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Brackley

From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Brackley
BrackleyTownHall(AndrewSmith)Mar2006.jpg
Brackley Town Hall
Brackley is located in Northamptonshire
Brackley
Brackley
Location within Northamptonshire
Population16,195 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP5837
• London63 miles (101 km)[2]
Civil parish
  • Brackley
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBrackley
Postcode districtNN13
Dialling code01280
PoliceNorthamptonshire
FireNorthamptonshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
WebsiteBrackley Town Council
List of places
UK
England
Northamptonshire
52°01′55″N 1°08′49″W / 52.032°N 1.147°W / 52.032; -1.147Coordinates: 52°01′55″N 1°08′49″W / 52.032°N 1.147°W / 52.032; -1.147
For Brackley in Canada, see Brackley, Prince Edward Island and for Brackley in Ireland see Brackley, Templeport

Brackley is a market town and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, bordering Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, 19 miles (31 km) from Oxford and 22 miles (35 km) from Northampton. Historically a market town based on the wool and lace trade, it was built on the intersecting trade routes between London, Birmingham, the Midlands, Cambridge and Oxford. Brackley is close to Silverstone and home to the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team.

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Market town

Market town

A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rural towns with a hinterland of villages are still commonly called market towns, as sometimes reflected in their names.

West Northamptonshire

West Northamptonshire

West Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area covering part of the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, created in 2021. By far the largest settlement in West Northamptonshire is the county town of Northampton. Its other significant towns are Daventry, Brackley and Towcester; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands and is passed through by the West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways, thus hosting a relatively high number of hospitality attractions as well as distribution centres as these are key English transport routes. Close to these is the leisure-use Grand Union Canal.

Oxfordshire

Oxfordshire

Oxfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in South East England. It is locally governed by Oxfordshire County Council and the lower-tier authorities of its five non-metropolitan districts: City of Oxford, Cherwell, South Oxfordshire, Vale of White Horse, and West Oxfordshire. The county is landlocked and bordered by Northamptonshire to the north-east, Warwickshire to the north-west, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, Wiltshire to the south-west, and Gloucestershire to the west. The areas of Oxfordshire south of the River Thames were part of the historic county of Berkshire, including the county's highest point, the 261-metre (856 ft) White Horse Hill. The largest settlement in the county is Oxford, its only city, with an estimated population of 151,584.

Buckinghamshire

Buckinghamshire

Buckinghamshire, abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-east and Hertfordshire to the east.

Oxford

Oxford

Oxford is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. It had a population of 162,100 at the 2021 census. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.

Northampton

Northampton

Northampton is a market town and civil parish in the East Midlands of England, on the River Nene, 60 miles (97 km) north-west of London and 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is the historic county town of Northamptonshire, but since local government changes in 2021, it has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority of West Northamptonshire. Northampton is one of the largest towns in England; In the 2021 census its urban area had a population of 245,899, increased from 215,273 at the 2011 census.

Birmingham

Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West Midlands metropolitan county, and approximately 4.3 million in the wider metropolitan area. It is the largest UK metropolitan area outside of London. Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom.

Cambridge

Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately 55 miles (89 km) north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge became an important trading centre during the Roman and Viking ages, and there is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area as early as the Bronze Age. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although modern city status was not officially conferred until 1951.

Silverstone Circuit

Silverstone Circuit

Silverstone Circuit is a motor racing circuit in England, near the Northamptonshire villages of Towcester, Silverstone and Whittlebury. It is the home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted as the 1948 British Grand Prix. The 1950 British Grand Prix at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created World Championship of Drivers. The race rotated between Silverstone, Aintree and Brands Hatch from 1955 to 1986, but settled permanently at the Silverstone track in 1987. The circuit also hosts the British round of the MotoGP series.

Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

Mercedes-Benz, a brand of the Mercedes-Benz Group, has been involved in Formula One as both team owner and engine manufacturer for various periods since 1954. The Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team, which is based in Brackley, England, and possesses a German licence, as of 2022 majority owned by the Mercedes-Benz Group with Toto Wolff having a significant shareholding. Mercedes-branded teams are often referred to by the nickname, the "Silver Arrows". An announcement was made in December 2020 that Ineos planned to take a one third equal ownership stake alongside the Mercedes-Benz Group and Wolff; this came into effect on 25 January 2022.

History

The place-name 'Brackley' is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Brachelai. It appears as Brackelea in 1173 and as Brackeley in 1230 in the Pipe Rolls. The name means 'Bracca's glade or clearing'.[3] Brackley was held in 1086 by Earl Alberic, after which it passed to the Earl of Leicester, and to the families of De Quincy and Roland.[4][5]

In the 11th and 12th centuries Brackley was in the Hundred of Odboldistow and in the Manor of Halse. Richard I (The Lionheart) named five official sites for jousting tournaments so that such events could not be used as local wars, and Brackley was one of these. The tournament site is believed to be to the south of the castle where the A422 now passes.

The town was the site of an important meeting between the barons and representatives of the King in 1215, the year of Magna Carta. Magna Carta required King John to proclaim rights, respect laws and accept that the King's wishes were subject to law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether freemen, serfs, slaves or prisoners—most notably allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment. King John and the barons were to have signed Magna Carta at Brackley Castle, but they eventually did so at Runnymede.

Market day was on Sundays until 1218, when it was changed to Wednesdays.[6] It is now on Friday mornings.

The Tudor antiquary John Leland visited Brackley, where he learned 'a Lord of the Towne' named Neville had (at an uncertain point in the past) had the parish vicar murdered. This he had done by having the man buried alive. The writer Daniel Codd observed that in the grounds of St Peter's Church, a human-shaped stone effigy is sometimes pointed out as being connected with the event.[7]

In 1597 the town was incorporated by Elizabeth I. It had a mayor, six aldermen and 26 burgesses.

In 1602, the metaphysical poet John Donne was elected as Member of Parliament for the constituency of Brackley.[8]

Brackley used to be known for wool and lace-making.

It had 20 houses in the 18th century.[5] In August 1882 the Brackley Lawn Tennis Club organised the Brackley LTC Tournament, as part of the Brackley Show.[9][10]

In 1901 the population of the town was 2,467.

Brackley Poor Law Union

Brackley used the poor house at Culworth until 1834, when Parliament passed the Poor Law Amendment Act and as a result Brackley Poor Law Union was founded.[11] A workhouse for 250 people was built in 1836, southwest of the town on Banbury Road. It was demolished in the 1930s.

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Domesday Book

Domesday Book

Domesday Book – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by the Latin name Liber de Wintonia, meaning "Book of Winchester", where it was originally kept in the royal treasury. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states that in 1085 the king sent his agents to survey every shire in England, to list his holdings and dues owed to him.

Earl of Leicester

Earl of Leicester

Earl of Leicester is a title that has been created seven times. The first title was granted during the 12th century in the Peerage of England. The current title is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and was created in 1837.

Richard I of England

Richard I of England

Richard I was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. Richard is known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The troubadour Bertran de Born also called him Richard Oc-e-Non, possibly from a reputation for terseness.

Magna Carta

Magna Carta

Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta, is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.

Antiquarian

Antiquarian

An antiquarian or antiquary is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifacts, archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past, and is perhaps best encapsulated in the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts, not theory."

John Leland (antiquary)

John Leland (antiquary)

John Leland or Leyland was an English poet and antiquary.

Metaphysical poets

Metaphysical poets

The term Metaphysical poets was coined by the critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of 17th-century English poets whose work was characterised by the inventive use of conceits, and by a greater emphasis on the spoken rather than lyrical quality of their verse. These poets were not formally affiliated and few were highly regarded until 20th century attention established their importance.

John Donne

John Donne

John Donne ( DUN; was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a cleric in the Church of England. Under royal patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's Cathedral in London. He is considered the preeminent representative of the metaphysical poets. His poetical works are noted for their metaphorical and sensual style and include sonnets, love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs and satires. He is also known for his sermons.

Brackley (UK Parliament constituency)

Brackley (UK Parliament constituency)

Brackley was a parliamentary borough in Northamptonshire, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1547 until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

Brackley LTC Tournament

Brackley LTC Tournament

The Brackley LTC Tournament was a late Victorian era combined men's and women's grass court tennis tournament staged only one time from 1 to 6 August 1882 at the Brackley Lawn Tennis Club, Brackley, West Northamptonshire, England.

Culworth

Culworth

Culworth is a village and civil parish about 7 miles (11 km) north of Brackley in West Northamptonshire, England. Culworth is also about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of the north Oxfordshire town of Banbury.

Poor Law Amendment Act 1834

Poor Law Amendment Act 1834

The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (PLAA) known widely as the New Poor Law, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by the Whig government of Earl Grey. It completely replaced earlier legislation based on the Poor Relief Act 1601 and attempted to fundamentally change the poverty relief system in England and Wales. It resulted from the 1832 Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws, which included Edwin Chadwick, John Bird Sumner and Nassau William Senior. Chadwick was dissatisfied with the law that resulted from his report. The Act was passed two years after the Representation of the People Act 1832 which extended the franchise to middle class men. Some historians have argued that this was a major factor in the PLAA being passed.

Notable buildings

Castle

Brackley Castle was built soon after 1086. Its earthwork remains lie between Hinton Road and Tesco. It comprised a motte mound 10 feet (3.0 m) high and approximately 44 yards (40 m) in diameter with an outer bailey to the east. Archaeological excavation has revealed evidence of a ditch defining the perimeter of the bailey. Two fishponds originally lay outside the ditch but have subsequently been infilled – however south of St. James Lake may have formed a part of this. Brackley Castle may have gone out of use in 1147. It was destroyed between 1173[12] (when the then lord of the manor, the Earl of Leicester, Robert le Blancmain, fell out with Henry II) and 1217 (when the Earl of Winchester, Blancmain's heir, was on the losing side against Henry III during the First Barons' War.[13] The site was later granted to the Hospital of SS. James and John.

Parish church

The oldest part of the Church of England parish church of Saint Peter at the eastern end of the town centre is an 11th-century Norman south doorway.[14] Both the four-bay arcade of the south aisle[15] and the west tower with its niches containing seated statues[14] were added in the 13th century. Next the chancel was rebuilt, probably late in the 13th century.[15] The north arcade and the windows in both the north and south aisles were probably added early in the 14th century, about the same time as the Decorated Gothic chapel was added to the chancel.[15]

Medieval hospitals

In about 1150 Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester founded the Hospital of St. James and St. John.[16] Its master was a priest, assisted by a number of religious brothers. Its duties included providing accommodation and care for poor travellers.[16] In the 15th century there were complaints that successive masters were absentees, holding other livings at the same time as being in charge of the hospital.[16] The hospital was closed in 1423 for maladministration but re-established in 1425.[16] In 1449 a master was appointed who seems to have continued the practice of non-residence while holding parish livings elsewhere.[16] In 1484 the patron, Viscount Lovell granted control of the hospital to William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, citing its failure to give hospitality and alms.[16]

Waynflete had founded Magdalen College, Oxford in 1458 and Magdalen College School, Oxford in 1480. He made the former hospital part of their property and by 1548 it was Magdalen College School, Brackley. St James' chapel became the school chapel, in which use it remains today. It is the oldest building in Great Britain in continuous use by a school. The oldest part of the chapel is the west doorway, which is late Norman.[15] Most of its windows are slightly later, being Early English Gothic lancet windows.[12] The trio of stepped lancets above the west doorway are late 13th century.[15] The Gothic Revival architect Charles Buckeridge restored the chapel in 1869–70.[15]

The Hospital of St. Leonard was a smaller institution, founded to care for lepers.[17] It was ½ mile (800 m) from SS. James and John, apparently on the northern edge of Brackley.[17] It was in existence by 1280. After 1417 it shared the same master as SS. James and John and thereafter there is no separate record of St. Leonard's, so the larger hospital may have taken it over.[17] No buildings of St. Leonard's hospital have survived.

Secular buildings

The junction with Buckingham Road and High Street, Brackley in 2004
The junction with Buckingham Road and High Street, Brackley in 2004

The almshouses were founded in 1633 by Sir Thomas Crewe of Steane.[12] They have one storey plus attic dormers.[12] They were originally six houses but by 1973 they had been converted into four apartments.[12]

Brackley Manor House was also a 17th-century Jacobean building that also originally had one storey plus attic dormers.[12] In 1875–78 the Earl of Ellesmere had it rebuilt on a larger scale, in the same style but retaining only the doorway and one window of the original building.[12] It is now Winchester House School,[18] a coeducational preparatory school for children aged from 3–13. It used to be a Woodard School.[12]

Brackley Town Hall is Georgian, built in 1706 by the 4th Earl of Bridgewater.[12] The ground floor was originally open but has since been enclosed.[12] Market Place and Bridge Street feature number of other early 18th-century houses and inns, mostly of brick and in several cases combining red and blue bricks in a chequer pattern.[12]

The town park belongs to the National Trust and hosts the Folk in the Park[19] festival.

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First Barons' War

First Barons' War

The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners led by Robert Fitzwalter waged war against King John of England. The conflict resulted from King John's disastrous wars against King Philip II of France, which led to the collapse of the Angevin Empire, and John's subsequent refusal to accept and abide Magna Carta, which John had sealed on 15 June 1215.

Church of England parish church

Church of England parish church

A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within each Church of England parish.

Bay (architecture)

Bay (architecture)

In architecture, a bay is the space between architectural elements, or a recess or compartment. The term bay comes from Old French baie, meaning an opening or hole.

Arcade (architecture)

Arcade (architecture)

An arcade is a succession of contiguous arches, with each arch supported by a colonnade of columns or piers. Exterior arcades are designed to provide a sheltered walkway for pedestrians. The walkway may be lined with retail stores. An arcade may feature arches on both sides of the walkway. Alternatively, a blind arcade superimposes arcading against a solid wall. Blind arcades are a feature of Romanesque architecture that influenced Gothic architecture. In the Gothic architectural tradition, the arcade can be located in the interior, in the lowest part of the wall of the nave, supporting the triforium and the clerestory in a cathedral, or on the exterior, in which they are usually part of the walkways that surround the courtyard and cloisters.

Chancel

Chancel

In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar, including the choir and the sanctuary, at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse.

John the Evangelist

John the Evangelist

John the Evangelist is the name traditionally given to the author of the Gospel of John. Christians have traditionally identified him with John the Apostle, John of Patmos, and John the Presbyter, although this has been disputed by most modern scholars.

Benefice

Benefice

A benefice or living is a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services. The Roman Empire used the Latin term beneficium as a benefit to an individual from the Empire for services rendered. Its use was adopted by the Western Church in the Carolingian Era as a benefit bestowed by the crown or church officials. A benefice specifically from a church is called a precaria, such as a stipend, and one from a monarch or nobleman is usually called a fief. A benefice is distinct from an allod, in that an allod is property owned outright, not bestowed by a higher authority.

Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell

Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell

Francis Lovell, 9th Baron Lovell, 6th Baron Holand, later 1st Viscount Lovell, KG was an English nobleman who was an ally of King Richard III during the War of the Roses. Sir William Catesby, Sir Richard Ratcliffe and he were among Richard's closest supporters, famously called "the Cat, the Rat and Lovell our dog" in an anti-Ricardian squib. In addition to being an ally, Lovell is described as Richard's best friend.

Bishop of Winchester

Bishop of Winchester

The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Winchester in the Church of England. The bishop's seat (cathedra) is at Winchester Cathedral in Hampshire. The Bishop of Winchester has always held ex officio the office of Prelate of the Most Noble Order of the Garter since its foundation in 1348, and Bishops of Winchester often held the positions of Lord Treasurer and Lord Chancellor ex officio. During the Middle Ages, it was one of the wealthiest English sees, and its bishops have included a number of politically prominent Englishmen, notably the 9th century Saint Swithun and medieval magnates including William of Wykeham and Henry of Blois.

Magdalen College, Oxford

Magdalen College, Oxford

Magdalen College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete. Today it is the wealthiest college, with total assets of £977 million as of 2022, and one of the strongest academically, setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then. It is home to several of the university's distinguished chairs, including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship, the Sherardian Professorship, and the four Waynflete Professorships.

Magdalen College School, Oxford

Magdalen College School, Oxford

Magdalen College School (MCS) is a public school in Oxford, England, for boys aged seven to eighteen and for girls in the sixth form. It was founded by William Waynflete about 1480 as part of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Magdalen College School, Brackley

Magdalen College School, Brackley

Magdalen College School, Brackley, in Northamptonshire, is one of three ancient "Magdalen College Schools", the others being Magdalen College School in Oxford, and Wainfleet All Saints in Lincolnshire, all associated with Magdalen College, Oxford and its founder William Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester. Located in the town of Brackley, the school occupies two sites: Waynflete site and St John's site. The Waynfleye site was formerly a Secondary Modern school. This site accommodates most of the secondary school students' lessons, after which students transfer to the St John's site for more of their lessons during the Sixth Form. Today the school has approximately 1,500 students, and averages 59% A*–C at GCSE

Transport

Roads and buses

Brackley is close to the A43 road, which now bypasses the town, linking it to Towcester and Northampton to the north-east and the M40 motorway to the west. The A422 links it to Banbury and Buckingham.

The town has numerous bus services and is connected to major towns and cities including Banbury (499, 500), Bicester (505), Buckingham, Towcester, Oxford and Northampton (currently 88) In 2003 the X38 Oxford-Northampton express service became the X6 with the introduction of the 88 to serve villages en route to Northampton (such as Towcester, Blisworth and Milton Malsor). In September 2007, Stagecoach Midlands' Oxford-Brackley-Towcester-Northampton services were reduced with the merging of the 88 and X6 as route X88. In September 2011 the 88 service covering the Northampton to Oxford route, was replaced by the 8. The route of which starts at Northampton and now terminates at Bicester. After 2016, the 8 was renumbered once again to 88 with timetable changes. A few months later, the 88 was further reduced only running between Northampton and Silverstone, with one off-peak journey numbered X88 and terminating at Brackley Tesco. In November 2017 the reintroduction of an almost hourly route 88 to Northampton. Also using the same vehicle and driver a brand new hourly service X91 has been introduced going to Milton Keynes. The financial support for both of these come from "Section 106" money from house builders required to improve local amenities. These services replace the X88 buses which had previously run in peak times to Northampton.

Railways

Approximate route of the London-Birmingham section of HS2 based on the official description.[20] It would pass just south and west of Southam and through Brackley.
Approximate route of the London-Birmingham section of HS2 based on the official description.[20] It would pass just south and west of Southam and through Brackley.

There are no railways stations in Brackley - the nearest stations are at Kings Sutton, about 6 miles (10 km) west of the town and Banbury, around 8 miles (13 km) away. A bus service links Brackley town centre to Banbury station.[21] Brackley had two railway stations but these were closed in the 1960s.

Brackley's first station, known in its latter years as Brackley Town, opened in May 1850 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway's Buckingham and Brackley Junction line between Verney Junction and Banbury Merton Street via Buckingham. The London and North Western Railway operated the line from the beginning and absorbed the Buckinghamshire Railway Company in 1879. British Railways withdrew passenger trains from the line through Brackley Town station in January 1961 and closed the line to freight in 1966.

Brackley's second station was Brackley Central, opened in March 1899 on the Great Central Main Line, which was the last main line to be built between northern England and London. The GC Main Line included Brackley Viaduct across the Ouse Valley southeast of the town, which was 255 yards (233 m) in length, 62 feet (19 m) high, had 20 brick arches and two girder spans. British Railways withdrew passenger trains from the line through Brackley Central in September 1966. Brackley Viaduct was demolished in sections early in 1978.

Chiltern Railways is said to want to restore services between London Marylebone and Rugby along the former Great Central Main Line.[22] This would have Brackley Central railway station reopen with direct services to London, Aylesbury and Rugby. However, the Department for Transport has chosen part of the former Great Central route north-west of Brackley as part of the new High Speed 2 line between London and Birmingham.[23] A station at Brackley is not currently proposed.[24]

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A43 road

A43 road

The A43 is a primary route in the English Midlands and northern South East England, that runs from the M40 motorway near Ardley in Oxfordshire to Stamford in Lincolnshire. Through Northamptonshire it bypasses the towns of Northampton, Kettering and Corby which are the three principal destinations on the A43 route. The A43 also links to the M1 motorway.

Towcester

Towcester

Towcester is an affluent market town in Northamptonshire, England. It currently lies in West Northamptonshire but was the former administrative headquarters of the South Northamptonshire district council.

Northampton

Northampton

Northampton is a market town and civil parish in the East Midlands of England, on the River Nene, 60 miles (97 km) north-west of London and 50 miles (80 km) south-east of Birmingham. It is the historic county town of Northamptonshire, but since local government changes in 2021, it has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority of West Northamptonshire. Northampton is one of the largest towns in England; In the 2021 census its urban area had a population of 245,899, increased from 215,273 at the 2011 census.

M40 motorway

M40 motorway

The M40 motorway links London, Oxford, and Birmingham in England, a distance of approximately 89 miles (143 km).

A422 road

A422 road

The A422 is an "A" road for east–west journeys in south central England, connecting the county towns of Bedford and Worcester by way of Milton Keynes, Buckingham, Banbury and Stratford-upon-Avon. For most of its length, it is a narrow single carriageway.

Banbury

Banbury

Banbury is a historic market town on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. It had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Buckingham

Buckingham

Buckingham is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 16 miles (26 km) south-east of Banbury, and 21 miles (34 km) north-east of Oxford.

Bicester

Bicester

Bicester is a historical market town, garden town, and civil parish in the Cherwell district of northeastern Oxfordshire in south-central England that also comprises an eco town at North-East Bicester and self-build village at Graven Hill. Its local market continues to thrive and is now located on Sheep Street, a very wide pedestrian zone in the conservation area of the town. Bicester is also known for Bicester Village, a nearby shopping centre selling discounted branded clothing.

Oxford

Oxford

Oxford is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. It had a population of 162,100 at the 2021 census. It is 56 miles (90 km) north-west of London, 64 miles (103 km) south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles (98 km) north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science.

Blisworth

Blisworth

Blisworth is a village and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire, England. The West Coast Main Line, from London Euston to Manchester and Scotland, runs alongside the village partly hidden and partly on an embankment. The Grand Union Canal passes through the village and the north portal of the Blisworth tunnel is near Stoke Road.

Milton Malsor

Milton Malsor

Milton Malsor is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 761. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Northampton town centre, 45 miles (72 km) south-east of Birmingham, and 66 miles (106 km) north of central London; junction 15 of the M1 motorway is 2 miles (3.2 km) east by road. The area of the Milton Malsor civil parish is about 1,650 acres (670 ha), stretching from north of the M1 motorway between junctions 15 and 15A, south to the West Coast Main Line, east to the A508 and A45 roads, and west to the A43 road.

Stagecoach Midlands

Stagecoach Midlands

Stagecoach Midlands operates most bus routes in Northamptonshire and Warwickshire; the legal name for the company is Midland Red (South) Ltd.The company was previously split into Midland Red in Warwickshire and United Counties Omnibus in Northampton; however, the two were merged together under the Midland Red identity in 2021.

Industry

Brackley is near the Silverstone motor racing circuit, and has some industry related to Formula One racing, notably Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team (formerly Brawn GP, Honda, British American Racing and Tyrrell) which is based in the town, and the Aston Martin F1 team which operates a wind tunnel on the former site of the north railway station yard. On the east outskirts of the town was H. Bronnley & Co., makers of hand-made soaps who hold Royal Warrants of Appointment for supplying Queen Elizabeth II and King Charles III.

Further information: KW Motorsport Ltd and Reynard Motorsport

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Silverstone Circuit

Silverstone Circuit

Silverstone Circuit is a motor racing circuit in England, near the Northamptonshire villages of Towcester, Silverstone and Whittlebury. It is the home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted as the 1948 British Grand Prix. The 1950 British Grand Prix at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created World Championship of Drivers. The race rotated between Silverstone, Aintree and Brands Hatch from 1955 to 1986, but settled permanently at the Silverstone track in 1987. The circuit also hosts the British round of the MotoGP series.

Formula One

Formula One

Formula One is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix. Grands Prix take place in multiple countries and continents around the world on either purpose-built circuits or closed public roads.

Brawn GP

Brawn GP

Brawn GP was a Formula One constructor which competed in the 2009 Formula One World Championship, with drivers Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello. The team was formed in 2009 by a management buyout led by Ross Brawn of the Honda Racing F1 Team, after Honda announced their withdrawal from the sport in December 2008 due to the global financial crisis.

British American Racing

British American Racing

British American Racing (BAR) was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005. BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell, and used Supertec engines for their first year. Subsequently, they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years.

Tyrrell Racing

Tyrrell Racing

The Tyrrell Racing Organisation was an auto racing team and Formula One constructor founded by Ken Tyrrell (1924–2001) which started racing in 1958 and started building its own cars in 1970. The team experienced its greatest success in the early 1970s, when it won three Drivers' Championships and one Constructors' Championship with Jackie Stewart. The team never reached such heights again, although it continued to win races through the 1970s and into the early 1980s, taking the final win for the Ford Cosworth DFV engine at Detroit in 1983. The team was bought by British American Tobacco in 1997 and completed its final season as Tyrrell in 1998. Tyrrell's legacy continues in Formula One as the Mercedes-AMG F1 team, who is Tyrrell's descendant through various sales and rebrandings via BAR, Honda and Brawn GP.

Aston Martin in Formula One

Aston Martin in Formula One

Aston Martin is a British car manufacturer that has participated in Formula One in various forms and is currently racing in F1 under the Aston Martin Aramco Cognizant F1 Team name. The company first participated in Formula One during the 1959 season where they debuted the DBR4 chassis using their own engine but it failed to score any points. They continued to perform poorly through the 1960 season, once again failing to score any points. As a result, Aston Martin decided to leave Formula One after 1960.

Wind tunnel

Wind tunnel

Wind tunnels are large tubes with air blowing through them which are used to replicate the interaction between air and an object flying through the air or moving along the ground. Researchers use wind tunnels to learn more about how an aircraft will fly. NASA uses wind tunnels to test scale models of aircraft and spacecraft. Some wind tunnels are large enough to contain full-size versions of vehicles. The wind tunnel moves air around an object, making it seem as if the object is flying.

H. Bronnley & Co.

H. Bronnley & Co.

H. Bronnley & Co. is a British soap and toiletries producer established in 1884 in London. The company moved to Brackley, Northamptonshire before 1961 and was located in the old Chesham and Brackley Brewery premises, with their box making department located across the road in an old manor house. Following closure of its factory, the company relocated its head office to Milton Keynes in 2013.

KW Motorsport Ltd

KW Motorsport Ltd

KW Motorsport Ltd have a wide range of engineering consultancy in Champ car and Le Mans series including the design of the Nasamax, Protan and Creation AutoSportif chassis that are based on Reynard Motorsports original products. The Company is based alongside its sister company KW Special Projects Ltd at Reynard Park, Brackley, England, where it is currently working on the adaptation and regeneration of MARCH Engineering’s iconic Le Mans prototype, the MARCH 75S.

Reynard Motorsport

Reynard Motorsport

Reynard Motorsport was the world's largest racing car manufacturer in the 1980s. Initially based at Bicester and latterly at Reynard Park, Brackley, England the company built successful cars in Formula Ford 1600, Formula Ford 2000, Formula Vauxhall Lotus, Formula Three, Formula 3000 and CART.

Schools

Brackley has four primary schools: Bracken Leas,[25] Southfield Primary Academy,[26] The Radstone Primary School and Brackley Junior School. The town also has Waynflete Infants' School,[27] most of whose pupils progress to Brackley Church of England Junior School.[28] There is a private pre-prep/prep school for 3- to 13-year-olds, Winchester House.[29] Magdalen College School, Brackley is the comprehensive secondary school for the town and surrounding villages.

Morris dancing

The Brackley Morris Men are one of only seven 'traditional Cotswold' sides remaining in England, and the only one to survive in Northamptonshire.[30] Their history dates back to the 1600s when a solid silver communion plate was given to the parish. The plate which is still in the possession of St Peter's Church is dated 1623, and is inscribed with the names of seven men, whom local folklore believes to have been the Morris dancers.[31] In 1725 the men were paid half a guinea to dance at the Whitsun Ale at Aynho House.[32] In 1766 their 'Squire' was arrested in Oxford for his insolence and committed to Bridewell as a vagrant.[33] In 1866 an article in the Oxford Chronicle reported on their performance in Banbury, describing their 'many coloured ribbons and other gaudy finery', and the 'witless buffoonery' of their 'fool'.[34] The side still performs today.[35]

Sports and leisure

Brackley cricket Club run 2 Saturday Teams and a Midweek Team as well as a Kwik Cricket and Junior Teams. They play in the Cherwell Cricket League and play at Brackley Cricket Club Ground.

Brackley Squash Club, silver clubmark accreditation, established 39 years has a thriving 230 members plus with 4 teams men's, ladies, junior sections and 2019 Division 1 and County Champions of the Oxfordshire district, a first time ever in the club's history for Division 1. www.brackleysquash.co.uk. 2016 Northamptonshire Sport "Community club of the year". 2017 ENGLAND Squash "venue of the year".

Brackley Town Football Club,[36] known as the Saints, play in National League North. Its finest season was in 2013–14 when it reached the FA Cup Second Round having beaten League One side Gillingham 1–0 in a First round replay following a 1–1 draw. Brackley Town's ground is St James Park. They won the FA Trophy in 2018, this being the first time in the club's history.

Brackley Rugby Union Football Club[37] currently plays in the English Rugby Union Midland Division's Midlands 3 East (South) League. It hosts two senior sides and a number of teams in the junior section.

Brackley Sports Football Club first team plays in the North Bucks and District League Premier Division and its reserve team plays in the North Bucks and District League Intermediate Division. It also has a ladies' team that plays in the Northants Women's League.[38]

Brackley Athletic Football Club[39] is a junior football club affiliated with the Northamptonshire Football Association. It plays in three leagues: the under 7s – 10s are in the Milton Keynes & District Junior Sevens League, the under 11s – 16s are in the Milton Keynes & Border Counties League and the girls' team is in the Oxford Girls' Football League.

Brackley has a tennis club,[40] a leisure centre and swimming pool,[41] a martial arts academy and a badminton club.[42]

South of the town is St. James lake, a balancing lake of almost 3 acres (1 ha) created in 1977.[43] Fishing in the lake is managed by a local angling club.[43] The lake is in a 5 acres (2 ha) wildlife park that is open to the public.[43]

Brackley is also the home of German F1 team Mercedes AMG Petronas having had British team Brawn GP, who were bought out by Mercedes-Benz in 2009. Japanese team Honda F1 and British-American team BAR, who were bought out by Honda in 2006 were previously based in Brackley.[44]

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Brackley Cricket Club Ground

Brackley Cricket Club Ground

Brackley Cricket Club Ground is a cricket ground in Brackley, Northamptonshire. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1962, when Brackley Cricket Club moved from its original ground at Manor Road.

Brackley Town F.C.

Brackley Town F.C.

Brackley Town Football Club is a football club in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England. They are currently members of the National League North, the sixth tier of English football, and play at St. James Park. The club won the FA Trophy in 2018.

National League North

National League North

The National League North, formerly Conference North, is a division of the National League in England, immediately below the National League division. Along with the National League South, it is at the second level of the National League System, and at the sixth tier overall of the English football league system. It consists of teams located in Northern England, Norfolk and the English Midlands. Since the start of the 2015–16 season, the league has been known as the National League North.

FA Cup

FA Cup

The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association. Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent Women's FA Cup has been held since 1970.

Gillingham F.C.

Gillingham F.C.

Gillingham Football Club is a professional association football club based in the town of Gillingham, Kent, England. The only Kent-based club in the Football League, the "Gills" play their home matches at Priestfield Stadium. The team compete in League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system, in the 2022–23 season.

Midlands 3 East (South)

Midlands 3 East (South)

Midlands 3 East (South) is a level 8 English Rugby Union league and level 3 of the Midlands League, made up of teams from the southern part of the East Midlands region including clubs from Bedfordshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and occasionally Cambridgeshire and Oxfordshire, all of whom play home and away matches throughout the season. When this division began in 1992 it was known as Midlands East 2, until it was split into two regional divisions called Midlands 4 East (North) and Midlands 4 East (South) ahead of the 2000–01 season. Further restructuring of the Midlands leagues ahead of the 2009–10 season, led to the current name of Midlands 3 East (South).

Balancing lake

Balancing lake

A balancing lake is a term used in the U.K. describing an element of an urban drainage system used to control flooding by temporarily storing flood waters. The term balancing pond is also used, though typically for smaller storage facilities for streams and brooks.

Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

Mercedes-Benz, a brand of the Mercedes-Benz Group, has been involved in Formula One as both team owner and engine manufacturer for various periods since 1954. The Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team, which is based in Brackley, England, and possesses a German licence, as of 2022 majority owned by the Mercedes-Benz Group with Toto Wolff having a significant shareholding. Mercedes-branded teams are often referred to by the nickname, the "Silver Arrows". An announcement was made in December 2020 that Ineos planned to take a one third equal ownership stake alongside the Mercedes-Benz Group and Wolff; this came into effect on 25 January 2022.

Brawn GP

Brawn GP

Brawn GP was a Formula One constructor which competed in the 2009 Formula One World Championship, with drivers Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello. The team was formed in 2009 by a management buyout led by Ross Brawn of the Honda Racing F1 Team, after Honda announced their withdrawal from the sport in December 2008 due to the global financial crisis.

Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz, commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG is headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Mercedes-Benz AG produces consumer luxury vehicles and commercial vehicles badged as Mercedes-Benz. From November 2019 onwards, Mercedes-Benz-badged heavy commercial vehicles are managed by Daimler Truck, a former part of the Mercedes-Benz Group turned into an independent company in late 2021. In 2018, Mercedes-Benz was the largest brand of premium vehicles in the world, having sold 2.31 million passenger cars.

British American Racing

British American Racing

British American Racing (BAR) was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005. BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell, and used Supertec engines for their first year. Subsequently, they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years.

Honda

Honda

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Closest cities, towns and villages

Discover more about Closest cities, towns and villages related topics

Banbury

Banbury

Banbury is a historic market town on the River Cherwell in Oxfordshire, South East England. It had a population of 54,335 at the 2021 Census.

Daventry

Daventry

Daventry is a market town and civil parish in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority in Northamptonshire, England, close to the border with Warwickshire. At the 2021 Census Daventry had a population of 28,123, making it the sixth largest town in Northamptonshire.

King's Sutton

King's Sutton

King's Sutton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire, England in the valley of the River Cherwell. The village is about 4.1 miles (6.6 km) south-east of Banbury, Oxfordshire.

Bloxham

Bloxham

Bloxham is a village and civil parish in northern Oxfordshire several miles from the Cotswolds, about 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Banbury. It is on the edge of a valley and overlooked by Hobb Hill. The village is on the A361 road. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 3,374.

Buckingham

Buckingham

Buckingham is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 16 miles (26 km) south-east of Banbury, and 21 miles (34 km) north-east of Oxford.

Milton Keynes

Milton Keynes

Milton Keynes is a city and the largest settlement in Buckinghamshire, England, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. At the 2021 Census, the population of its urban area was over 256,000. The River Great Ouse forms its northern boundary; a tributary, the River Ouzel, meanders through its linear parks and balancing lakes. Approximately 25% of the urban area is parkland or woodland and includes two Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs).

Croughton, Northamptonshire

Croughton, Northamptonshire

Croughton is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Brackley. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 992.

Aynho

Aynho

Aynho is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, on the edge of the Cherwell valley 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of the north Oxfordshire town of Banbury and 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Brackley.

Chipping Norton

Chipping Norton

Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold Hills in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.

Bicester

Bicester

Bicester is a historical market town, garden town, and civil parish in the Cherwell district of northeastern Oxfordshire in south-central England that also comprises an eco town at North-East Bicester and self-build village at Graven Hill. Its local market continues to thrive and is now located on Sheep Street, a very wide pedestrian zone in the conservation area of the town. Bicester is also known for Bicester Village, a nearby shopping centre selling discounted branded clothing.

Finmere

Finmere

Finmere is a village and civil parish in Oxfordshire, south of the River Great Ouse. It is on the county boundary with Buckinghamshire, almost 4 miles (6 km) west of Buckingham and just over 4 miles (6 km) east of Brackley in Northamptonshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 466.

Aylesbury

Aylesbury

Aylesbury is the county town of Buckinghamshire, South East England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre. It is in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

Source: "Brackley", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 16th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackley.

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Further Reading

Northamptonshire

Towcester

Bicester

South Northamptonshire

Helmdon

Aynho

Daventry (UK Parliament constituency)

A43 road

Blisworth

South Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Magdalen College School, Brackley

Bury Mount

Greatworth

Brackley railway station

Towcester railway station

Helmdon Village railway station

Radstone

Easton Neston
References
  1. ^ "Brackley". City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. ^ Brackley to Charing Cross by shortest route Google Maps
  3. ^ Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.57.
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brackley" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 368–369.
  5. ^ a b "Brackley - British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  6. ^ "Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs to 1516: Northamptonshire". History.ac.uk. 18 June 2003. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  7. ^ Codd, Daniel (2009). Mysterious Northamptonshire. Mysterious Counties. Breedon Books Publishing. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-1-85983-681-1.
  8. ^ Colclough, "Donne, John (1572–1631)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, October 2007 oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 18 May 2010
  9. ^ "Brackley Show: Tho following are particulars the semi finals of the lawn tennis tournament held yesterday: — Ladies' and Gentlemen's Doubles: Mr. E.V.E. Bryan. and Miss A. Barlow beat Mr. R.P. Phipps and Miss A. Meredith and Rev. J. W. Boyd and Miss M. Blencowe beat Mr. W. Blencowe, and Miss. Bullen". Northampton Mercury. Northampton, Northamptonshire, England: British Newspaper Archive. 5 August 1882. p. 7.
  10. ^ Routleges Sporting Annual (1883) Lawn Tennis Tournaments of 1882. George Routledge and Sons. London. England. p.116.
  11. ^ Brackley Poor Law Union and Workhouse 1835 onwards Archived 8 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 117
  13. ^ Clarke, John (1987). The Book of Brackley. Barracuda Books. ISBN 0-86023-285-9.
  14. ^ a b Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 115
  15. ^ a b c d e f Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 116
  16. ^ a b c d e f Serjeantson & Adkins 1906, pp. 151–153
  17. ^ a b c Serjeantson & Adkins 1906, pp. 153–154
  18. ^ "Winchester House School - Private Co-Educational Nursery, Pre-Prep & Prep School". www.winchester-house.org.
  19. ^ "Festivals – Brackley Market Town". www.brackleymarkettown.uk.
  20. ^ "Official description". Department of Transport. Archived from the original on 17 March 2010.
  21. ^ "Bus route".
  22. ^ "Chiltern Train Route". April 2009.
  23. ^ "Adonis Publishes Plans for 540 km Y-Shaped High Speed Network". Railnews. 11 March 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  24. ^ "Station Name: Brackley". Disused Stations Site Record. Subterranea Britannica.
  25. ^ "Bracken Leas Primary School". www.brackenleasschool.co.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Southfield Primary Academy - Brackley". Southfield Primary Academy.
  27. ^ "Waynflete Infants School". 18 August 2004. Archived from the original on 18 August 2004.
  28. ^ "Brackley CE Junior School".
  29. ^ "Overview of Winchester House School | Leading Prep-Prep & Preparatory School in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire & Northamptonshire borders". www.winchester-house.org. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  30. ^ "Morris Ring Member and Associate Side Formation Dates - The Morris Ring". www.themorrisring.org.
  31. ^ Baker, George (1822). History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton. London: John Bowyer Nichols and John Rodwell.
  32. ^ Northamptonshire Record Office, Cartwright papers, Josh Burton 1722–35
  33. ^ "Journal entry". Jackson’s Oxford Journal. 31 May 1766. p. 3.
  34. ^ "Chronicle entry". The Oxford Chronicle. 25 May 1866. p. 7.
  35. ^ "The Brackley Morris Men". www.thebrackleymorrismen.org.uk.
  36. ^ Brackley Town Football Club
  37. ^ "Brackley RUFC". Archived from the original on 24 April 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  38. ^ "IIS7". www.intheteam.com.
  39. ^ Brackley AFC Archived 24 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  40. ^ "Brackley Tennis Club". www.brackleytennisclub.co.uk.
  41. ^ "Brackleyleisure.com". www.brackleyleisure.com.
  42. ^ "bfmaa.co.uk - Crazy Domains". www.bfmaa.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 April 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  43. ^ a b c "St. James Lake". Brackley Town Council Official Guide. Brackley Town Council. Archived from the original on 24 May 2005. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  44. ^ The Brackley App
Further reading
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brackley, Northamptonshire.
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Brackley".
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