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Burnham-on-Crouch

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Burnham-on-Crouch
Spinnakers on the River Crouch.jpg
Yacht racing under spinnakers on the River Crouch, Burnham-on-Crouch
Burnham-on-Crouch is located in Essex
Burnham-on-Crouch
Burnham-on-Crouch
Location within Essex
Population7,671 (2011 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ948959
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBurnham-on-Crouch
Postcode districtCM0
Dialling code01621
PoliceEssex
FireEssex
AmbulanceEast of England
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Essex
51°37′42″N 0°48′52″E / 51.6284°N 0.8145°E / 51.6284; 0.8145Coordinates: 51°37′42″N 0°48′52″E / 51.6284°N 0.8145°E / 51.6284; 0.8145

Burnham-on-Crouch is a town and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex in the East of England. It lies on the north bank of the River Crouch.[2] It is one of Britain's leading places for yachting.[2]

The civil parish extends 5 miles (8 km) east of the town to the mouth of the River Crouch. It includes the hamlets of Creeksea and Ostend west of the town, Stoneyhills to the north and Dammer Wick, West Wick and East Wick east of the town.

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Civil parish

Civil parish

In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of ecclesiastical parishes, which historically played a role in both secular and religious administration. Civil and religious parishes were formally differentiated in the 19th century and are now entirely separate. Civil parishes in their modern form came into being through the Local Government Act 1894, which established elected parish councils to take on the secular functions of the parish vestry.

Maldon District

Maldon District

Maldon is a local government district in Essex, England. The council is based in Maldon, and the district includes other notable settlements such as Burnham-on-Crouch,Heybridge, Wickham Bishops, Southminster, Tolleshunt D'Arcy and Tollesbury. The district covers the Dengie peninsula in the south, as well as the Thurstable Hundred area to the north of the Blackwater Estuary, a total area of 358.78 km2.

Essex

Essex

Essex is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and Greater London to the south and south-west. There are three cities in Essex: Southend, Colchester and Chelmsford, in order of population. For the purposes of government statistics, Essex is placed in the East of England region. There are four definitions of the extent of Essex, the widest being the ancient county. Next, the largest is the former postal county, followed by the ceremonial county, with the smallest being the administrative county—the area administered by the County Council, which excludes the two unitary authorities of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea. The ceremonial county occupies the eastern part of what was, during the Early Middle Ages, the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Essex. As well as rural areas and urban areas, it forms part of the wider Home Counties of England.

East of England

East of England

The East of England is one of the nine official regions of England. This region was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics purposes from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.

River Crouch

River Crouch

The River Crouch is a small river that flows entirely through the English county of Essex.

Yachting

Yachting

Yachting is the use of recreational boats and ships called yachts for racing or cruising. Yachts are distinguished from working ships mainly by their leisure purpose. "Yacht" derives from the Dutch word jacht ("hunt"). With sailboats, the activity is called sailing, and with motorboats, it is called powerboating.

Creeksea

Creeksea

Creeksea is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Burnham-on-Crouch, in the Maldon district, in the county of Essex, England. It is on the Dengie peninsula on the north side of the River Crouch, one mile west of Burnham-on-Crouch. In 1931 the parish had a population of 76.

Ostend, Essex

Ostend, Essex

Ostend is a hamlet in the English county of Essex.

History

According to the Domesday Book of 1086, Burnham was held in 1066 by a thegn called Alward and 10 free men. After 1066 it was acquired by a Norman called Tedric Pointel of Coggeshall whose overlord was Ralph Baynard. Historically, it has benefited from its location on the coast – first as a ferry port,[3]: 119  later as a fishing port known for its oyster beds,[4] and most recently as a centre for yachting.[3]: 132 

The parish church of St Mary's Church, Burnham on Crouch is a large medieval church dedicated to St Mary the Virgin. The church is first recorded in 1155, when it was given to Little Dunmow Priory, and the Purbeck marble font dates from the twelfth century. The church's unusual plaster barrel vault dates from 1775, after the previous roof was destroyed by fire in 1774.

There is also a United Reformed Church in Station Road in Burnham-on-Crouch. It was built in 1950 as the Congregational Church after its predecessor burnt down in 1946. The URC Church was formed when the Congregational church merged with the local Methodist church in 1984. Also on Station Road is the Baptist Church.

There are many listed buildings in the town, including the Grade II* listed Royal Corinthian Yacht Club designed in 1931 by the modernist architect Joseph Emberton.[3] The Mangapps Railway Museum is located nearby.

Although the town has a population of little over 7,500, it is the principal settlement in the wider Dengie peninsula area (population 20,000),[5] meaning it has facilities that are uncommon in small towns, such as a cinema,[6] a laundrette, a post office, 22 licensed drinking establishments and three pharmacies.[7]

Burnham played a significant role in both world wars. A First World War airfield was established in 1915 on agricultural land next to present-day Wick Farm. It was used until early 1919. It was established for use by Home Defence aircraft in order to defend against Zeppelin attack and as a night flight station. The small grass landing field covered an area of about 150 acres. There were no permanent buildings, and the personnel were billeted in tented accommodation. The base was initially established by the Royal Navy Air Service (RNAS) and two Bristol T.B.8s operated from there. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) took over responsibilities for Home Defence in 1916 and the airfield became a RFC base operating BE type aircraft of 37 Squadron (50th Wing). The airfield was closed in 1919.

During the Second World War, Burnham was the training base for one of the first Commando battalions, led by Lt-Col Dunford-Slater. From 1943 to 1945 it was HMS St Mathew, base for up to 1400 sailors training on minor landing craft. The navy occupied the Royal Corinthian Yacht Club and a site at Creeksea. Unconnected with these activities, the area often witnessed Luftwaffe crashes and bomb, mine and V-weapon explosions – German parachute mines caused fatalities in the town and at nearby Southminster.[8]

Since 1966 Burnham-on-Crouch has had an RNLI lifeboat presence. Initially it operated only during the sailing season, but from 1987 it has done so all year. The on-shore facilities are in the marina with two floating boathouses in Burnham yacht harbour.[9]

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Domesday Book

Domesday Book

Domesday Book – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by the Latin name Liber de Wintonia, meaning "Book of Winchester", where it was originally kept in the royal treasury. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that in 1085 the king sent his agents to survey every shire in England, to list his holdings and dues owed to him.

Thegn

Thegn

In Anglo-Saxon England a thegn was an aristocrat who owned substantial land in one or more counties. He ranked at the third level in lay society, below the king and ealdormen.

Coggeshall

Coggeshall

Coggeshall is a small town in Essex, England, between Colchester and Braintree on the Roman road Stane Street and the River Blackwater. It has almost 300 listed buildings and a market whose charter was granted in 1256 by King Henry III.

St Mary's Church, Burnham on Crouch

St Mary's Church, Burnham on Crouch

St Mary's Church is a Church of England church in Burnham on Crouch, Essex. It is Grade II* listed

Little Dunmow Priory

Little Dunmow Priory

Little Dunmow Priory in Little Dunmow was an Augustinian priory in Essex, England. The priory was founded as a church by Juga de Baynard in 1104, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and consecrated by Maurice, bishop of London. Juga was the widow of Ralph Baynard, baron of Little Dunmow, sheriff of Essex and builder of Baynard's Castle in the City of London, since demolished. Her son Geoffrey was sheriff of Yorkshire who, in 1097, beat William II, Count of Eu in a trial by battle. After her death (c.1106), and following her wishes and the advice of Anselm, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey populated Juga's church with Augustinian canons. In 1110, Lady Juga’s grandson, and Geoffrey’s son, William de Baynard, fell from grace and lost his lands. Henry I gave those lands to Robert Fitz Richard, but Henry and his wife Matilda of Scotland confirmed the canons’ possessions in Little Dunmow. Robert’s wife Maud, the step-daughter of Matilda’s brother David I, gave more lands to the canons, establishing the priory in perpetuity.

United Reformed Church

United Reformed Church

The United Reformed Church (URC) is a Protestant Christian church in the United Kingdom. As of 2022 it has approximately 40,000 members in 1,284 congregations with 334 stipendiary ministers.

Listed building

Listed building

In the United Kingdom a listed building is a structure of particular architectural and/or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. The term has also been used in the Republic of Ireland, where buildings are protected under the Planning and Development Act 2000, although the statutory term in Ireland is "protected structure".

Royal Corinthian Yacht Club

Royal Corinthian Yacht Club

The Royal Corinthian Yacht Club is a watersports organisation based at Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex.

Mangapps Railway Museum

Mangapps Railway Museum

The Mangapps Railway Museum is a heritage railway centre located near Burnham-on-Crouch in Essex, England. The 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of standard gauge running line and museum are owned and operated by the Jolly family assisted by volunteers.

Royal Naval Air Service

Royal Naval Air Service

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

Bristol T.B.8

Bristol T.B.8

The Bristol T.B.8, or Bristol-Coanda T.B.8 was an early British biplane built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company and designed by the Romanian Henri Coandă. Fifty four Bristol T.B.8s were built, being mainly used as a trainer. A small number of Bristol T.B.8s were briefly used as bombers at the start of the World War I by the Royal Naval Air Service.

Royal Flying Corps

Royal Flying Corps

The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the air arm of the British Army before and during the First World War until it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on 1 April 1918 to form the Royal Air Force. During the early part of the war, the RFC supported the British Army by artillery co-operation and photographic reconnaissance. This work gradually led RFC pilots into aerial battles with German pilots and later in the war included the strafing of enemy infantry and emplacements, the bombing of German military airfields and later the strategic bombing of German industrial and transport facilities.

Society and culture

Burnham-on-Crouch holds a bi-annual charity fund-raising pub crawl, an event which first took place in June 2007.[10] Typically more than 100 local people walk through the town in themed fancy dress raising money for the Samaritans. There is both a summer and winter edition of the crawl.

The town has a community-based magazine, The Burnham on Crouch and Dengie Focus which is delivered to every house and business in Burnham and Southminster and can be picked up from collection points throughout Dengie.

On the last Saturday of September, the town holds its Illuminated Carnival, which was held for the 100th year in 2008. The carnival takes place on the High Street and Quay with stalls, sideshows and displays, and culminates with a grand illuminated procession in the evening, which leaves from the clock tower and proceeds around the town.[11] There is also a fancy-dress competition for children. The carnival is sponsored by local businesses.

The Essex town is mentioned in the song "Billericay Dickie", by Ian Dury. This song alludes to Burnham's somewhat upmarket status in the county, with the invitation "Oh golly, oh gosh, Come and lie on the couch, With a nice bit of posh, From Burnham-on-Crouch."[12]

Transport

Rail

Burnham-on-Crouch railway station
Burnham-on-Crouch railway station

In view of the town's comparatively isolated position – 20 miles from Chelmsford, the nearest city – Burnham-on-Crouch railway station represents a vital transport link. The station is situated on a single-line branch from Wickford, which escaped closure in the 1960s by Beeching, as it was used to supply the nearby Bradwell nuclear power station. The branch line was electrified in the 1980s, and provides off-peak services to Wickford with direct services to and from London Liverpool Street during rush hour, thus allowing the town's inclusion in the London commuter belt.

Bus

The town has bus links to Chelmsford. First Essex, services link Burnham On Crouch - Latchingdon - Maldon - Danbury - Chelmsford, and Maldon to Chelmsford.

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Chelmsford

Chelmsford

Chelmsford is a city in the City of Chelmsford district in the county of Essex, England. It is the county town of Essex and one of three cities in the county, along with Southend-on-Sea and Colchester. It is located 30 miles north-east of London at Charing Cross and 22 miles south-west of Colchester. The population of the urban area was 111,511 in the 2011 Census, while the wider district has 168,310.

Burnham-on-Crouch railway station

Burnham-on-Crouch railway station

Burnham-on-Crouch railway station is on the Crouch Valley Line in the East of England, serving the town of Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex. It is 43 miles 24 chains (69.68 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Althorne to the west and Southminster to the east. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is WIS; the station's three-letter station code is BUU. The platform has an operational length for eight-coach trains. It is located near the Mangapps Railway Museum.

Wickford

Wickford

Wickford is a town and civil parish in the south of the English county of Essex, with a population of 33,486. Located approximately 30 miles (50 km) east of London, it is within the Borough of Basildon along with the original town of Basildon, Billericay, Laindon and Pitsea.

Richard Beeching

Richard Beeching

Richard Beeching, Baron Beeching, commonly known as Dr Beeching, was a physicist and engineer who for a short but very notable time was chairman of British Railways. He became a household name in Britain in the early 1960s for his report The Reshaping of British Railways, commonly referred to as The Beeching Report, which led to far-reaching changes in the railway network, popularly known as the Beeching Axe.

Bradwell nuclear power station

Bradwell nuclear power station

Bradwell nuclear power station is a decommissioned Magnox-design nuclear power station located on the Dengie peninsula at the mouth of the River Blackwater, Essex. In 2019, it was the first nuclear power station in the UK to be placed into long-term decommissioned management. As of 2016, China General Nuclear Power Group and China National Nuclear Corporation are considering Bradwell for the site of a new nuclear power station, named Bradwell B.

First Essex

First Essex

First Essex is a bus company operating services in the county of Essex. It is a subsidiary of FirstGroup.

Latchingdon

Latchingdon

Latchingdon is a village situated in the Dengie Peninsula in Essex, England, south of the city of Chelmsford. The parish was at one time called Latchingdon-cum-Snoreham, and Snoreham Hall still exists to the south of Latchingdon.

Danbury, Essex

Danbury, Essex

Danbury is a village in the City of Chelmsford district, in the county of Essex, England. It is located 33.5 miles (53.9 km) northeast of Charing Cross, London and has a population of 6,500. It is situated on a hill 367 feet (112 m) above sea level.

Sport

Yachting

The Royal Corinthian Yacht Club at Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex. The international style building was designed by Joseph Emberton in 1931
The Royal Corinthian Yacht Club at Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex. The international style building was designed by Joseph Emberton in 1931

Burnham-on-Crouch hosts an annual sailing event known as Burnham Week, which takes place in the last week of August. The week includes competitive yacht and dinghy racing on the River Crouch. The event is shared among the four established sailing clubs in Burnham: The Royal Corinthian Yacht Club (linked to the sailing club with the same name in Cowes, Isle of Wight), The Royal Burnham Yacht Club, The Crouch Yacht Club, and The Burnham Sailing Club.

This annual yacht regatta dates back to 1893. In the early years, Burnham Week was regarded as the last event in the sailing calendar. In the days before marinas afforded year-round access, many yachts were laid up for the winter in mud-berths on the east coast rivers. The racing fleets worked their way along the south coast, enjoying various events and regattas, having a final fling at Burnham before laying up. Today, the event is still growing strongly and the various sailing clubs produce many highly regarded sailors. The week provides a range of competitive racing events as well as a full party programme.

Other sporting activities

Burnham-on-Crouch has a non-league football club Burnham Ramblers F.C., which plays at Leslie Fields.

There are rugby union, cricket and lawn bowls clubs, all of which compete at local, county and regional levels.

Burnham Golf Club, an 18-hole course, is at Creeksea, approximately 1.5 miles from the town centre.

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Joseph Emberton

Joseph Emberton

Joseph Emberton was an English architect of the early modernist period. He was born 23 December 1889 in Audley, Staffordshire and was educated at the Royal College of Art. He first worked for the London architects Trehearne and Norman between 1913 and 1914, before serving as a gunner in the Honourable Artillery Company during the First World War.

Royal Corinthian Yacht Club

Royal Corinthian Yacht Club

The Royal Corinthian Yacht Club is a watersports organisation based at Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex.

Royal Burnham Yacht Club

Royal Burnham Yacht Club

The Royal Burnham Yacht Club was founded in 1895. The club is located in Burnham-on-Crouch, England. The RBYC is divided into two groups of members: the cadets nineteen and younger, and the full members who are over nineteen. The club has a colourful history, including the launching of the 1983 Americas Cup Challenge: Victory Challenge. The Club has established relations with the Yacht Club De Monaco. With a team racing event that was held in Monaco for 8 cadets in April 2006. The RBYC also has the largest fleet of RS Elite in the country.

Non-League football

Non-League football

Non-League football describes football leagues played outside the top leagues of a country. Usually, it describes leagues which are not fully professional. The term is primarily used for football in England, where it is specifically used to describe all football played at levels below those of the Premier League and the three divisions of the English Football League. Currently, a non-League team would be any club playing in the National League or below that level. Typically, non-League clubs are either semi-professional or amateur in status, although the majority of clubs in the National League are fully professional, some of which are former EFL clubs who have suffered relegation.

Burnham Ramblers F.C.

Burnham Ramblers F.C.

Burnham Ramblers Football Club is a football club based in Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex, England. They are currently members of the Eastern Counties League Division One South and play at Leslie Fields.

Rugby union

Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. Rugby is simply based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is played between two teams of 15 players each, using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field called a pitch. The field has H-shaped goalposts at both ends.

Cricket

Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter. Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.

Source: "Burnham-on-Crouch", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2021, November 2nd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnham-on-Crouch.

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References
  1. ^ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b Stuart Fisher (5 January 2012). Rivers of Britain: Estuaries, tideways, havens, lochs, firths and kyles. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-4081-5583-7. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  3. ^ a b c M.P.B. Fautley; J.H. Garon (2004). Essex Coastline: Then and Now. Matthew Fautley. pp. 119–132. ISBN 978-0-9548010-0-7.
  4. ^ World fishing. IPC Industrial Press. 1973.
  5. ^ David St John Thomas (29 July 2010). Remote Britain. frances lincoln ltd. pp. 495–. ISBN 978-0-7112-3054-5. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  6. ^ Peter Ashley (26 April 2011). Cross Country: English Buildings and Landscape From Countryside to Coast. John Wiley & Sons. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-470-68611-9.
  7. ^ Institute of Health Service Administrators (1974). The Hospitals & health services year book and directory of hospital suppliers. Institute of Health Service Administrators. ISBN 978-0-901003-09-6.
  8. ^ ADM 199, DEFE 1 and Ho 192/193 files National Archive, CW 1 series files at Essex County Record Office, J P Foynes "Battle of the East Coast 1939-1945"
  9. ^ "About us – Burnham Lifeboat". www.burnham-rnli.org. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Burnham-On-Crouch pub crawl".
  11. ^ "Burnham has a big celebration". Essex Life. Archant. September 2008. p. 16. Retrieved 18 January 2009. (Registration required).
  12. ^ Ian Durie - Billericay Dickie Lyrics|AZLyrics.com
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