Atlantic surf clam
Atlantic surf clam | |
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A 15 cm adult shell of Spisula solidissima from Long Beach, Long Island. Right valve at the top, left valve at the bottom. | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Bivalvia |
Order: | Venerida |
Superfamily: | Mactroidea |
Family: | Mactridae |
Genus: | Spisula |
Species: | S. solidissima
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Binomial name | |
Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817)
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The Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima), also called the bar clam, hen clam, skimmer or simply sea clam,[1] is a very large, edible, saltwater clam or marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mactridae. It is commonly found in the western Atlantic Ocean. Reaching up to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) or more in length, it is much larger than Spisula solida, which resides in the eastern Atlantic coastal waters.
The shell of this species is a well-known object to beach-goers in the northeastern United States. People on the beach often pick up a large empty shell of this species, either to dig in the sand with, or take home to use as a decorative dish or ashtray.[2]
The species is exported commercially as a food item.
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Distribution
This common species occurs off the east coast of North America from Nova Scotia to South Carolina.[3]
It has also been introduced and farmed in Hokkaidō, northern Japan.
Habitat
Atlantic surf clams live buried in coarse or fine sand. They live offshore as well as in the low intertidal and surf zones.
Life habits
Surf clams can take as little as three months to reach maturity off the New Jersey coast, or as long as four years off Nova Scotia, and can reach an age of 31 years.[4]
These clams use their siphons to pull in and then filter fine particles of organic matter and plankton from the surrounding seawater. Like almost all clams, they are filter feeders.
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Human use
This species is a commercially exploited species, long prized for its sweet flavor. This species is typically harvested from fishing vessels known as dredgers, which use a specialized fishing dredge equipped with high-power hydraulic jets designed to fluidize the sea floor so as to loosen clams from the sediments before it scoops them up.[5]
About two-thirds of a surf clam's shucked weight is viable for human consumption.[6] The meat of the clam is used as 'strips', chowder, and sushi.
The "tongue" or foot of the clam is commercially valuable because it is cut into long strips which are breaded and fried and served as clam strips, first popularized by the Howard Johnson's franchise.
The meat that is left over is separated from the "belly" and is referred to as "salvage" within the clam industry. This meat includes the adductor muscles, which are the strong muscles that close the two halves of the shell and which tightly hold the clam's shell in the shut position. "Salvage" is typically ground up for use in chowders, sauces, and dips, and is commercially available either in cans or frozen. Locally it is available fresh. The substantial "belly" of the clam is used by some fishermen as bait for striped bass and other species.
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Source: "Atlantic surf clam", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, January 27th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_surf_clam.
Further Reading

Shellfish

Clam
Haliotis cracherodii

Clam digging

Pacific razor clam

Spisula solida

Soft-shell clam

Hard clam

Atlantic jackknife clam

Common cockle

Arctica islandica

Spisula
Saxidomus nuttalli

Fishing industry in the United States

Nucula proxima

Cyrtopleura costata

List of edible molluscs
Spisula sachalinensis
References
- ^ Horn, Dan. "Sea Clam". Town of Barnstable. Archived from the original on December 12, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ Taft, Dave (2017-07-13). "Atlantic Surf Clams: Edible, and Collectible". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
- ^ Rehder, H.A. (1981). The Audubon Society Field Guide to Seashells of North America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-51913-2.
- ^ Cargnelli, Luca M; Griesbach, Sara J; Packer, David B; Weissberger, Eric (1999). "Essential fish habitat source document: Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, life history and habitat characteristics" (PDF). NOAA Tech Memo (NMFS NE 142).
- ^ Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald (December 2011). "Review of the Ecological Effects of Dredging in the Cultivation and Harvest of Molluscan Shellfish" (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS-NE-220): 5. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
- ^ "Atlantic Surf Clam". Virginia Marine Products Board. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
- The Long Island Shell Club, 1988. Seashells of Long Island, Long Island Shell Club Inc, New York State.
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2009) |
Categories
- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with 'species' microformats
- Articles with short description
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013
- Bivalves described in 1817
- Edible molluscs
- Fauna of the Northeastern United States
- Fauna of the Southeastern United States
- Mactridae
- Marine molluscs of North America
- Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean
- Molluscs of the United States
- Short description is different from Wikidata
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