Get Our Extension

Canadian Hot 100

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way

The Canadian Hot 100 is a music industry record chart in Canada for songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. The Canadian Hot 100 was launched on the issue dated March 31, 2007, and is currently the standard record chart in Canada; a new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays but post-dated to the following Saturday.

The chart is similar to Billboard's US-based Hot 100 in that it combines physical and digital sales as measured by Nielsen SoundScan, streaming activity data provided by online music sources, and radio airplay as measured by Broadcast Data Systems. Canada's radio airplay is the result of monitoring more than 100 stations representing rock, country, adult contemporary and Top 40 genres.[1][2]

The first number-one song of the Canadian Hot 100 was "Girlfriend" by Avril Lavigne on March 31, 2007.[3][4] As of the issue for the week ending April 1, 2023, the Canadian Hot 100 has had 189 different number-one songs. The current number-one song is "Flowers" by Miley Cyrus.[5]

Discover more about Canadian Hot 100 related topics

Canada

Canada

Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. It is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. The country is sparsely inhabited, with most residing south of the 55th parallel in urban areas. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.

Billboard (magazine)

Billboard (magazine)

Billboard is an American music and entertainment magazine published weekly by Penske Media Corporation. The magazine provides music charts, news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and style related to the music industry. Its music charts include the Hot 100, the 200, and the Global 200, tracking the most popular albums and songs in different genres of music. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows.

Billboard Hot 100

Billboard Hot 100

The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play, and online streaming in the United States.

CD single

CD single

A CD single is a music single in the form of a compact disc. The standard in the Red Book for the term CD single is an 8 cm (3-inch) CD. It now refers to any single recorded onto a CD of any size, particularly the CD5, or 5-inch CD single. The format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased.

Airplay

Airplay

Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.

Broadcast Data Systems

Broadcast Data Systems

Broadcast Data Systems, is a service that tracks radio, television and internet airplay of songs. The service, which is a unit of MRC Data, is a contributing factor to North American charts published by co-owned magazine Billboard, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, when combined with sales and streaming data from Soundscan.

Country music

Country music

Country is a music genre originating in the Southern and Southwestern United States. First produced in the 1920s, country primarily focuses on working class Americans and blue-collar American life.

Adult contemporary music

Adult contemporary music

Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.

Contemporary hit radio

Contemporary hit radio

Contemporary hit radio is a radio format that is common in many countries that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by the Top 40 music charts. There are several subcategories, dominantly focusing on rock, pop, or urban music. Used alone, CHR most often refers to the CHR-pop format. The term contemporary hit radio was coined in the early 1980s by Radio & Records magazine to designate Top 40 stations which continued to play hits from all musical genres as pop music splintered into Adult contemporary, Urban contemporary, Contemporary Christian and other formats.

Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)

Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)

"Girlfriend" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne and Dr. Luke; the latter is also the producer. "Girlfriend" was released as the lead single from her third studio album, The Best Damn Thing (2007) on February 27, 2007 by Columbia and RCA Records. Lyrically, the song revolves around its protagonist having a crush on someone who is in a relationship, proclaiming she should be his girlfriend. The song has been noted to have similarities to Toni Basil's 1982 single "Mickey", and The Rubinoos' 1979 single "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend". The songwriters of "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend" sued Lavigne and Dr. Luke for copyright infringement; the suit was later settled.

Avril Lavigne

Avril Lavigne

Avril Ramona Lavigne is a Canadian singer and songwriter. At age 16, she signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records. Her debut studio album, Let Go (2002), is the best-selling album of the 21st century by a Canadian artist. It yielded the singles "Complicated" and "Sk8er Boi", which emphasized a skate punk persona and earned her the title "Pop-Punk Queen" from music publications. She is considered a key musician in the development of pop-punk music since she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s. Her second studio album, Under My Skin (2004), became Lavigne's first album to reach the top of the Billboard 200 chart in the United States, going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide.

Flowers (Miley Cyrus song)

Flowers (Miley Cyrus song)

"Flowers" is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus. It was released on January 12, 2023, through Columbia Records as the lead single from Cyrus's eighth studio album, Endless Summer Vacation (2023). The song was a massive commercial success, setting several records. It broke the record as the most streamed song in a week on Spotify during both its first and second week. It debuted atop the Billboard Global 200 chart and reached number one in 36 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom.

History

The chart was launched on the issue dated March 31, 2007 and was made available for the first time via Billboard online services on June 7, 2007. With this launch, it marked the first time that Billboard created a Hot 100 chart for a country outside the United States.

Billboard charts manager Geoff Mayfield announced the premiere of the chart, explaining "the new Billboard Canadian Hot 100 will serve as the definitive measure of Canada's most popular songs, continuing our magazine's longstanding tradition of using the most comprehensive resources available to provide the world's most authoritative music charts."[6]

The Billboard Canadian Hot 100 is managed by Paul Tuch, director of Canadian operations for Nielsen BDS, in consultation with Silvio Pietroluongo, Billboard's associate director of charts and manager of the Billboard Hot 100.[1]

Song achievements

Songs with most weeks at number one

19 weeks

18 weeks

16 weeks

15 weeks

13 weeks

12 weeks

11 weeks

10 weeks

Number-one debuts

Artists with the most number-one hits

  1. Justin Bieber – 13[70]
  2. Rihanna – 11 (tie)[71]
  3. Drake – 11 (tie)[72]
  4. Katy Perry – 10[73]
  5. Taylor Swift – 9[74]
  6. The Weeknd – 7[75]

Artists with the most weeks at number-one

  1. Justin Bieber – 56
  2. Rihanna – 46
  3. Drake – 39
  4. Katy Perry – 34 (tie)
  5. Maroon 5 – 34 (tie)
  6. The Black Eyed Peas – 32

Self-replacement at number-one

Other achievements

Discover more about Song achievements related topics

Lil Nas X

Lil Nas X

Montero Lamar Hill, known by his stage name Lil Nas X, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He rose to prominence with the release of his country rap single "Old Town Road", which first achieved viral popularity in early 2019 before climbing music charts internationally and becoming diamond certified by November of that same year, moving over ten million certified units in streaming and sales combined.

Billy Ray Cyrus

Billy Ray Cyrus

Billy Ray Cyrus is an American country singer and actor. He has released 16 studio albums and 53 singles since 1992, and is known for his hit single "Achy Breaky Heart", which topped the U.S. Hot Country Songs chart and became the first single ever to achieve triple platinum status in Australia. It was also the best-selling single in the same country in 1992. Due to the song's music video, the line dance rose in popularity.

Harry Styles

Harry Styles

Harry Edward Styles is an English singer and songwriter. His musical career began in 2010 as a solo contestant on the British music competition series The X Factor. Following his elimination, he was brought back to join the boy band One Direction. It became one of the best-selling boy groups of all time before going on an indefinite hiatus in 2016.

As It Was

As It Was

"As It Was" is a song by British singer Harry Styles, released through Erskine and Columbia, on 1 April 2022 as the lead single from his third studio album, Harry's House (2022). The song was written by Styles alongside the song's producers Kid Harpoon and Tyler Johnson.

I Gotta Feeling

I Gotta Feeling

"I Gotta Feeling" is a song recorded by American group the Black Eyed Peas for their fifth studio album The E.N.D. (2009). It was written by the group members with the song's producers David Guetta and Frédéric Riesterer. The song was released as the second single from The E.N.D. on June 15, 2009, by Interscope Records.

Ed Sheeran

Ed Sheeran

Edward Christopher Sheeran is an English singer-songwriter. Born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, and raised in Framlingham, Suffolk, he began writing songs around the age of eleven. In early 2011, Sheeran independently released the extended play No. 5 Collaborations Project. He signed with Asylum Records the same year.

Luis Fonsi

Luis Fonsi

Luis Alfonso Rodríguez López-Cepero, known by his stage name Luis Fonsi, is a Puerto Rican singer. He is known for multiple songs, one of them being "Despacito" featuring rapper Daddy Yankee.

Daddy Yankee

Daddy Yankee

Ramón Luis Ayala Rodríguez, known professionally as Daddy Yankee, is a retired Puerto Rican rapper, singer, songwriter, and actor. Known as the "King of Reggaeton" by music critics and fans alike, he is the artist who coined the word reggaeton in 1991 in the mixtape Playero 34 in the song "So persigueme, no te detengas" to describe the new music genre that was emerging from Puerto Rico that synthesized American hip-hop, Hispanic Caribbean music, and Jamaican reggae rhythms with Spanish rapping and singing. He is often cited as an influence by other Hispanic urban performers.

Justin Bieber

Justin Bieber

Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer. Bieber is recognized for his genre-melding musicianship and global influence in modern-day popular music. He was discovered by American record executive Scooter Braun and signed with RBMG Records in 2008, gaining recognition with the release of his debut seven-track EP My World (2009) and soon establishing himself as a teen idol.

Despacito

Despacito

"Despacito" is a song by Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi featuring Puerto Rican rapper and singer Daddy Yankee as the lead single from Fonsi's 2019 studio album Vida. Released on January 13, 2017, the song was written by Fonsi, Erika Ender and Daddy Yankee, and produced by Mauricio Rengifo and Andrés Torres. A remix version featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber was released on April 17, 2017, which helped to improve the chart performance of the song in numerous countries, including various number-one positions. "Despacito" has been widely credited by music journalists as being instrumental in popularizing Spanish-language pop music in the mainstream market again.

Bruno Mars

Bruno Mars

Peter Gene Hernandez, known professionally as Bruno Mars, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is known for his stage performances, retro showmanship, and for performing in a wide range of musical styles, including pop, R&B, funk, soul, reggae, disco, and rock. Mars is accompanied by his band, the Hooligans, who play a variety of instruments, such as electric guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, drums, and horns, and also serve as backup singers and dancers.

Apologize (OneRepublic song)

Apologize (OneRepublic song)

"Apologize" is a song written by Ryan Tedder, which first appeared on Timbaland's second studio album Shock Value. It was then released as the third single from that album, along with the original recording by OneRepublic. It accordingly also served as the lead single for OneRepublic's debut album Dreaming Out Loud, produced by Greg Wells. Timbaland's version omits the guitar solo after the second verse in the original, and includes an extra line of percussion, new backing vocals, and added sound samples, in addition to sound mixing and a few other minor changes. The song was the biggest radio airplay hit in the history of the Mainstream Top 40 chart in the United States, with 10,394 plays in one week, until its record was broken by Leona Lewis's "Bleeding Love", which was also co-written by Tedder. The song was a major hit internationally, reaching number one in 16 countries, including Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkey, and the Netherlands, as well as staying at number one for eight consecutive weeks on the Billboard Pop 100 chart. The song peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, staying in the top-10 for 25 weeks, and spent 13 weeks at number one in Canada.

Source: "Canadian Hot 100", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 28th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100.

Enjoying Wikiz?

Enjoying Wikiz?

Get our FREE extension now!

References
  1. ^ a b "Billboard Launches Canadian Hot 100 Chart". Billboard. June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  2. ^ "Billboard's Canadian Hot 100 Now Incorporates Spotify Listening". Billboard. December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  3. ^ "Canadian Hot 100 – Week of March 31, 2007". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  4. ^ "2007 Archive - Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
  5. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: April 1, 2023". Billboard. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  6. ^ "Billboard to rank Canada's hottest songs". CBC News. June 6, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  7. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 21, 2009". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  8. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 20, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  9. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of March 27, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  10. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 22, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  11. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 29, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  12. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 29, 2011". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  13. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 26, 2011". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  14. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of March 3, 2012". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
  15. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 14, 2012". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  16. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 1, 2012". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
  17. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of August 31, 2013". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
  18. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 16, 2013". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  19. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 6, 2014". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  20. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 19, 2015". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  21. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 14, 2015". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
  22. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 20, 2016". Billboard. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  23. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of August 13, 2016". Billboard. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
  24. ^ a b "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 28, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  25. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 20, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  26. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 16, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  27. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 7, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  28. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 3, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  29. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 14, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  30. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 21, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  31. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 19, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  32. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of June 16, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  33. ^ a b "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 14, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  34. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 22, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  35. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of September 29, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  36. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 27, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  37. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 17, 2018". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  38. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 2, 2019". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
  39. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of March 16, 2019". Billboard. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  40. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 13, 2019". Billboard. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
  41. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 19, 2019". Billboard. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
  42. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 9, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  43. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 23, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  44. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of June 6, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  45. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of August 1, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  46. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of August 22, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  47. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of August 29, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  48. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 3, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  49. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 31, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  50. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 7, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  51. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of December 5, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  52. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of December 26, 2020". Billboard. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  53. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 23, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  54. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 27, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  55. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of March 20, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  56. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 3, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  57. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 24, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  58. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 29, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  59. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 10, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
  60. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 24, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  61. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 27, 2021". Billboard. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
  62. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 16, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  63. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 23, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  64. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 2, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  65. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 8, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
  66. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 5, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  67. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 19, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  68. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of December 17, 2022". Billboard. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  69. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 28, 2023". Billboard. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  70. ^ "Justin Bieber – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  71. ^ "Rihanna – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  72. ^ "Drake – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  73. ^ "Katy Perry – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  74. ^ "Taylor Swift – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  75. ^ "The Weeknd – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  76. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 4, 2009". Billboard. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  77. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 29, 2014". Billboard. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
  78. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 27, 2017". Billboard. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  79. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of July 21, 2018". Billboard. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  80. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of March 31, 2007". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  81. ^ "Glass Animals – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  82. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 2, 2022". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  83. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of February 27, 2010". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  84. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 6, 2012". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  85. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of June 27, 2009". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  86. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of October 24, 2009". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  87. ^ "Canadian Hot 100 - Year End 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  88. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 5, 2019". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  89. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 12, 2019". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  90. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 7, 2023". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  91. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 14, 2023". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  92. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of May 25, 2019". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  93. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 12, 2019". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  94. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of January 4, 2020". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  95. ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of November 5, 2022". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
External links

The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use & Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization & is not affiliated to WikiZ.com.