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Battle of Marstrand

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Battle of Marstrand
Part of the Scanian War
Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve ved Marstrand.jpg
Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve at Marstrand
Date6–23 July 1677
Location57°53′8.768″N 11°34′51.190″E / 57.88576889°N 11.58088611°E / 57.88576889; 11.58088611Coordinates: 57°53′8.768″N 11°34′51.190″E / 57.88576889°N 11.58088611°E / 57.88576889; 11.58088611
Result Dano-Norwegian victory
Belligerents
Sweden Swedish Empire Denmark Denmark-Norway
Commanders and leaders
Sweden Anders Sinclair Denmark Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
Strength
600 1,600 - 3,000
Battle of Marstrand is located in Västra Götaland
Battle of Marstrand
Location within Västra Götaland
Battle of Marstrand is located in Sweden
Battle of Marstrand
Battle of Marstrand (Sweden)
Battle of Marstrand is located in Baltic Sea
Battle of Marstrand
Battle of Marstrand (Baltic Sea)

The battle of Marstrand was a successful Dano-Norwegian siege of the harbor town of Marstrand, Sweden which took place between 6–23 July 1677, during the Scanian War.

Prelude

In January 1677, a strong point in Strömstad was taken by a Swedish force. After a fiercely cold winter struck, no military movements took place until June, when Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve sent 2,000 men under the command of general Hans Løvenhjelm across the border to Bohuslän to retake Strömstad. After doing this Løvenhielm proceeded to Uddevalla. Simultaneously, Gyldenløve shipped out a considerable force (1,600 men according to Danish sources, 3,000 according to Swedish sources) in the direction of Marstrand. He landed on the neighboring island of Koön on 6 July and began besieging the town.

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Strömstad

Strömstad

Strömstad is a locality and the seat of Strömstad Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 6,288 inhabitants in 2010. For historical reasons, Strömstad is called a city despite its small population.

Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve

Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve

Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig was Governor-general of Norway from 1664–1699. He was the leading general in Norway during the Scanian War, whose Norwegian leg is conventionally named the Gyldenløve War after him.

Bohuslän

Bohuslän

Bohuslän is a Swedish province in Götaland, on the northernmost part of the country's west coast. It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast, Västergötland to the southeast, the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea to the west, and the county of Østfold, in Norway, to the north. In English it literally means Bohus County, although it shared counties with the city of Gothenburg prior to the 1998 county merger and thus was not an administrative unit in its own right.

Uddevalla

Uddevalla

Uddevalla is a town and the seat of Uddevalla Municipality in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. In 2015, it had a population of 34 781.

Siege

Siege

A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from Latin: sedere, lit. 'to sit'. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics.

Development

Carlsten fortress during the Danish siege, 1677, with Hedvigsholm, Malepert, and Gustafsberg.
Carlsten fortress during the Danish siege, 1677, with Hedvigsholm, Malepert, and Gustafsberg.

Marstrand was defended by the fortress of Carlsten and the three strong-points Malepert (on the east side of the northern harbour inlet), Gustafsborg (by the southern harbour inlet), and Hedvigsholm (on a skerry located in the harbour itself). The defenders tallied 600, led by commander (kommendant) Anders Sinclair. When demanded to evacuate the fortress, Sinclair replied "...there was no fortress to yield, but if the enemy would like to visit, there would be a fine welcoming party."

The Danes attacked Hedvigsholm first; after withstanding several attacks, the Swedes defending it were forced to abandon it and retire to Carlsten on 20 July. Malepert had been taken already on 13 July and Gustafsberg was abandoned soon thereafter. Carlsten no longer had outposts, and after strong bombardment from all sides, finally surrendered on 23 July, with the condition that the commander along with his men would be sent to Värmland.

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Aftermath

After taking Carlsten, Gyldenløve installed a strong detachment of troops under Løvenhjelm to defend Marstrand before returning to Norway. Through the conquest of Marstrand Denmark obtained a safe, ice-free harbour. This in turn further enabled the Danish blockade of Gothenburg. However, Løvenhjelm soon found himself threatened by approaching Swedish forces, and retired with his men to Strömstad in August.

Source: "Battle of Marstrand", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 5th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marstrand.

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References
  • Berättelser ur svenska historien, vol 6, p 685, Carl Georg Starbäck & Per Olof Bäckström (1886)
  • Dansk biografisk lexikon, vol 10, p 597, Carl Frederik Bricka (1905)

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