych Bochkala

Ukrainian patrol boat Hola Prystan

Ukrainian patrol boat Skadovsk
See also
References
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