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Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)

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Arroyo Seco
Devil's gate.jpg
The Devil's Gate at the Arroyo Seco River prior to 1920 damming. Note the "devil's profile" in the rock to the right.
Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County) is located in California
Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)
Location of the mouth of Arroyo Seco in California
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
Physical characteristics
SourceSan Gabriel Mountains
 • locationnear Red Box Gap, Angeles National Forest
 • coordinates34°16′10″N 118°06′19″W / 34.26944°N 118.10528°W / 34.26944; -118.10528[1]
 • elevation5,200 ft (1,600 m)
MouthLos Angeles River
 • location
Glendale Narrows, near Lincoln Heights, United States of America
 • coordinates
34°04′44″N 118°13′33″W / 34.07889°N 118.22583°W / 34.07889; -118.22583Coordinates: 34°04′44″N 118°13′33″W / 34.07889°N 118.22583°W / 34.07889; -118.22583[1]
 • elevation
302 ft (92 m)
Length24.9 mi (40.1 km)
Basin size46.7 sq mi (121 km2)
Discharge 
 • locationnear Pasadena[2]
 • average10.1 cu ft/s (0.29 m3/s)[3]
 • minimum0 cu ft/s (0 m3/s)
 • maximum8,620 cu ft/s (244 m3/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftBear Creek, Los Angeles, Millard Creek, Los Angeles

The Arroyo Seco, meaning "dry stream" in Spanish, is a 24.9-mile-long (40.1 km)[4] seasonal river, canyon, watershed, and cultural area in Los Angeles County, California. The area was explored by Gaspar de Portolà who named the stream Arroyo Seco as this canyon had the least water of any he had seen. During this exploration he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamonga) of the Tongva Indians.

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Spanish language

Spanish language

Spanish is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from colloquial Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula. Today, it is a global language with about 486 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain. Spanish is the official language of 20 countries. It is the world's second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese; the world's fourth-most spoken language overall after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language. The largest population of native speakers is in Mexico.

Drainage basin

Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide, made up of a succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills. A basin may consist of smaller basins that merge at river confluences, forming a hierarchical pattern.

Los Angeles County, California

Los Angeles County, California

Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, and sometimes abbreviated as L.A. County, is the most populous county in the United States, with 9,861,224 residents estimated in 2022. Its population is greater than that of 40 individual U.S. states. Comprising 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas within a total area of 4,083 square miles (10,570 km2), it is home to more than a quarter of Californians and is one of the most ethnically diverse U.S. counties. The county's seat, Los Angeles, is the second most populous city in the United States, with about 3.9 million residents.

Waterway course

The watershed begins at Red Box Saddle in the Angeles National Forest near Mount Wilson in the San Gabriel Mountains. As it enters the urbanized area of the watershed, the Arroyo Seco stream flows between La Cañada Flintridge on the west and Altadena on the east. Just below Devil's Gate Dam, the stream passes underneath the Foothill Freeway. At the north end of Brookside Golf Course the stream becomes channelized into a flood control channel and proceeds southward through the golf course.

The Arroyo Seco goes through Pasadena, where it passes the Rose Bowl Stadium as it goes through Brookside Park.[5] The Arroyo Seco stream, which is fed by a watershed of 46.7 square miles (121.0 km2), helps to replenish the Raymond Basin, an aquifer underlying Pasadena that provides about half of the local water supply. This arroyo is one of two major streams that capture rainfall and storm water in Pasadena, the other being Eaton Wash on the eastern side of the city, which is a tributary of the Rio Hondo watershed.[6]

Colorado Street Bridge and the bridge for the Ventura Freeway

The Arroyo Seco then passes under the Ventura Freeway and the Colorado Street Bridge, and it crosses the Raymond Fault at the southern boundary of Pasadena at the San Rafael Hills. The channel continues along the western boundary of South Pasadena, then into northeast Los Angeles flowing southeast of the Verdugo Mountains and Mount Washington.

The Arroyo Seco then proceeds through the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Highland Park, Hermon, Montecito Heights, and Cypress Park. It ends at the confluence with the Los Angeles River near Elysian Park, north of Dodger Stadium and Downtown Los Angeles.[7]

The Arroyo Seco Parkway, or Pasadena Freeway, runs parallel to the channelized Arroyo Seco from South Pasadena to the Los Angeles River.

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Red Box, California

Red Box, California

Red Box is the name of the junction of the Angeles Crest Highway, the Mt. Wilson-Red Box Road, and the Rincon - Red Box Road. It is located at the 1,422 meter (4,666') saddle between Mount Lawlor and San Gabriel Peak. The saddle separates the upper Arroyo Seco drainage from the West Fork of the San Gabriel River.

Angeles National Forest

Angeles National Forest

The Angeles National Forest (ANF) of the U.S. Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains, primarily within Los Angeles County in southern California. The ANF manages a majority of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

Mount Wilson (California)

Mount Wilson (California)

Mount Wilson is a peak in the San Gabriel Mountains, located within the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument and Angeles National Forest in Los Angeles County, California. With only minor topographical prominence the peak is not naturally noticeable from a distance, although it is easily identifiable due to the large number of antennas near its summit. It is a subsidiary peak of nearby San Gabriel Peak.

San Gabriel Mountains

San Gabriel Mountains

The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Transverse Ranges and lies between the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert, with Interstate 5 to the west and Interstate 15 to the east. The range lies in, and is surrounded by, the Angeles and San Bernardino National Forests, with the San Andreas Fault as its northern border.

Foothill Freeway

Foothill Freeway

The Foothill Freeway is a freeway in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, California, running from the Sylmar district of Los Angeles east to Redlands. The western segment is signed as Interstate 210 (I-210) from its western end at I-5 to SR 57 in Glendora, while the eastern segment is signed as State Route 210 (SR 210) to its eastern terminus at I-10. Under the California Streets and Highways Code, the entire Foothill Freeway is legally referred to as Route 210.

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course is a municipal golf facility located in Pasadena, California, United States. Adjacent to the Rose Bowl stadium in the city's Arroyo Seco Natural Park, the 36-hole facility offers the C.W. Koiner Course (#1) and the shorter E.O. Nay Course (#2), divided by the concrete-channeled Arroyo Seco.

Flood control channel

Flood control channel

Flood control channels are large and empty basins which let water flow in and out or dry channels that run below the street levels of some larger cities, so that if and when a flood occurs, the water will run into these channels, and eventually drain into a river or other body of water. Flood channels are sometimes built on the former courses of waterways as a way to reduce flooding.

Rose Bowl (stadium)

Rose Bowl (stadium)

The Rose Bowl is an outdoor athletic stadium located in Pasadena, California. Opened in October 1922, the stadium is recognized as a National Historic Landmark and a California Historic Civil Engineering landmark. At a modern capacity of an all-seated configuration at 92,542, the Rose Bowl is the 16th-largest stadium in the world, the 11th-largest stadium in the United States, and the 10th-largest NCAA stadium. The stadium is 10 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles.

Rio Hondo (California)

Rio Hondo (California)

The Rio Hondo is a tributary of the Los Angeles River in Los Angeles County, California, approximately 16.4 miles (26.4 km) long. As a named river, it begins in Irwindale and flows southwest to its confluence in South Gate, passing through several cities. Above Irwindale its main stem is known as Santa Anita Creek, which extends another 10 miles (16 km) northwards into the San Gabriel Mountains where the source, or headwaters, of the river are found.

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

The Colorado Street Bridge is a historic concrete arch bridge spanning the Arroyo Seco in Pasadena, California.

Raymond Fault

Raymond Fault

The Raymond Fault is a fault across central Los Angeles County and western Ventura County in Southern California.

San Rafael Hills

San Rafael Hills

The San Rafael Hills are a mountain range in Los Angeles County, California. They are one of the lower Transverse Ranges, and are parallel to and below the San Gabriel Mountains, adjacent to the San Gabriel Valley overlooking the Los Angeles Basin.

History

Traditional narrative

Above Devil's Gate, the rapids of the Arroyo Seco are positioned so that the falls make a beating, laughing sound. In Tongva-Gabrieliño traditional narratives, this is attributed to a wager made between the river and the coyote spirit.

Early settlement

The Arroyo Seco was one of the Los Angeles River tributaries explored by Gaspar de Portola in the late summer and fall of 1770. He named the stream Arroyo Seco, for of all the canyons he had seen, this one had the least water. During this exploration he met the Chief Hahamog-na (Hahamonga) near Millard Canyon, at the settlement later known as Hahamongna - California. This band of the Tongva Indians would end up gathered into the fold of the San Gabriel Mission and with other bands and tribes collectively called "Gabrielenos."

The Arroyo Seco region can be considered by historical accounts as the birthplace of Pasadena. After the 1820s secularization of the Missions, the broad area to the east of the Arroyo was the Mexican land grant of Rancho San Pascual, present-day Pasadena, California. Manuel Garfias was the grantee of the Rancho and its longest early resident. His adobe house was on the east ridge of the Arroyo, in present-day South Pasadena.

With the 1874 establishment of the community of the Indiana Colony, the new residents built their homes along today's Orange Grove Boulevard, the major north–south avenue paralleling the Arroyo on the east. However, the deep and seasonally flooded Arroyo presented a barrier to easy travel and transportation between renamed Pasadena and Los Angeles. Stories of four and five hours just crossing the chasm, whether exaggerated or not, abounded in Pasadena history.[8]

The first recorded American to live in the Upper Arroyo (north of Devil's Gate) was simply known as "Old Man Brunk". Brunk's cabin stood at a large bend in the canyon, roughly where the Forest Service housing is today. It was said he left San Francisco "for that town's good".[9]

Transportation corridor

Dating back to the original Tongva residents of the area, the Arroyo Seco canyon has always served as a major transportation corridor. Today it links downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena, the west San Gabriel Valley and the San Gabriel Mountains.

1886 view of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Railroad crossing the Arroyo Seco near Garvanza - Highland Park
1886 view of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Railroad crossing the Arroyo Seco near Garvanza - Highland Park
Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge with a Gold line Tram crossing
Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge with a Gold line Tram crossing

By 1886 the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad had been established from Downtown Los Angeles with a grand wooden trestle that cut a straight line crossing from the west side to the east. The wooden trestle was replaced with the Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge. Eventually this line would hook up with rail lines built from the east to create the cross-country course of the Santa Fe Railroad. For local commutes, an electric traction trolley was put in and operated by the Pacific Electric Railway, a Henry E. Huntington enterprise, which ran the "Red Cars" from the upper Arroyo and Pasadena through the San Gabriel Valley into Los Angeles and many points beyond.[10] The lower Arroyo Seco was served by the Los Angeles Railway "Yellow Car" lines.

In 1900 Horace Dobbins, Mayor of Pasadena, opened his innovative California Cycleway, an elevated wood structure with a flat planked surface that would allow bicyclers to travel from Pasadena to Los Angeles avoiding the uncertain schedules of the early trains. Dobbins was only able to build a two-mile portion of the cycleway from the Green Hotel to Raymond Hill before competition from the railroads and the growing popularity of the horseless carriage undermined the project. Present day cycling activists are reviving a vision and plan for a dedicated bikeway from Pasadena to Los Angeles.[11] The Arroyo Seco bicycle path now runs from Highland Park to South Pasadena; the Kenneth Newell Bikeway continues the route through Pasadena.

In 1913 the Colorado Street Bridge was dedicated. This structure curves across the Arroyo accessing Eagle Rock, Glendale, and the San Fernando Valley. During the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression of the 1930s, the bridge was a jumping off point for many committing suicide, whereby it received the ignoble name of "Suicide bridge." By the 1980s the bridge fell into disrepair as chunks of concrete dropped from its face to the armory parking lot in the Arroyo below. After the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge failure in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Colorado Street Bridge was closed as a precautionary measure. Eventually assistance from the Federal Bridge Repair and Replacement Fund and other local governmental agency discretionary funds provided funding for the complete restoration and seismic retrofit of the bridge. The total project budget amounted to $24 million, and the Colorado Street Bridge was reopened on Dec. 13, 1993, on time and on budget.

Arroyo Seco Parkway

By mid-20th Century, the automobile had long become a mainstay of Southern California life. In 1940 the Arroyo Seco Parkway, the first freeway, was built as a parkway alongside the newly constructed flood channel in the Los Angeles portion of the Arroyo. Today, also known as the Pasadena Freeway, it continues on through downtown becoming the Harbor Freeway, and terminates near the harbor in San Pedro.

The Arroyo Seco Corridor Management Plan was completed for the "Arroyo Seco Parkway" in 2004. The Plan was created through a partnership with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the National Scenic Byways Center (Federal Highways), Caltrans (State Highways), the National Park Service, the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, and The Center for Preservation Education and Planning (CPEP Inc.).[12]

The Arroyo Seco Flood Control Channel, was built by the Works Progress Administration before and during construction of the parkway to avoid damages from future floods.

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Hahamongna, California

Hahamongna, California

Hahamongna and Hahamog-na are historic Tongva-Gabrieleño Native American settlements in the Verdugo Mountains of Southern California, named after the local Tongva band's name Hahamog'na, in present-day Pasadena and Glendale in Los Angeles County, California.

Coyote (mythology)

Coyote (mythology)

Coyote is a mythological character common to many cultures of the Indigenous peoples of North America, based on the coyote animal. This character is usually male and is generally anthropomorphic, although he may have some coyote-like physical features such as fur, pointed ears, yellow eyes, a tail and blunt claws. The myths and legends which include Coyote vary widely from culture to culture.

Ranchos of California

Ranchos of California

The Spanish and Mexican governments made many concessions and land grants in Alta California and Baja California from 1775 to 1846. The Spanish Concessions of land were made to retired soldiers as an inducement for them to remain in the frontier. These Concessions reverted to the Spanish crown upon the death of the recipient. The Mexican government later encouraged settlement by issuing much larger land grants to both native-born and naturalized Mexican citizens. The grants were usually two or more square leagues, or 35 square kilometres (14 sq mi) in size. Unlike Spanish Concessions, Mexican land grants provided permanent, unencumbered ownership rights. Most ranchos granted by Mexico were located along the California coast around San Francisco Bay, inland along the Sacramento River, and within the San Joaquin Valley.

Rancho San Pascual

Rancho San Pascual

Rancho San Pascual also known as Rancho el Rincón de San Pascual was a 14,403-acre (58.29 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Los Angeles County, California given to Juan Marine in 1834 by José Figueroa. Rancho San Pascual land now includes the cities of Pasadena, South Pasadena, and portions of San Marino, and the unincorporated communities of Altadena and San Pasqual.

Pasadena, California

Pasadena, California

Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, 11 miles (18 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commercial district.

Adobe

Adobe

Adobe is a building material made from earth and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world.

South Pasadena, California

South Pasadena, California

South Pasadena is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 25,619, up from 24,292 in the 2000 census. It is located in West San Gabriel Valley. It is 3.42 square miles (8.9 km2) in area and lies between the much larger city of Pasadena, of which it was once a part, and the metropolis of Los Angeles. South Pasadena is the oldest self-builder of floats in the historic Tournament of Roses Parade.

Indiana Colony

Indiana Colony

The Indiana Colony refers to a group of Indiana residents who settled the area known today as Pasadena, California. The group was incorporated on January 31, 1874, by Indiana residents who sought warmer weather after the exceptionally cold winter of 1872–73. The settlers met in the home of Thomas Elliott, and Daniel Berry was selected to visit Southern California with a direction to find suitable land at a suitable price.

San Francisco

San Francisco

San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the fourth most populous in California, with 815,201 residents as of 2021, and covers a land area of 46.9 square miles, at the end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs. Among the 91 U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco was ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income as of 2021. Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include SF, San Fran, The City, Frisco, and Baghdad by the Bay.

San Gabriel Valley

San Gabriel Valley

The San Gabriel Valley, often referred to by its initials as S.G.V., is one of the principal valleys of Southern California, lying immediately to the east of the eastern city limits of the city of Los Angeles and occupying the vast majority of the southeastern part of Los Angeles County, California. Surrounding features include:San Gabriel Mountains on the north, San Rafael Hills to the west, with Los Angeles Basin beyond, Crescenta Valley to the northwest, Puente Hills to the south, with the coastal plain of Orange County beyond, Chino Hills and San Jose Hills to the east, with the Pomona Valley and Inland Empire beyond. The city limits of Los Angeles bordering its western edge.

San Gabriel Mountains

San Gabriel Mountains

The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Transverse Ranges and lies between the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert, with Interstate 5 to the west and Interstate 15 to the east. The range lies in, and is surrounded by, the Angeles and San Bernardino National Forests, with the San Andreas Fault as its northern border.

Floods and controls

The Arroyo Seco generally has a flow of several cubic feet per second,[13] but periodically it is inundated by torrential floods from its steep, erosion-prone mountain watershed. The reputation of Arroyo Seco floods led the Spanish to site the original Pueblo de Los Ángeles away from the confluence of the Arroyo Seco and the Los Angeles River. Historically, these floods would race down the stream bed and overflow through Pasadena, South Pasadena, Alhambra and Los Angeles communities all the way to the Los Angeles River. As Los Angeles developed into a city and grew outwards, the damage from these floods was particularly severe in 1914 and 1916.

Devil's Gate Dam

In 1920, the Los Angeles County Flood Control District built the first flood control dam in Los Angeles County at Devil's Gate gorge.[14] Named for a rock outcropping which resembles the face of a devil, this is the narrowest spot on the Arroyo Seco's course below Millard Canyon. The construction was by the Bent Brothers Company. Devil's Gate Dam in the Arroyo Seco in northern Pasadena between La Cañada Flintridge and Altadena is managed by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works.

Channelized lower creek section of the Arroyo Seco
Channelized lower creek section of the Arroyo Seco

The flood basin above the dam captures the flows of the mountain watershed of the Arroyo Seco. This area is now called "Hahamongna", a phrase meaning "Flowing Waters, Fruitful Valley" in the language of the Tongva tribe who first inhabited the area. In 2011, the flood basin had filled with debris brought down after the 2009 Station Fire, reducing its effectiveness as a flood control measure. The County of Los Angeles conducted public hearings on the Environmental impact statement before selecting a method to remove debris from the Hahamongna area. In 2014, the Board of Supervisors approved a five-year project to remove 2.4 million cubic yards of sediment (1,800,000 m3) from the basin despite strong opposition from neighbors and recreational enthusiasts. The opponents contended that hundreds of trucks would be required that would increase pollution and noise.[15] They also said that the wildlife habitat would be destroyed and interfere with hikers, cyclists and horseback riders who use the area for recreation. The alternative supported by Pasadena officials would have removed 1.4 million cubic yards of sediment (1,100,000 m3) and provided regular maintenance. County officials supported removing more sediment to reduce the flood risk for most major storms, the work having begun in early-2019.[16]

Below Devil's Gate Dam, most of the Arroyo Seco creek, with two short exceptions, is contained in a concrete channel that contains stormwater and municipal runoff. This channel and other similar flood control structures throughout the Los Angeles Basin and along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains were built following the devastating Los Angeles Flood of 1938.

Restoration programs

For more than one hundred years, the natural environment of the Arroyo Seco and its proximity to a large urban population have inspired efforts to protect, manage and preserve it. L.A. County flood control was first founded in an effort to control the wild waters of the Arroyo Seco and Charles Lummis founded the Arroyo Seco Foundation in 1905 for the purpose of preserving recreational use and habitat, residents in Los Angeles and Pasadena contributed generously to efforts to buy up open space in the great canyon to protect for future generations.

There has been a series of studies conducted to assess and improve the management of the Arroyo Seco Watershed. These include:

Study or program Year Description
Arroyo Seco Watershed Restoration Feasibility Study 2002 A cooperative partnership of North East Trees and the Arroyo Seco Foundation, this report released in May, 2002, provides a blueprint for restoration and better management for the watershed. The study contains a series of valuable technical reports on hydrology, biology, water resources and recreational uses.
US Army Corps of Engineers Arroyo Seco Watershed Reconnaissance Study 2002 - Evaluates watershed conditions and determines there is a federal purpose in Arroyo Seco work.
Pasadena Arroyo Seco Master Plan & EIR 2003 Identifies a comprehensive series of projects and improvements for the five mile (8 km) stretch of the Arroyo Seco lying within Pasadena
Angeles National Forest Master Plan - US Forest Service 2005 Defines the plan for the management of the upper mountain watershed of the Arroyo Seco
Arroyo Seco Watershed Coordination Program (Arroyo Seco Foundation) 2004-ongoing Builds the capacity of local groups to cooperate and collaborate in watershed management. In addition to educational programs about California's water issues and local water programs, this program supports the Council of Arroyo Seco Organization, a network of Arroyo improvement groups.
Arroyo Seco Parkway Corridor Management Plan 2004 Parkway management plan prepared for Caltrans by the National Scenic Byways Center, Federal Highways, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the Center for Preservation Education and Planning (CPEP, Inc.). This plan serves as the basis for signage and other recent improvements on the parkway.
USACE Arroyo Seco Watershed Feasibility Study 2005 - ongoing This study, conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers with the County of Los Angeles and other local partners is evaluating the watershed to determine the best program to improve water resources, habitat and recreational opportunities; the study, which actually began in 2001 continues on a slow pace, but local sponsors hope that it will provide a basis for federal support of local restoration and management efforts.
AS Watershed Management and Restoration Study (North East Trees) 2006 Reviews water quality and habitat restoration data and prioritizes projects for water quality improvements
Central Arroyo Stream Restoration Program 2007–2008 This program, which has now been completed, has improved stream conditions and water quality in the Arroyo Seco stream by habitat restoration, parking lot and trail improvements and trash capture devices. As a result, the Arroyo chub, a native fish that once thrived in the stream but was wiped out by the flood control measures, has now been reintroduced to the stream.[17]
Arroyo Seco Watershed Sustainability Program 2007–2010 A program to improve conservation, watershed management and governance in the watershed
Fish Restoration in the Arroyo Seco 2008 This study, conducted by C. Camm Swift, evaluates the potential for fish restoration in the stream and makes recommendations about needed improvements.
Arroyo Seco Watershed Assessment 2010 This program provides an assessment of major projects to restore and enhance the Arroyo Seco Watershed and is intended to inform the Corps of Engineers ecosystem study of the Arroyo. The study was prepared by CDM for the Arroyo Seco Foundation.
Hahamongna Cooperative Nursery 2015 Hahamongna Cooperative Nursery is a grassroots habitat restoration initiative led by the Arroyo Seco Foundation in partnership with Pasadena Water and Power and Pasadena Public Works Department. Under the leadership of Nursery Manager Nick Hummingbird, volunteers are working to propagate local native plant species for habitat restoration as part of the Arroyo Seco Canyon Project, a joint project with Pasadena Water and Power. In the process, volunteers learn about the Arroyo's native flora and ecology, horticultural technique, nursery management, and local ethnobotany.

Restoration goals

  1. Restore full flood control functions in the Arroyo Seco area.
  2. Better manage, optimize, and conserve water resources while improving water quality.
  3. Improve regional park recreational opportunities and enhance nature reserve open space.[18]

The restoration efforts are being carried out by the County of Los Angeles and local cities, primarily the City of Pasadena.

Jet Propulsion Laboratory - NASA

Early rocket-engine-testing began in the Arroyo Seco in 1936 and this led to the establishment of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the mouth of the Arroyo Seco by the California Institute of Technology.[19] During the 1950s, JPL was heavily involved in rocket testing, and the roar of rocket engines could be heard emanating from the Arroyo Seco area for miles. These rocket projects were terminated at the facility by 1958. By the mid-1960s, JPL had become instrumental in the development, launching, and tracking of a number of unmanned near-Earth and deep-space space probes for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. One notable project was the Mars rover, which has returned a number of panoramic photos of the Martian surface.

JPL has been criticized by regional environmentalists and the community for its water pollution of the local groundwater with toxic chemicals, such as solvents and perchlorate rocket fuel accelerants. A monumental cleanup project by NASA has begun, which includes a multimillion-dollar pumping and water filtration system to treat the groundwater, removing toxins until the aquifer contamination level has been reduced below their federally-specified limits. This project is carried out by a NASA project team and monitored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Frequent public meetings are held with public comment, and recorded for the record on the quality and progress of the clean-up.

Trout Restoration

Before channelization, the Arroyo Seco was a spawning habitat for Southern Steelhead, the Anadromous form of rainbow trout. The Arroyo was home to a resident rainbow trout population until at least 2009, when mudslides following the Station Fire (2009) were thought to have wiped out the population. In November 2020, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife transplanted almost 500 trout from the West Fork San Gabriel River, definitively re-establishing the presence of native trout in the stream.[20]

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Pueblo de Los Ángeles

Pueblo de Los Ángeles

El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles, shortened to Pueblo de los Ángeles, was the Spanish civilian pueblo settled in 1781, which by the 20th century became the American metropolis of Los Angeles. The pueblo was built using labor from the adjacent village of Yaanga and was totally dependent on local Indigenous labor for its survival.

Confluence

Confluence

In geography, a confluence occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join to form a single channel. A confluence can occur in several configurations: at the point where a tributary joins a larger river ; or where two streams meet to become the source of a river of a new name ; or where two separated channels of a river rejoin at the downstream end.

Los Angeles River

Los Angeles River

The Los Angeles River, historically known as Paayme Paxaayt by the Tongva and the Porciúncula River by the Spanish, is a major river in Los Angeles County, California. Its headwaters are in the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains, and it flows nearly 51 miles (82 km) from Canoga Park through the San Fernando Valley, Downtown Los Angeles, and the Gateway Cities to its mouth in Long Beach, where it flows into San Pedro Bay. While the river was once free-flowing and frequently flooding, forming alluvial flood plains along its banks, it is currently notable for flowing through a concrete channel on a fixed course, which was built after a series of devastating floods in the early 20th century.

Ernest and Florence Bent Halstead House and Grounds

Ernest and Florence Bent Halstead House and Grounds

The Ernest and Florence Bent Halstead House is an American Craftsman style home built in 1912 in Los Angeles, California.

La Cañada Flintridge, California

La Cañada Flintridge, California

La Cañada Flintridge, commonly known as "La Cañada", is a city in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains in Los Angeles County, California. Located in the Crescenta Valley, in the western edge of Southern California's San Gabriel Valley, it is the location of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Before the city's incorporation on November 30, 1976, it consisted of two distinct communities, "La Cañada" and "Flintridge".

Altadena, California

Altadena, California

Altadena is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in the Verdugo Mountains region of Los Angeles County, California, approximately 14 miles (23 km) from the downtown Los Angeles Civic Center, and directly north of the city of Pasadena, California. The population was 42,777 at the 2010 census, up from 42,610 at the 2000 census.

Los Angeles County Department of Public Works

Los Angeles County Department of Public Works

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW) is responsible for the construction and operation of Los Angeles County's roads, building safety, sewerage, and flood control. DPW also operates traffic signals and intelligent transportation systems, drinking water systems in certain communities, operates five airports, paratransit and fixed route public transport, administers various environment programs, issues various permits for activities in the public roadway, and has a Department Emergency Operations Center that works in conjunction with the County Emergency Operations Center operated by the Sheriff's Department. The department is headquartered at 900 South Fremont Avenue in Alhambra, California.

2009 California wildfires

2009 California wildfires

The 2009 California wildfires were a series of 9,159 wildfires that were active in the US state of California, during the year 2009. The fires burned more than 422,147 acres of land from early February through late November, due to Red Flag conditions, destroying hundreds of structures, injuring 134 people, and killing four. The wildfires also caused at least US$134.48 million in damage. Although the fires burned many different regions of California in August, the month was especially notable for several very large fires which burned in Southern California, despite being outside of the normal fire season for that region.

Environmental impact statement

Environmental impact statement

An environmental impact statement (EIS), under United States environmental law, is a document required by the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for certain actions "significantly affecting the quality of the human environment". An EIS is a tool for decision making. It describes the positive and negative environmental effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead of the action described in the EIS. Several U.S. state governments require that a document similar to an EIS be submitted to the state for certain actions. For example, in California, an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must be submitted to the state for certain actions, as described in the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). One of the primary authors of the act is Lynton K. Caldwell.

Los Angeles Basin

Los Angeles Basin

The Los Angeles Basin is a sedimentary basin located in Southern California, in a region known as the Peninsular Ranges. The basin is also connected to an anomalous group of east-west trending chains of mountains collectively known as the Transverse Ranges. The present basin is a coastal lowland area, whose floor is marked by elongate low ridges and groups of hills that is located on the edge of the Pacific Plate. The Los Angeles Basin, along with the Santa Barbara Channel, the Ventura Basin, the San Fernando Valley, and the San Gabriel Basin, lies within the greater Southern California region. The majority of the jurisdictional land area of the city of Los Angeles physically lies within this basin.

Recreation

Recreation

Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".

Nature reserve

Nature reserve

A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. They may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws. Normally it is more strictly protected than a nature park. Various jurisdictions may use other terminology, such as ecological protection area or private protected area in legislation and in official titles of the reserves.

Crossings

From mouth to source (year built in parentheses):[21]

  • Railroad
  • North Avenue 19 - twin bridges (1956)
  • North San Fernando Road (1913)
  • Interstate 5 - Golden State Freeway and ramps (1962)
  • West Avenue 26 (1939)
  • Southbound State Route 110 ramp to Interstate 5 (1962)
  • Interstate 5 ramp to northbound State Route 110 (1962)
  • Cypress Avenue [Pedestrian Bridge]
  • Railroad - Metro L Line
  • Pasadena Avenue (1940)
  • State Route 110 ramps to East Avenue 43 (1940)
  • East Avenue 43 (1939)
  • Sycamore Grove Park [Pedestrian Bridge]
  • South/East Avenue 52 (1940)
  • Via Marisol [originally Hermon Avenue] (1940)
  • [Pedestrian Bridge]
  • South Avenue 60 (1909)
  • State Route 110 ramps to South Avenue 60 (1940)
  • Railroad - Metro L Line
  • Marmion Way (1940) and California 110 Offramp (1940)
  • York Boulevard (1912)
  • State Route 110 - Pasadena Freeway (1939)
  • San Pasqual Avenue (1939)
  • Dirt road
  • South San Rafael Avenue (1922)
  • La Loma Road (1914)
  • South Arroyo Park dirt road
  • South Arroyo Park [Pedestrian Bridge]
  • Colorado Street Bridge carrying West Colorado Boulevard (1913)
  • State Route 134 - Ventura Freeway (1953)
  • North Arroyo Boulevard (1927)
  • West Holly Street (1925)
  • Seco Street (1939)
  • Rose Bowl Parking Lot [2 Pedestrian Bridges]
  • Brookside Golf Course [7 Pedestrian Bridges]
  • West Washington Boulevard (1939)
  • Brookside Golf Course [Pedestrian Bridge]
  • Interstate 210 - Foothill Freeway (1974)
  • Oak Grove Drive (1955)
  • Devil's Gate Dam
  • Explorer Road
  • Forest Route 2N70 (2002)

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San Fernando Road

San Fernando Road

San Fernando Road is a major street in the City of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County. Within the Burbank city limits it is signed as San Fernando Boulevard, and north of Newhall Pass it is signed as The Old Road. It was previously designated as Business Loop 5 in the 1970s.

Interstate 5 in California

Interstate 5 in California

Interstate 5 (I-5) is a major north–south route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States, stretching from the Mexican border at the San Ysidro crossing to the Canadian border near Blaine, Washington. The segment of I-5 in California runs 796.53 miles (1,281.89 km) across the length of the state from San Ysidro to the Oregon state line south of the Medford metropolitan area. It is the longest Interstate in California and accounts for more than half of I-5's total length.

Interstate 110 and State Route 110 (California)

Interstate 110 and State Route 110 (California)

Route 110, consisting of State Route 110 (SR 110) and Interstate 110 (I-110), is a state and auxiliary Interstate Highway in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the US state of California. The entire route connects San Pedro and the Port of Los Angeles with Downtown Los Angeles and Pasadena. The southern segment from San Pedro to I-10 in downtown Los Angeles is signed as I-110, while the northern segment to Pasadena is signed as SR 110. The entire length of I-110, as well as SR 110 south of the Four Level Interchange with US Route 101 (US 101), is the Harbor Freeway, and SR 110 north from US 101 to Pasadena is the historic Arroyo Seco Parkway, the first freeway in the western United States.

L Line (Los Angeles Metro)

L Line (Los Angeles Metro)

The L Line is a 31-mile (50 km) light rail line running from Azusa to East Los Angeles via Downtown Los Angeles serving several attractions, including Little Tokyo, Union Station, the Southwest Museum, Chinatown, and the shops of Old Pasadena. The line, one of seven in the Los Angeles Metro Rail system, entered service in 2003 and is operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro). The L Line serves 26 stations.

Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge

Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge

The Santa Fe Arroyo Seco Railroad Bridge in Highland Park, Los Angeles, is more than 710 feet (220 m) long and crosses the Arroyo Seco Parkway at an elevation of over 56 feet (17 m). It is the tallest and longest railroad span in the city of Los Angeles, and most likely the oldest such structure still in use. The bridge crosses the lower part of the Arroyo Seco, a watershed canyon from the San Gabriel Mountains.

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

The Colorado Street Bridge is a historic concrete arch bridge spanning the Arroyo Seco in Pasadena, California.

Colorado Boulevard

Colorado Boulevard

Colorado Boulevard is a major east–west street in Southern California. It runs from Griffith Park in Los Angeles east through Glendale, the Eagle Rock section of Los Angeles, Pasadena, and Arcadia, ending in Monrovia. The full route was once various state highways but is now locally maintained in favor of the parallel Ventura Freeway and Foothill Freeway (I-210).

Ventura Freeway

Ventura Freeway

The Ventura Freeway is a freeway in southern California, United States, running from the Santa Barbara/Ventura county line to Pasadena in Los Angeles County. It is the principal east-west route through Ventura County and in the southern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County. From the Santa Barbara County line to its intersection with the Hollywood Freeway in the southeastern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, it is signed as U.S. Route 101 (US 101), which was built in the late 1950s and opened on April 5, 1960. East of the Hollywood Freeway intersection, it is signed as State Route 134 (SR 134) which was built by 1971.

Rose Bowl (stadium)

Rose Bowl (stadium)

The Rose Bowl is an outdoor athletic stadium located in Pasadena, California. Opened in October 1922, the stadium is recognized as a National Historic Landmark and a California Historic Civil Engineering landmark. At a modern capacity of an all-seated configuration at 92,542, the Rose Bowl is the 16th-largest stadium in the world, the 11th-largest stadium in the United States, and the 10th-largest NCAA stadium. The stadium is 10 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles.

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course is a municipal golf facility located in Pasadena, California, United States. Adjacent to the Rose Bowl stadium in the city's Arroyo Seco Natural Park, the 36-hole facility offers the C.W. Koiner Course (#1) and the shorter E.O. Nay Course (#2), divided by the concrete-channeled Arroyo Seco.

Washington Boulevard (Los Angeles)

Washington Boulevard (Los Angeles)

Washington Boulevard is an east-west arterial road in Los Angeles County, California spanning a total of 27.4 miles (44 km).

Attractions and landmarks

Upper Arroyo - mountains section

Upper Arroyo Seco: Switzer Falls in the Angeles National Forest.
Upper Arroyo Seco: Switzer Falls in the Angeles National Forest.

The many the Arroyo Seco is one of the most popular hiking spots in Southern California. The mountainous part of the Arroyo Seco is located within the Angeles National Forest.[22] Angeles Crest Highway skirts the western edge of the Arroyo Seco Canyon.

The following is a list of Forest Service facilities in the Upper Arroyo, from south to north:[23]

  • Forest Service Employee Housing w/ attached public hitching rail and horse trough
  • Teddy's Outpost Picnic Area
  • Gould Mesa Campground
  • Niño Picnic Area
  • Paul Little Picnic Area
  • Oakwilde Campground
  • Commodore Perry Switzer Trail Camp
  • Switzer's Picnic Area
  • Red Box Station (at the canyon's head)
  • Switzer Falls
  • Dawn Mine
  • Bear Canyon
  • Millard Canyon - Millard Canyon Falls

Millard Canyon, located near the mouth of the Arroyo, is a delightful canyon with an impressive waterfall. Sunset Ridge The trail skirts the eastern side of the canyon, the eastern boundary of the Arroyo Seco Watershed. Millard Canyon was a major pedestrian thoroughfare for Tongva, Serrano people, and other Californian Native Americans traveling between the Los Angeles Basin coastal plain, the San Gabriel Mountains, and the Mojave Desert regions of Southern California.

Brown Mountain Truck Trail, which begins near the confluence of El Prieto Canyon and proceeds across the front range of the San Gabriel Mountains to upper Millard Canyon, offers impressive vistas of the San Gabriel Valley. The Burton Trail descends from this road to the upper stretches of the Arroyo near Oakwilde Campground.

The Gabrielino Trail, which is a popular journey for hikers, equestrians and bicyclists, travels up the steep canyon. A popular hike on the Gabrielino Trail is the 4 mile round trip to lower Switzer Falls from Switzer Picnic area.[24]

Lower Arroyo - urban section

Discover more about Attractions and landmarks related topics

Angeles National Forest

Angeles National Forest

The Angeles National Forest (ANF) of the U.S. Forest Service is located in the San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelona Mountains, primarily within Los Angeles County in southern California. The ANF manages a majority of the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument.

Angeles Crest Highway

Angeles Crest Highway

The Angeles Crest Highway is a two-lane highway over the San Gabriel Mountains, in Los Angeles County, California. Its route is to/through the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument and the Angeles National Forest. With the exception of a 1,000 feet (300 m)-long section in La Cañada Flintridge, the entire route is part of California State Route 2.

Los Angeles Basin

Los Angeles Basin

The Los Angeles Basin is a sedimentary basin located in Southern California, in a region known as the Peninsular Ranges. The basin is also connected to an anomalous group of east-west trending chains of mountains collectively known as the Transverse Ranges. The present basin is a coastal lowland area, whose floor is marked by elongate low ridges and groups of hills that is located on the edge of the Pacific Plate. The Los Angeles Basin, along with the Santa Barbara Channel, the Ventura Basin, the San Fernando Valley, and the San Gabriel Basin, lies within the greater Southern California region. The majority of the jurisdictional land area of the city of Los Angeles physically lies within this basin.

Coastal plain

Coastal plain

A coastal plain is flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and a piedmont area. Some of the largest coastal plains are in Alaska and the southeastern United States. The Gulf Coastal Plain of North America extends northwards from the Gulf of Mexico along the Lower Mississippi River to the Ohio River, which is a distance of about 981 miles (1,579 km). The Atlantic Coastal Plain runs from the New York Bight to Florida.

Mojave Desert

Mojave Desert

The Mojave Desert is a desert in the rain shadow of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains and Transverse Ranges in the Southwestern United States. It is named for the indigenous Mojave people. It is located primarily in southeastern California and southwestern Nevada, with small portions extending into Arizona and Utah.

Gabrielino Trail

Gabrielino Trail

The Gabrielino Trail is a United States National Recreation Trail that runs through the Angeles National Forest. Its western trailhead is at Windsor Avenue in Altadena, California, and it runs generally east/west, with its eastern end at Chantry Flat, just north of Arcadia, California. It passes through three major watersheds and has an elevation gain/loss of 3,500 ft (1,100 m).

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center in the City of La Cañada Flintridge, California, United States. Founded in 1936 by Caltech researchers, the laboratory is now owned and sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and administrated and managed by the California Institute of Technology.

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course

Brookside Golf Course is a municipal golf facility located in Pasadena, California, United States. Adjacent to the Rose Bowl stadium in the city's Arroyo Seco Natural Park, the 36-hole facility offers the C.W. Koiner Course (#1) and the shorter E.O. Nay Course (#2), divided by the concrete-channeled Arroyo Seco.

Rose Bowl (stadium)

Rose Bowl (stadium)

The Rose Bowl is an outdoor athletic stadium located in Pasadena, California. Opened in October 1922, the stadium is recognized as a National Historic Landmark and a California Historic Civil Engineering landmark. At a modern capacity of an all-seated configuration at 92,542, the Rose Bowl is the 16th-largest stadium in the world, the 11th-largest stadium in the United States, and the 10th-largest NCAA stadium. The stadium is 10 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles.

Flea market

Flea market

A flea market is a type of street market that provides space for vendors to sell previously owned (second-hand) goods. This type of market is often seasonal. However, in recent years there has been the development of 'formal' and 'casual' markets which divides a fixed-style market (formal) with long-term leases and a seasonal-style market with short-term leases. Consistently, there tends to be an emphasis on sustainable consumption whereby items such as used goods, collectibles, antiques and vintage clothing can be purchased.

Kidspace Children's Museum

Kidspace Children's Museum

Kidspace Children's Museum is a children's museum in Pasadena, California. It is located next to the Rose Bowl, in the former Fannie E. Morrison Horticultural Center.

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

Colorado Street Bridge (Pasadena, California)

The Colorado Street Bridge is a historic concrete arch bridge spanning the Arroyo Seco in Pasadena, California.

Source: "Arroyo Seco (Los Angeles County)", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, March 9th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_(Los_Angeles_County).

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References
  1. ^ a b "Arroyo Seco". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. 1981-01-19. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  2. ^ "USGS Gage #11098000 on Arroyo Seco near Pasadena, CA" (PDF). National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. 1911–2012. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  3. ^ "USGS Gage #11098000 on Arroyo Seco near Pasadena, CA" (PDF). National Water Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. 1911–2012. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  4. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. "The National Map". Archived from the original on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2011-03-16., accessed March 16, 2011
  5. ^ a b "File Not Found". ww2.cityofpasadena.net.
  6. ^ "Arroyo Seco Water Resources Report" (PDF).
  7. ^ Information has been derived from the archives of the Pasadena Museum of History and the Arroyo Seco Foundation.
  8. ^ Pasadena, Hiram Reid, 1895. Out of Print. A comprehensive history of Pasadena after 20 years of colonization.
  9. ^ Altadena by Sarah Noble Ives, 1938 (Altadena Historical Society, out of print)
  10. ^ Trolley Days in Pasadena, 1985, Charles Seims.
  11. ^ cycling activists; such as Dennis Crowley
  12. ^ Project co-authors for the Arroyo Seco Corridor Management Plan were: Dan Marriott, National Trust for Historic Preservation and Jeffrey Samudio, Executive Director, Center for Preservation Education and Planning, Hollywood and Partner of Design Aid Architects.
  13. ^ "USGS Current Conditions for USGS 11098000 ARROYO SECO NR PASADENA CA". nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov.
  14. ^ "Arroyo Seco Flood Timeline" (PDF).
  15. ^ BERMONT, BRADLEY (2020-07-08). "After lengthy legal battle, Pasadena groups victorious at Devil's Gate Dam". Pasadena Star News. Retrieved 2020-08-27.
  16. ^ Karlamangla, Soumya (November 13, 2014) ""L.A. County supervisors OK debris clearance for Devil's Gate Dam"". Los Angeles Times. 13 November 2014. Los Angeles Times
  17. ^ "Arroyo Seco Project Finished"., Pasadena Star-News, August 28, 2008
  18. ^ Arroyo Seco Foundation. "Arroyo Seco Watershed - Arroyo Seco Foundation". arroyoseco.org. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Early History". www.jpl.nasa.gov.
  20. ^ "Trout rescue operation ignites water war in Pasadena - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. 16 June 2021.
  21. ^ "National Bridge Inventory Database". Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
  22. ^ "Angeles National Forest - Home". fs.fed.us. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  23. ^ "accessed 7/22/2010".
  24. ^ "Switzer Falls Hike". HikingGuy.com. 2019-06-19. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  25. ^ "Parks - LAMountains.com". 25 September 2010. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010.
  26. ^ "File Not Found". www.ci.pasadena.ca.us.
  27. ^ "Pasadena Roving Archers". Pasadena Roving Archers.
  28. ^ "PCC Home - Pasadena Casting Club". www.pasadenacastingclub.org.
  29. ^ "Los Angeles River Center & Gardens | LAMountains.com - your guide to parks and outdoor activities, event planning, and filming in the greater Los Angeles area". Archived from the original on 2010-11-25. Retrieved 2010-12-01. . accessed 7/22/2010
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