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Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)

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Atlantic Fleet
Renown-7.jpg
Capital Ships of the Atlantic Fleet
Active1909–1914;1919–1932
Country United Kingdom
BranchNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Royal Navy
TypeFleet

The Atlantic Fleet was a naval fleet of the Royal Navy. It existed for two separate periods; 1909 until 1914, and then 1919 until 1932.

History

On 14 December 1904 the Channel Fleet was re-styled the 'Atlantic Fleet'.[1] The Atlantic Fleet lasted until 1912 when rising tensions with Germany forced the Royal Navy to relook at fleet formations and the Atlantic Fleet became the 3rd Battle Squadron.[2] The Atlantic Fleet was based at Gibraltar to reinforce either the Channel Fleet or the Mediterranean Fleet, from January 1905 to February 1907. It remained at Gibraltar until April 1912.[3]

The Atlantic Fleet was again formed after the end of World War I, when British naval forces were reorganised to reflect the changed economic and political situation in Europe. The fleet was created upon the disbandment of the Grand Fleet in April 1919, absorbing many, but not all of its elements. It was placed under a Commander-in-Chief, who for part of that year held the title of Commander-in-Chief Atlantic and Home Fleets, before the Home Fleet became the Reserve Fleet and a totally separate command. HMS Queen Elizabeth became the Fleet's flagship and served in that capacity until 1924.[4]

The fleet never fought in a naval battle in its short history. The fleet's only point of note in history was in 1931, during the Invergordon Mutiny. Sailors of the fleet openly refused to obey orders over a dispute on pay sparked by the government at the time.[5] The fleet's short history ended in 1932, when the Admiralty having been shaken by the events of the Invergordon Mutiny, renamed the fleet, as the Home Fleet.[6]

Discover more about History related topics

Channel Fleet

Channel Fleet

The Channel Fleet and originally known as the Channel Squadron was the Royal Navy formation of warships that defended the waters of the English Channel from 1854 to 1909 and 1914 to 1915.

Germany

Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.

World War I

World War I

World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies and the Central Powers. Fighting occurred throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died as a result of genocide, while the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war.

Grand Fleet

Grand Fleet

The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.

Home Fleet

Home Fleet

The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated from the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967. In 1967, it was merged with the Mediterranean Fleet creating the new Western Fleet.

Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)

Reserve Fleet (United Kingdom)

The Reserve Fleet was a Royal Navy formation of decommissioned vessels which could be brought to a state of readiness at time of war.

HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)

HMS Queen Elizabeth (1913)

HMS Queen Elizabeth was the lead ship of her class of five dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the early 1910s, and was often used as a flagship. She served in the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet, and participated in the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916. Her service during the war generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. She and the other super-dreadnought battleships were the first of their type to be powered by oil instead of coal. Queen Elizabeth later served in several theatres during the Second World War, and was scrapped in 1948.

Invergordon Mutiny

Invergordon Mutiny

The Invergordon Mutiny was an industrial action by around 1,000 sailors in the British Atlantic Fleet that took place on 15–16 September 1931. For two days, ships of the Royal Navy at Invergordon were in open mutiny, in one of the few military strikes in British history.

Senior officers

Commanders-in-Chief Atlantic Fleet

The Commander-in-Chief's title was "Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet" between 1910-1912, however, the post was also sometimes styled as "Vice-Admiral Commanding, Atlantic Fleet".

Included:[8]
Rank Flag Name Term
Commander-in-Chief Atlantic Fleet (first formation) [9]
1 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Lord Charles Beresford 31 December 1904 – 1 March 1905
2 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir William H. May 1 March 1905 – 23 February 1907
3 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Assheton Curzon-Howe 23 February 1907 – 19 November 1908
4 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Prince Louis of Battenberg 19 November 1908 – 20 December 1910
5 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir John Jellicoe 20 December 1910 – 19 December 1911
6 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Cecil Burney 19 December 1911 – July, 1914
Included:[11]
Rank Flag Name Term
Commander-in-Chief Atlantic Fleet (second formation) [12]
1 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Charles Madden 8 April 1919 – 15 August 1922
2 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir John de Robeck 15 August 1922 – 15 August 1924
3 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Henry Oliver 15 August 1924 – 15 August 1927
4 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Hubert Brand 15 August 1927 – 17 April 1929
5 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Ernle Chatfield 17 April 1929 – 27 May 1930
6 Vice-Admiral Flag of Vice-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Michael Hodges 27 May 1930 – 6 October 1931
7 Admiral Flag of Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir John Kelly 6 October 1931 – 1932

Rear-Admiral, Second-in-Command, Atlantic Fleet

The post of Rear-Admiral Second-in-Command, Atlantic existed during the first formation of the Atlantic Fleet from June 1904 to August 1912.[13] There were no admirals appointed as seconds-in-command in the fleet's second iteration.

Postholders included:[14]

Rank Flag Name Term
Rear-Admiral, Second-in-Command, Atlantic Fleet
1 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Francis Bridgeman 25 June 1904 – 25 August 1905
2 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Archibald Milne 25 August 1905 – 25 August 1906
3 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg George L.C. Egerton 25 August 1906 – 28 August 1907
4 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir John R. Jellicoe 28 August 1907 – 25 August 1908
5 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg William B. Fisher 25 August 1908 – 26 August 1909
6 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Colin R. Keppel 26 August 1909 – 12 September 1910
7 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sackville Carden 12 September 1910 – 29 August 1911 (co-assigned)
8 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir Christopher Cradock 29 August 1911 – 29 August 1912

Commodore/Rear-Admiral (D) Commanding Destroyer Flotillas, Atlantic Fleet

Post holders included:[15]

Rank Flag Name Term
Commodore(D) Atlantic Fleet/Rear-Admiral (D) Commanding Destroyer Flotillas, Atlantic Fleet
1 Commodore UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Reginald Y. Tyrwhitt December 1913 - 1914
fleet disbanded 1914 - 1919
2 Commodore UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Hugh J.Tweedie 1919 - May 1920
3 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Michael H. Hodges May 1920-July 1922
4 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Arthur K. Waistell July 1922-April 1923
5 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Sir George H.Baird April 1923-September 1924
6 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Colin K. Maclean September 1924–September 1926
7 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Wion de M. Egerton September 1926-July 1928
8 Commodore UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Robin C. Dalglish July 1928-August 1930
9 Commodore UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Edward O.B.S.Osborne August 1930-March 1932 continued as R.Adm (D) HF till July 1932.

Chief of Staff, Atlantic Fleet

Second Formation included [16]
Rank Flag Name Term
Chief of Staff, Atlantic Fleet
1 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Michael H.Hodges April 1919 - May 1920 [17]
2 Commodore 1st Class UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Cyril T. M. Fuller 1 May 1920 – 14 August 1922[18]
2 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg William W. Fisher 14 August 1922 – 14 August 1924 [19]
3 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg Arthur J. Davies 14 August 1924 – October 1927 (initially-Cdre, 1.Cls)[20]
4 Rear-Admiral Flag of Rear-Admiral - Royal Navy.svg the Hon.Matthew R.Best October 1927 – December 1927[21]
5 Commodore UK-Navy-OF6-Flag.svg Geoffrey Blake December 1927 – April 1929 [22]

Discover more about Senior officers related topics

2nd Cruiser Squadron

2nd Cruiser Squadron

The 2nd Cruiser Squadron was a formation of cruisers of the British Royal Navy from 1904 to 1919 and from 1921 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1952.

Assheton Curzon-Howe

Assheton Curzon-Howe

Admiral The Honourable Sir Assheton Gore Curzon-Howe, was a British naval officer who served as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet from 1908 to 1910.

Cecil Burney

Cecil Burney

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cecil Burney, 1st Baronet, was a Royal Navy officer. After seeing action as a junior office in naval brigades during both the Anglo-Egyptian War and the Mahdist War, he commanded a cruiser in operational service during the Second Boer War. As a flag officer he commanded the Plymouth Division of the Home Fleet, the 5th Cruiser Squadron, the Atlantic Fleet and then the 3rd Battle Squadron.

1st Battle Squadron

1st Battle Squadron

The 1st Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships. The 1st Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.

2nd Battle Squadron

2nd Battle Squadron

The 2nd Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships. The 2nd Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.

3rd Battle Squadron

3rd Battle Squadron

The 3rd Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships and other vessels, active from at least 1914 to 1945. The 3rd Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Home Fleet. During the First World War, the Home Fleet was renamed the Grand Fleet. During the Second World War, the squadron covered Atlantic convoys.

1st Destroyer Flotilla

1st Destroyer Flotilla

The 1st Destroyer Flotilla, also styled as the First Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy from 1909 to 1940 and again from 1947 to 1951.

5th Destroyer Flotilla

5th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 5th Destroyer Flotilla, or Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1910 to 1942 and again from 1947 to 1951.

2nd Destroyer Flotilla

2nd Destroyer Flotilla

The British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1909 to 1943 and again from 1945 to 1946.

3rd Destroyer Flotilla

3rd Destroyer Flotilla

The British 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, also styled as Third Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1909 to 1939 and again from 1945 to 1951.

4th Destroyer Flotilla

4th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 4th Destroyer Flotilla , or Fourth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from August 1909 to July 1951.

6th Destroyer Flotilla

6th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 6th Destroyer Flotilla, or Sixth Destroyer Flotilla, was a military formation of the Royal Navy from 1911 to 1939 and again from 1947 to 1951

Components

First formation

Distribution of the Fleet first formation included:[23]
Unit Date Notes
1 2nd Cruiser Squadron January 1905 – March 1909 replaced by 5th CSQ [24]
2 5th Cruiser Squadron March 1909 – April 1912 [25]
3 Atlantic Fleet Flotilla 1906–1907 no destroyers after 1907 [26]
4 8 battleships January 1905 – March 1909 distributed [27]
4 7 pre-dreadnoughts March 1909 – April 1912 distributed [28]

Second formation

Distribution of the Fleet second formation included:[29]
Unit Date Notes
1 1st Battle Squadron 1919 – November 1924 re-titled 2nd BS [30]
2 2nd Battle Squadron 1919 – May 1924 absorbed into 1st BS [31]
3 3rd Battle Squadron March 1926 – May 1930 ex Mediterranean Fleet[32]
4 Battlecruiser Squadron 1919 – September 1936 to Med, 4.39-returned to Home Fleet[33]
5 Aircraft Carriers 1919 – September 1931 [34]
6 Aircraft Carrier Squadron September 1931 – 1932 [35]
7 1st Light Cruiser Squadron 1919 – November 1924 to Mediterranean Fleet[36]
8 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron 1919–1920 re-designated 2nd CSQ [37]
9 2nd Cruiser Squadron[38] 1920–1932 [39]
10 1st Destroyer Flotilla 1919 – April 1925 [40]
10 2nd Destroyer Flotilla 1919 – November 1924 to Mediterranean Fleet[41]
11 3rd Destroyer Flotilla 1919 – August 1923 to Mediterranean Fleet[42]
12 4th Destroyer Flotilla 1919 – August 1923 to Mediterranean Fleet[43]
13 5th Destroyer Flotilla 1919 – April 1925 to Mediterranean Fleet as 1DF [44]
14 6th Destroyer Flotilla 1919–1921 absorbed 8th DF [45]
15 7th Destroyer Flotilla 1925 – August 1928 [46]
16 8th Destroyer Flotilla 1925 – August 1927 to China Station[47]
17 9th Destroyer Flotilla 1925 – August 1927 absorbed 7th DF [48]
18 1st Submarine Flotilla 1919–1927 Rosyth Command to 1926 then to Nore Command till 1927 [49]
19 2nd Submarine Flotilla 1919–1924 Plymouth Command to 1924, after to FO, Malta[50]
20 3rd Submarine Flotilla 1919–1927 Portsmouth Command to 1922 Plymouth Command till 1927 then to 2nd SF [51]
21 5th Submarine Flotilla 1919–1932 Portsmouth Command[52]
22 6th Submarine Flotilla 1919–1932 FO, Portland[53]

Discover more about Components related topics

2nd Cruiser Squadron

2nd Cruiser Squadron

The 2nd Cruiser Squadron was a formation of cruisers of the British Royal Navy from 1904 to 1919 and from 1921 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1952.

5th Cruiser Squadron

5th Cruiser Squadron

The 5th Cruiser Squadron and also known as Cruiser Force D was a formation of cruisers of the British Royal Navy from 1907 to 1915 and then again from 1939 to 1946.

1st Battle Squadron

1st Battle Squadron

The 1st Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships. The 1st Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.

2nd Battle Squadron

2nd Battle Squadron

The 2nd Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships. The 2nd Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet. After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.

3rd Battle Squadron

3rd Battle Squadron

The 3rd Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships and other vessels, active from at least 1914 to 1945. The 3rd Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Home Fleet. During the First World War, the Home Fleet was renamed the Grand Fleet. During the Second World War, the squadron covered Atlantic convoys.

Mediterranean Fleet

Mediterranean Fleet

The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy. The Fleet was one of the most prestigious commands in the navy for the majority of its history, defending the vital sea link between the United Kingdom and the majority of the British Empire in the Eastern Hemisphere. The first Commander-in-Chief for the Mediterranean Fleet was the appointment of General at Sea Robert Blake in September 1654. The Fleet was in existence until 1967.

Home Fleet

Home Fleet

The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated from the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967. In 1967, it was merged with the Mediterranean Fleet creating the new Western Fleet.

1st Destroyer Flotilla

1st Destroyer Flotilla

The 1st Destroyer Flotilla, also styled as the First Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy from 1909 to 1940 and again from 1947 to 1951.

2nd Destroyer Flotilla

2nd Destroyer Flotilla

The British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1909 to 1943 and again from 1945 to 1946.

3rd Destroyer Flotilla

3rd Destroyer Flotilla

The British 3rd Destroyer Flotilla, also styled as Third Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1909 to 1939 and again from 1945 to 1951.

4th Destroyer Flotilla

4th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 4th Destroyer Flotilla , or Fourth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from August 1909 to July 1951.

5th Destroyer Flotilla

5th Destroyer Flotilla

The British 5th Destroyer Flotilla, or Fifth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the Royal Navy from 1910 to 1942 and again from 1947 to 1951.

Source: "Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, December 16th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Fleet_(United_Kingdom).

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References
  1. ^ National Archives records
  2. ^ "Navy Estimates 1912-13". Hansard. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  3. ^ Smith, Gordon. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1900-1914". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 8 August 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  4. ^ "HMS Queen Elizabeth". Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  5. ^ "The Invergordon Mutiny". Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Home Fleet listing for 1933". Archived from the original on 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  7. ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1900-1914: January 1904-February 1907". www.naval-history.net. Graham Smith. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  8. ^ Senior Royal Navy Appointments Archived 15 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Government, H.M. (October 1913). "Flag Officers - Vice Admirals". The Navy List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 87.
  10. ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1900-1914: January 1904-February 1907". www.naval-history.net. Graham Smith. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  11. ^ Whitaker's Almanacks 1919–1932
  12. ^ Government, H.M. (October 1913). "Flag Officers - Vice Admirals". The Navy List. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 87.
  13. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy) - The Dreadnought Project". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 18 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  14. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy) - The Dreadnought Project". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 18 July 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  15. ^ Mackie, Colin (July 2018). "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865" (PDF). gulabin.com. C. Mackie. p. 215. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  16. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy) - The Dreadnought Project". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 18 July 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  17. ^ Mackie, Colin (January 2019). "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865" (PDF). gulabin. C. Mackie. p. 134. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  18. ^ Mackie RN Appointments p.134
  19. ^ Mackie RN Appointments p.134
  20. ^ Mackie RN Appointments p.134
  21. ^ Mackie RN Appointments p.134
  22. ^ Mackie RN Appointments p.134
  23. ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployments 1900-1914". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 8 August 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  24. ^ Watson. 2015
  25. ^ Watson. 2015
  26. ^ Watson. 2015
  27. ^ Watson. 2015
  28. ^ Watson. 2015
  29. ^ Watson, Dr Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1919-1939". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 2 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  30. ^ Watson. 2015
  31. ^ Watson. 2015
  32. ^ Watson. 2015
  33. ^ Watson. 2015
  34. ^ Watson. 2015
  35. ^ Watson. 2015
  36. ^ Watson. 2015
  37. ^ Watson. 2015
  38. ^ Watson. 2015
  39. ^ Watson. 2015
  40. ^ Watson. 2015
  41. ^ Watson. 2015
  42. ^ Watson. 2015
  43. ^ Watson. 2015
  44. ^ Watson. 2015
  45. ^ Watson. 2015
  46. ^ Watson. 2015
  47. ^ Watson. 2015
  48. ^ Watson. 2015
  49. ^ Watson. 2015
  50. ^ Watson. 2015
  51. ^ Watson. 2015
  52. ^ Watson. 2015
  53. ^ Watson. 2015
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