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Apogee Stadium

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Apogee Stadium
Official logo for Apogee Stadium
A marching band performs on the field of a football stadium.
The Green Brigade Marching Band performing at Apogee Stadium before the Safeway Bowl
Apogee Stadium is located in Texas
Apogee Stadium
Apogee Stadium
Location in Texas
Apogee Stadium is located in the United States
Apogee Stadium
Apogee Stadium
Location in the United States
Former namesMean Green Stadium (planning)
Location1251 S. Bonnie Brae Street
Denton, Texas 76207
Coordinates33°12′13″N 97°9′34″W / 33.20361°N 97.15944°W / 33.20361; -97.15944Coordinates: 33°12′13″N 97°9′34″W / 33.20361°N 97.15944°W / 33.20361; -97.15944
Public transitDowntown Denton Transit Center (shuttle to stadium)[1]
OwnerUniversity of North Texas System
OperatorUniversity of North Texas Athletic Department
Executive suites21[2]
Capacity30,850
Record attendance30,123 vs. University of Houston
September 28, 2019
Field size360 feet (110 m) x 160 feet (49 m)
Acreage46 acres (19 ha)[3]
SurfacePowerBlade HP + artificial turf[4]
Scoreboard47 ft × 27 ft (14.3 m × 8.2 m) (primary)
27 ft × 15 ft (8.2 m × 4.6 m) (secondary)[5]
Construction
Broke groundNovember 21, 2009 (2009-11-21)
Built2009–2011
OpenedSeptember 10, 2011 (2011-09-10)
Construction cost$78 million[6]
($98.5 million in 2021 dollars[7])
ArchitectHKS, Inc.
Project managerGreg Whittemore[8]
Structural engineerRogers Moore Engineers
Walter P Moore Engineers and Consultants[9]
Services engineerHenneman Engineering
General contractorManhattan Construction Company[10]
Tenants
North Texas Mean Green football (2011–present)
Website
www.meangreenmap.com/apogeestadium.html

Apogee Stadium is a college football stadium located at the junction of Interstate 35 East and West in Denton, Texas. Opened in 2011, it is home to the University of North Texas (UNT) Mean Green football team, which competes in Conference USA. The facility replaced Fouts Field, where the school's football program had been based since 1952.

The stadium was proposed by the University of North Texas System Board of Regents after the 2002 New Orleans Bowl. Designed by HKS, Inc., it was constructed at a cost of $78 million after a student body election in 2008. It was originally named "Mean Green Stadium", but was renamed when ResNet provider Apogee purchased the naming rights in 2011. The stadium hosted its first major event on September 10, 2011 when the Mean Green lost 48–23 against the University of Houston Cougars. Official home attendance figures for the team's first six seasons at Apogee Stadium averaged 18,563 per game, which is 60% of its capacity of 30,850.

The facility includes various amenities, including a press box, luxury boxes, and an alumni pavilion. It also uses environmental technology; it is the first newly built stadium to achieve Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification.[11] It can be reached by road, but because of limited parking and traffic congestion on game days, many attendees park on the northeast side of Interstate 35E and cross a pedestrian bridge to reach the stadium. Others use public transportation to reach the facility on game days.

Discover more about Apogee Stadium related topics

College football

College football

College football refers to gridiron football played by teams of student athletes. It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.

Interstate 35 in Texas

Interstate 35 in Texas

Interstate 35 (I-35) in Texas is a major north–south Interstate Highway running from Laredo near the Mexican border to the Red River north of Gainesville where it crosses into Oklahoma. Along its route, it passes through the cities of San Antonio, Austin, and Waco before it splits into two auxiliary routes just north of Hillsboro. I-35E heads northeast where it passes through Dallas. I-35W turns northwest to run through Fort Worth. The two branches meet up in Denton to again form I-35, where it continues to the Oklahoma border. The exit numbers for I-35E maintain the sequence of exit numbers from the southern segment of I-35, and the northern segment of I-35 follows on from the sequence of exit numbers from I-35E. I-35W maintains its own sequence of exit numbers.

Interstate 35E (Texas)

Interstate 35E (Texas)

Interstate 35E (I-35E), an Interstate Highway, is the eastern half of I-35, where it splits to serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. I-35 splits into two branch routes, I-35W and I-35E, at Hillsboro. I-35E travels north for 97 miles (156 km), maintaining I-35's sequence of exit numbers. It travels through Dallas before rejoining with I-35W to reform I-35 in Denton.

Interstate 35W (Texas)

Interstate 35W (Texas)

Interstate 35W (I-35W), an Interstate Highway, is the western half of I-35 where it splits to serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. I-35 splits into two branch routes, I-35W and I-35E, at Hillsboro. I-35W runs north for 85.2 miles (137.1 km), carrying its own separate sequence of exit numbers. It runs through Fort Worth before rejoining with I-35E to reform I-35 in Denton. It is the more direct route for long-distance expressway traffic, as is noted on signs on I-35 leading into the I-35W/I-35E splits. During the 1970s, billboards existed on I-35 encouraging travelers to take the faster and shorter I-35W route.

Denton, Texas

Denton, Texas

Denton is a city in and the county seat of Denton County, Texas, United States. With a population of 139,869 as of 2020, it is the 27th-most populous city in Texas, the 197th-most populous city in the United States, and the 12th-most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

North Texas Mean Green football

North Texas Mean Green football

The North Texas Mean Green football program is the intercollegiate team that represents the University of North Texas in the sport of American football. The Mean Green compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the American Athletic Conference. They are coached by Eric Morris, who was hired as the new head coach of the Mean Green on December 13, 2022. North Texas has produced 24 conference championship titles, with twelve postseason bowl appearances and four appearances in the former I-AA Playoffs. The Mean Green play their home games at the Apogee Stadium which has a seating capacity of 30,850.

Conference USA

Conference USA

Conference USA is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States. The conference participates in the NCAA's Division I in all sports. C-USA's offices are located in Dallas, Texas.

Fouts Field

Fouts Field

Fouts Field was a stadium at the University of North Texas, located in Denton, Texas. Its primary use from its opening in 1952 until 2010 was as the home field for North Texas Mean Green football. Over its 59-year history, Fouts Field was the college home of players such as Joe Greene, Abner Haynes, and Steve Ramsey.

2002 New Orleans Bowl

2002 New Orleans Bowl

The 2002 Wyndham New Orleans Bowl featured the Cincinnati Bearcats and the North Texas Mean Green. It was North Texas' second consecutive New Orleans Bowl appearance.

HKS, Inc.

HKS, Inc.

HKS, Inc. is an American international architecture firm headquartered in Dallas, Texas (USA).

2011 Houston Cougars football team

2011 Houston Cougars football team

The 2011 Houston Cougars football team represented the University of Houston in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the 66th year of season play for Houston. The program was a member of Conference USA in its West Division.

Environmental technology

Environmental technology

Environmental technology (envirotech) or green technology (greentech), also known as clean technology (cleantech), is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies is also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources.

History

Early planning and finance

In September 2002, the University of North Texas purchased 19 acres (7.7 ha) on the opposite side of Interstate 35 from the main campus in Denton from Liberty Christian School for $5.1 million.[12] The university also owned an adjacent 158-acre (64 ha) golf course.[13] Following the football team's victory at the 2002 New Orleans Bowl, school administrators announced their intent to build an assortment of new athletic facilities on the properties, now called the Mean Green Village. These plans included a new football stadium to replace Fouts Field, where the school's football team had been based since 1952. Richard Raefs, vice chancellor of administrative affairs at UNT, stated that the project's primary objective was the consolidation of academic facilities and that renovating Fouts Field would cost $8 million more than building an entirely new stadium.[14]

The University of North Texas System Board of Regents released a long-term campus master plan in 2005 that included a proposed new stadium with a capacity of 35,000 and an estimated cost "in excess of $35 million".[15] UNT athletic director Rick Villareal stated that the university would use only private fundraising, rather than another increase in students' fees, to pay for any new facilities, including a stadium. He projected that the new stadium would cost $40 million and seat 50,000 spectators.[16] The athletic department changed that capacity estimate in 2007 to 32,000 with the possibility of later expansion to 50,000.[17]

Athletics fee referendum

University of North Texas 2008 athletics fee referendum
Choice Votes %
Referendum passed Yes 2,829 58.1
No 2,038 41.9
Total votes 4,867 100.00
Source: [18]

In 2008, the athletic department tried again to increase the athletics fee to pay for the new stadium, which now had an estimated cost of $60 million. UNT Student Government Association (SGA) student senators voted to hold a student election on the referendum to approve the new fee, which amounted to a net increase of $7 per credit hour for each student, or approximately $840 per student over the course of four years.[19] According to state law, students cannot pay for more than half the cost of a stadium.[20]

The athletic department made a concerted effort to promote the higher fee to students, and supporters suggested hiring street preachers or troubadours to promote the election.[21] Making the case for the fee prior to the election, athletic director Rick Villareal said that the stadium was "not some arms race for us" and that the fee's objective was not just to keep up with other universities.[22]

The referendum was held between October 13–17, 2008. Students voted for or against the proposal:

In order for the University of North Texas to have a better Athletic program, which in turn can lead to national exposure and increased recognition of UNT; I agree to a dedicated Athletic Fee not to exceed $10 per semester credit hour, capped at 15 hours. Once the Athletic Fee is implemented, the Student Service Fee will be reduced by $3 per semester credit hour. The Athletic Fee shall not be implemented until the semester the new football stadium is complete, which is expected to be fall 2011.[23]

On October 21, 2008, the UNT SGA announced that in one of the largest turnouts in the school's history, student voters approved a dedicated athletic fee to fund the new stadium. Almost 14% of the student body voted, with 2,829 students (58.1%) voting for the increase and 2,038 (41.9%) voting against it. After the election, the cost estimate for the stadium's construction increased by $18 million to $78 million, $38 million more than the 2005 estimate.[24] At a press conference with head football coach Todd Dodge, Villarreal stated that "there's an arms race going on with facilities. This one will put us up there with everybody else."[25] In February 2009, the school's chapter of Students for a Democratic Society unsuccessfully attempted to petition for a re-vote on the referendum.[26]

Following the election, Representative Myra Crownover and Senator Craig Estes submitted companion bills during the eighty-first Texas Legislature to approve the fee increase. According to the report submitted by Crownover to the state's Higher Education Committee, the fee would not begin until construction of the new stadium was complete. As a result of the fee, the athletics department would collect approximately $8.7 million from students in 2012, of which $3.9 million would be put towards payment of the new stadium.[27] Estes' bill was approved by the Texas House and Senate, and was signed into law by Governor Rick Perry on May 23, 2009.[28] Prior to the groundbreaking ceremony on November 21, 2009, President of UNT Gretchen Bataille said that of the approximately $78 million needed to pay for the new stadium, the department had raised $5 million.[29] In 2015, the eighty-fourth Texas Legislature passed a bill allowing the Board of Regents to raise the fee by up to 10% each year beyond the original limit of $10.[30] In September 2015, the Board of Regents approved an increase in the fee, raising it to $11 per credit hour.[31]

Construction and naming rights

In February 2008, the school selected HKS, Inc. to provide architectural and design services for the proposed new stadium.[32] The university hired Manhattan Construction Company in 2009 to provide pre-construction and construction services.[10] After leveling the area, Manhattan installed a steel-reinforced concrete skeleton for the stands. Subsequently, the firm flattened the playing field area and installed artificial turf. In later phases, glass and brick were added to the facility's luxury suites.[33] Construction officially finished on July 20, 2011.[34]

On August 11, 2011, UNT announced a deal with Austin-based ResNet provider Apogee for the naming rights to the new stadium, and the name was changed to "Apogee Stadium".[35] According to the contract, Apogee will pay $11.8 million of the $20 million deal in cash over 20 years, including graduated annual payments beginning at $312,000 and ending in three payments of $1 million. The remaining $8.29 million will be in the form of in-kind services. As part of the contract, Apogee also received one luxury suite in the new stadium and premium tickets to other UNT events.[36]

Opening season

The stadium hosted its first game on September 10, 2011, when the Mean Green football team lost 48–23 against the University of Houston Cougars. Despite the concerted efforts of the university and the athletic department, the first home game at the new stadium did not sell out, and the game attracted 28,075 spectators, 2,775 fewer than full capacity.[37][38] Although attendees' reception to the opening game was generally positive,[39] attendance dropped to 21,181 for the second home game against the Indiana University Hoosiers.[40] By the third home game against the Florida Atlantic University Owls, attendance had dropped to a season-low of 13,142.[41] To promote the final home game of the season against the Middle Tennessee State University Blue Raiders, the university offered free tickets to some athletic booster club members,[42] and head football coach Dan McCarney promoted the game with an op-ed in the school's student newspaper, the North Texas Daily.[43] The official attendance for the final game was 15,962, bringing the total home attendance for the year to 113,186, a new record for the Mean Green.[44] For the 2011 season, the stadium averaged 18,864 spectators per home game, which is 61.15% of the facility's capacity of 30,850.[45] T (FBS) teams in average home attendance.[46] It finished with five wins and seven losses, its best record since the 2004 season.[44]

Later events

For the five home games of the 2012 season, average game attendance saw a slight increase to 18,927,[47] giving the Mean Green the 103rd highest attendance out of 124 FBS teams.[48] The venue hosted its first nationally televised game on October 16, 2012 when the Mean Green defeated the Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns 30–23 on ESPN2.[49][50] The broadcast had an estimated 366,000 viewers, earning a Nielsen rating of 0.3.[51] The 2013 season began with a home game celebrating 100 years of football at North Texas; an announced crowd of 21,975 watched the Mean Green defeat the Idaho Vandals 40–6.[52] For the six home games of the 2013 season, average game attendance at Apogee was 21,030.[53] The venue averaged 19,271 attendees per home game during the 2014 season.[54] Attendance dropped to 13,631 for the 2015 season, the school's lowest average since 1998.[55] That average improved to 19,843 for the 2016 season.

Top Ten Apogee Stadium Crowds
Rank Game Date Attendance
1 UNT vs Houston September 28, 2019 30,123
2 UNT vs Louisiana Tech September 29, 2018 30,105
3 UNT vs SMU September 1, 2018 29,519
4 UNT vs Houston September 10, 2011 28,075
5 UNT vs Army November 18, 2017 26,392
6 UNT vs UTEP November 9, 2013 26,119
7 UNT vs UTEP November 11, 2017 26,108
8 UNT vs Rice October 27, 2018 25,379
9 UNT vs SMU September 3, 2022 25,306
10 UNT vs SMU September 3, 2016 24,718
Source: [56][57]

Other uses

Other events at the stadium include an annual Independence Day fireworks show, hosted by the local Kiwanis organization.[58] The stadium also hosted Bands of America regional marching band competitions in 2012[59] and 2014 [60] The facility also hosts a number of high school football contests each year, including playoff games.[61] The venue hosted a 5K run in 2016, coinciding with that year's spring game.[62]

On March 25, 2017, the stadium hosted an exclusive concert for university students, staff, and alumni. The concert featured the Eli Young Band as the main act, with Midland and Macy Maloy as the opening acts.[63]

Discover more about History related topics

Interstate 35 in Texas

Interstate 35 in Texas

Interstate 35 (I-35) in Texas is a major north–south Interstate Highway running from Laredo near the Mexican border to the Red River north of Gainesville where it crosses into Oklahoma. Along its route, it passes through the cities of San Antonio, Austin, and Waco before it splits into two auxiliary routes just north of Hillsboro. I-35E heads northeast where it passes through Dallas. I-35W turns northwest to run through Fort Worth. The two branches meet up in Denton to again form I-35, where it continues to the Oklahoma border. The exit numbers for I-35E maintain the sequence of exit numbers from the southern segment of I-35, and the northern segment of I-35 follows on from the sequence of exit numbers from I-35E. I-35W maintains its own sequence of exit numbers.

Denton, Texas

Denton, Texas

Denton is a city in and the county seat of Denton County, Texas, United States. With a population of 139,869 as of 2020, it is the 27th-most populous city in Texas, the 197th-most populous city in the United States, and the 12th-most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.

Liberty Christian School (Argyle, Texas)

Liberty Christian School (Argyle, Texas)

Liberty Christian School is a private, college preparatory, Christian school located in Argyle, Texas. Liberty offers Christ-centered education from Preschool through Grade 12, and provides state championship programs in academics, fine arts, and athletics.

2002 New Orleans Bowl

2002 New Orleans Bowl

The 2002 Wyndham New Orleans Bowl featured the Cincinnati Bearcats and the North Texas Mean Green. It was North Texas' second consecutive New Orleans Bowl appearance.

Mean Green Village

Mean Green Village

The Mean Green Village is a collection of athletic facilities in Denton, Texas. It is located on the opposite side of Interstate 35 in Texas from the University of North Texas campus at the intersection of Interstate 35 East and West. Since 2002, several buildings have been completed, including athletic department offices, softball and soccer fields, a running track, and a tennis complex. Apogee Stadium, UNT's new football stadium, is located in the Mean Green Village. The stadium seats 30,850 fans and has 24 luxury boxes. It is the nation's first newly built platinum-certified Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design stadium.

Fouts Field

Fouts Field

Fouts Field was a stadium at the University of North Texas, located in Denton, Texas. Its primary use from its opening in 1952 until 2010 was as the home field for North Texas Mean Green football. Over its 59-year history, Fouts Field was the college home of players such as Joe Greene, Abner Haynes, and Steve Ramsey.

Comprehensive planning

Comprehensive planning

Comprehensive planning is an ordered process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development. The end product is called a comprehensive plan, also known as a general plan, or master plan. This resulting document expresses and regulates public policies on transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing. Comprehensive plans typically encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon. The term comprehensive plan is most often used by urban planners in the United States.

Open-air preaching

Open-air preaching

Open-air preaching, street preaching, or public preaching is the act of evangelizing a religious faith in public places. It is an ancient method of proselytizing a religious or social message and has been used by many cultures and religious traditions, but today it is usually associated with evangelical Protestant Christianity. Supporters of this approach note that both Jesus and many of the Old Testament prophets often preached about God in public places. It is one of the oldest approaches to evangelism.

Myra Crownover

Myra Crownover

Myra Ellen Robinson Crownover is a businesswoman and politician from Lake Dallas in Denton County, north of the city of Dallas. Originally elected in 2000 as a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 64, she retired after declining to seek re-election in 2016. Under the state's 2012 redistricting process, her district was located completely in Denton County, including much or parts of Denton, Lake Dallas, Corinth, and Hickory Creek.

Craig Estes

Craig Estes

Craig Linton Estes is an American businessman and former Republican member of the Texas Senate for the 30th District. He served on the Health and Human Services, Nominations, and State Affairs Committees, and was the chairman of the Natural Resources & Economic Development Committee. He also served as the President Pro Tempore of the Texas Senate for the 83rd interim session.

Eighty-first Texas Legislature

Eighty-first Texas Legislature

The 81st Texas Legislature began meeting in regular session on January 11, 2009. The regular session adjourned sine die on June 1, 2009.

Rick Perry

Rick Perry

James Richard Perry is an American politician who served as the 14th United States secretary of energy from 2017 to 2019 and as the 47th governor of Texas from 2000 to 2015. Perry also ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 and 2016 elections.

Structure and facilities

View from "The Hill", a tailgating area northeast of the stadium, with three wind turbines in the distance on the left, luxury boxes center, and V-shaped stands on the right
View from "The Hill", a tailgating area northeast of the stadium, with three wind turbines in the distance on the left, luxury boxes center, and V-shaped stands on the right
A member of the UNT Talons, a school spirit group, fires Boomer the Cannon behind the south end zone.

Apogee Stadium occupies 426,300 square feet (39,600 m2) on 46 acres (19 ha) of land.[3][64] Stands on the north, east, and west sides of the stadium seat 30,850 and form a horseshoe shape around a standard American football field. The field's surface is PowerBlade HP +, a type of artificial turf comprising synthetic fibers with a rubber and sand infill.[4] Unlike Fouts Field, Apogee Stadium does not have an all-weather running track, and spectators are set approximately 33 feet (10 m) closer to the field.[65] A separate 2,500-square-foot (230 m2) pavilion for alumni is located just north of the stadium.[66] Parts of the stadium's exterior are covered with 48,320 square feet (4,489 m2) of recyclable silver aluminum composite panels, with an additional 1,334 square feet (123.9 m2) of green panels for accent.[67]

The home side stands are located on the west side of the stadium. They include 21 luxury suites, which the athletic department sells for $20,000 per year plus a "6- or 7-figure gift to the Stadium Fund",[2] and 754 club seats, which can be purchased with a one-time gift of $3,125 to $12,500, in addition to an annual $500 donation to the athletic department and the cost of season tickets.[68] The side also includes a press box, named the Bill Mercer Press Club, in honor of the school's longtime play-by-play announcer.[69] Barnes & Noble College Booksellers operates a Mean Green Gear Store, which is located underneath the stands at Gate 2 on the west side of the stadium.[70][71]

The stands on the east side of the field are generally reserved for student seating;[72] behind them is a path-defined tailgating area called "The Hill".[73] The seating behind the north end zone forms a distinctive "V" shape intended to resemble an eagle's wings in flight.[74] The tips of the "wings" reach 106 feet (32 m) above the field.[5] There is no seating behind the south end zone, but the area includes a 47-by-27-foot (14.3 m × 8.2 m) scoreboard and a 5-foot (1.5 m) bronze bust of an eagle.[75] The bust is named "Spiriki", and was donated by members of the Geezles, the school's first social fraternity.[76] On game days, the area also includes a scale replica cannon named "Boomer", which is fired each time the team scores.[77]

Environmental design

Two of three university-owned turbines generating wind power for the stadium's electrical grid
Two of three university-owned turbines generating wind power for the stadium's electrical grid

In 2008, president of UNT Gretchen Bataille signed the American College and University President's Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040. As part of that process, all new university buildings and facilities are required to achieve a minimum of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certification.[78] While planning the stadium's construction, the university consulted HKS, Inc. to design it to meet a number of green building standards and hired FocusEGD, an environmental graphic design firm, to design many of the stadium's graphic elements.[79] As a result, Apogee Stadium uses various forms of environmental technology. To reduce water consumption and urban runoff, the facility includes a 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m2) water retention system, 338,000 square feet (31,400 m2) of permeable paving, and low-flow plumbing systems.[3][80] To minimize the human impact on the environment, developers took advantage of the landscape around the stadium whenever possible.[81]

The facility also includes three Northern Power Systems 100 wind turbines, which were installed in February 2012.[82] To fund the turbine project, the Texas State Energy Conservation Office allocated $2 million in federal stimulus funds to the university.[83][84] The 120-foot (37 m) turbines each have three 30-foot (9.1 m) blades and are expected to produce a combined 450,000 kilowatt-hours (1,600 GJ) of energy per year, which would account for roughly six percent of the athletics department's power grid in the area.[85][86] The turbines are also expected to offset 323 metric tons (323,000 kg) of carbon dioxide emissions.[81]

The stadium's sustainable design features have earned praise and awards from media outlets and industry groups. In 2011, Apogee Stadium became the first newly built stadium to achieve LEED Platinum certification, the highest level awarded by the U.S. Green Building Council.[87] The points-based ratings system measures various environmental aspects including water efficiency, energy conservation, indoor air quality, and sustainability.[88] Dallas Business Journal named the stadium the "Green Project Deal of the Year" in 2012,[89] and Engineering News-Record named it the year's "Best Green Project".[90] The stadium was named as one of the four finalists during the World Stadium Awards Congress for "most sustainable stadium design concept", but lost to the London Olympic Stadium.[91]

Discover more about Structure and facilities related topics

Bleacher

Bleacher

Bleachers, or stands, are raised, tiered rows of benches found at sports fields and other spectator events. Stairways provide access to the horizontal rows of seats, often with every other step gaining access to a row of benches.

Sandwich panel

Sandwich panel

A sandwich panel is any structure made of three layers: a low-density core, and a thin skin-layer bonded to each side. Sandwich panels are used in applications where a combination of high structural rigidity and low weight is required.

Press box

Press box

The press box is a special section of a sports stadium or arena that is set up for the media to report about a given event. It is typically located in the section of the stadium holding the luxury box and can be either enclosed or open to the elements. In general, newspaper writers sit in this box and write about the on-field event as it unfolds. Television and radio announcers broadcast from the press box as well. Finally, in gridiron football, some coaches prefer to work from the press box instead of from the sideline in order to have an "all 22" view of both the offensive and defensive players, along with coaching personnel ordered to by physicians due to medical conditions, or injuries which require rehabilitation and prevent them from being on the sidelines due to risk of further injury. For college and professional basketball, a "press row" along the sideline across the way from the scorer's table is set up instead for broadcasters and statisticians, while most writers work from a traditional press box position.

Bill Mercer

Bill Mercer

William A. Mercer is an American sportscaster, educator and author. Originally from Muskogee, Oklahoma, he has retired to Durham, North Carolina after a long residence in Richardson, Texas. In 2002, he was inducted into the Texas Radio Hall of Fame.

Student section

Student section

A student section or student cheering section is a group of student fans that supports its school's athletic teams at sporting events; they are known for being one of the most visible and vocal sections of a sports crowd as well as for their occasionally raucous behavior. They are most often associated with NCAA basketball and football games, but can be found in several sports in both college and high school. A student section is an important part of a school's fanbase and a significant contributor to home advantage.

Tailgate party

Tailgate party

A tailgate party is a social event held on and around the open tailgate of a vehicle. Tailgating, which primarily takes place in the United States and Canada, often involves consuming alcoholic beverages while barbecuing and grilling food. Tailgate parties occur in the parking lots at stadiums and arenas, before and occasionally after games, festivals, and concerts. People attending such a party are said to be 'tailgating'. Many people participate even if their vehicles do not have tailgates. Tailgate parties also involve people bringing their own alcoholic beverages, barbecues, food, etcetera. which is sampled and shared among fans attending the tailgate. Tailgates are intended to be non-commercial events, so selling items to the fans is frowned upon and can even be considered illegal soliciting. Tailgating is often seen as a critical part of the sports experience in the United States. Because many American sports venues are surrounded by large parking lots, tailgating often takes place right outside stadium and arena entrances.

Carbon neutrality

Carbon neutrality

Carbon neutrality is a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions. This can be achieved by balancing emissions of carbon dioxide by eliminating emissions from society or carbon dioxide removal. The term is used in the context of carbon dioxide-releasing processes associated with transport, energy production, agriculture, and industry.

Green building on college campuses

Green building on college campuses

Green building on college campuses is the purposeful construction of buildings on college campuses that decreases resource usage in both the building process and also the future use of the building. The goal is to reduce CO2 emissions, energy use, and water use, while creating an atmosphere where students can be healthy and learn. Universities across the country are building to green standards set forth by the USGBC, United States Green Building Council. The USGBC is a non-profit organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings are designed and built. This organization created the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, which is a certification process that provides verification that a building is environmentally sustainable. In the United States, commercial and residential buildings account for 70 percent of the electricity use and over 38 percent of CO2 emissions. Because of these huge statistics regarding resource usage and emissions, the room for more efficient building practices is dramatic. Since college campuses are where the world's future leaders are being taught, colleges are choosing to construct new buildings to green standards in order to promote environmental stewardship to their students. Colleges across the United States have taken leading roles in the construction of green building in order to reduce resource consumption, save money in the long run, and instill the importance on environmental sustainability on their students. It is a better way to motivate new generation to live a sustainable life.

Human impact on the environment

Human impact on the environment

Human impact on the environment refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation, mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crisis, and ecological collapse. Some human activities that cause damage to the environment on a global scale include population growth, overconsumption, overexploitation, pollution, and deforestation. Some of the problems, including global warming and biodiversity loss, have been proposed as representing catastrophic risks to the survival of the human species.

Northern Power Systems

Northern Power Systems

Northern Power Systems was a company that designed, manufactured, and sold wind turbines. They also provided engineering development services and technology licenses for energy applications globally. The company was founded in 1974, and grew into a multinational corporation headquartered in Barre, Vermont, with European headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland and a significant presence in the United Kingdom and Italy. The company closed in 2019 when its last business unit was sold to WEG Industries.

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009. Developed in response to the Great Recession, the primary objective of this federal statute was to save existing jobs and create new ones as soon as possible. Other objectives were to provide temporary relief programs for those most affected by the recession and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy.

Kilowatt-hour

Kilowatt-hour

A kilowatt-hour is a non-SI unit of energy: one kilowatt of power for one hour. It is equivalent to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities. Metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit, the watt-hour.

Transportation and location

Fouts FieldNorth Texas Mean GreenInterstate 35E (Texas)UNT ColiseumMean Green VillageRectangular map of an area about 1.2 times as tall as it is wide. Interstate 35 East, marked by a yellow and orange line, divides the map in half diagonally from bottom left to top right, with Fouts Field in the north and Apogee Stadium in the south.
Image map of North Texas Mean Green athletic facilities on either side of Interstate 35E in Denton

Apogee Stadium is located on Bonnie Brae Street at the junction of Interstate 35 East and West in the southeast part of Denton, Texas.[92] It is part of the Mean Green Village, a 175-acre (71 ha) parcel of land located south of UNT's main campus that includes various athletic department facilities.[93] In February 2003, the school conducted studies to identify potential traffic problems in the area.[94] The results of the studies indicated that the intersection of Bonnie Brae Street and Airport Road northwest of the facility represented a potential major traffic hazard, since the two-lane Bonnie Brae Street could not accommodate the additional game day traffic, and Airport Road would be needed for access to Denton Municipal Airport to the north. Initially, university officials planned to address some concerns by rerouting season ticket holders through the surrounding neighborhoods, but in 2009, residents expressed concerns that the stadium could clog traffic systems in the area.[95] Consequently, the City of Denton passed an ordinance to shut down the area streets on game days to anyone without a resident's permit.[96][97] The university began the process of transferring the right-of-way surrounding Bonnie Brae Street to the city in 2012 to allow for the road's expansion from two lanes to four.[93] The project is expected to improve the region's transportation system between Interstate 35 East and U.S. Route 377 to the south.[98]

To encourage the use of sustainable transportation, developers limited the quantity of parking spaces on site.[81] The facility includes 1,758 parking spaces adjacent to the stadium,[3] but to access it on the day of an event, most attendees park at Fouts Field on the opposite side of Interstate 35E and walk across a pedestrian bridge, which leads to the stadium.[99] The university announced plans to build the bridge in August 2011 to address another area of the concern from the 2002 studies.[100] Construction on the $2.5 million project, a joint venture between the university and the Texas Department of Transportation, began in February 2012.[101] Although originally expected to open for the football team's first home game of the 2012 season, construction delays moved the opening date to October 16 for the third home game of the season.[102]

In June 2016, Trinity Metro announced its intent to begin operating a commuter bus service on weekdays from Fort Worth Central Station to the stadium parking lot. The Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA) is expected to review the proposal on August 22, 2016.[103] On game days, UNT football game attendees can also take the DCTA A-train to the Euline Brock Downtown Denton Transit Center and take a shuttle to Fouts Field, where they can walk to the stadium. Beginning two hours prior to the beginning of each game and ending one hour after the game is over, the Mean Green Game Day shuttle also stops at various locations in Denton, including the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square and the southeast corner of the university.[104] In September 2013, the school announced a partnership with DCTA to provide free trips on the A-train and shuttle rides to the stadium for football game attendees wearing UNT apparel.[1]

Discover more about Transportation and location related topics

Image map

Image map

In HTML and XHTML, an image map is a list of coordinates relating to a specific image, created in order to hyperlink areas of the image to different destinations. For example, a map of the world may have each country hyperlinked to further information about that country. The intention of an image map is to provide an easy way of linking various parts of an image without dividing the image into separate image files.

North Texas Mean Green

North Texas Mean Green

North Texas Mean Green represents the University of North Texas (UNT) in intercollegiate athletics. The teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). North Texas competed in the Sun Belt Conference until joining Conference USA (C-USA) on July 1, 2013. UNT's official school colors are Green and White. North Texas' mascot is an Eagle named Scrappy.

Right-of-way (transportation)

Right-of-way (transportation)

A right-of-way is a right to make a way over a piece of land, usually to and from another piece of land. A right of way is a type of easement granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, such as a highway, public footpath, rail transport, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas pipelines. In the case of an easement, it may revert to its original owners if the facility is abandoned. This American English term is also used to denote the land itself.

U.S. Route 377

U.S. Route 377

U.S. Route 377 (US 377) is a 478-mile-long (769 km) north–south United States highway. Originally formed as a short spur to connect Denton, Texas with Fort Worth, Texas, it has since been extended to Oklahoma and Mexico.

Texas Department of Transportation

Texas Department of Transportation

The Texas Department of Transportation is a Texas state government agency responsible for construction and maintenance of the state's immense state highway system and the support of the state's aviation, rail, and public transportation systems. TxDOT previously administered vehicle registration prior to the creation of the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles in November 2009.

Trinity Metro

Trinity Metro

Trinity Metro is a transit agency located in and serving the city of Fort Worth, Texas and its suburbs in surrounding Tarrant County, part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. Since 1983, it was previously known officially as the Fort Worth Transportation Authority (FWTA), and branded itself as The T. As of January 29, 2018 the Board of Directors has voted to rebrand bus services as Trinity Metro, replacing the previous and long standing name. In 2021, the system had a ridership of 3,837,100, or about 15,100 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2022.

Transit bus

Transit bus

A transit bus is a type of bus used on shorter-distance public transport bus services. Several configurations are used, including low-floor buses, high-floor buses, double-decker buses, articulated buses and midibuses.

Fort Worth Central Station

Fort Worth Central Station

Fort Worth Central Station is an intermodal transit center in downtown Fort Worth, Texas. It serves the TEXRail and Trinity Railway Express (TRE) commuter rail lines, Amtrak intercity rail, Greyhound Lines intercity bus and as the main transfer center for Trinity Metro buses. It is located at the corner of 9th and Jones Streets, on the east side of downtown Fort Worth. TRE service began on December 3, 2001, Amtrak service followed in 2002 and most recently TEXRail began service on January 10, 2019. It is the busiest Amtrak station in Texas, by ridership.

Denton County Transportation Authority

Denton County Transportation Authority

The Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA) is the transit authority that operates in Denton County, Texas. It operates transit service in three cities within Denton County, as well as the A-train, a regional commuter rail line to Carrollton. In 2021, the system had a ridership of 1,073,900, or about 5,900 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2022.

Downtown Denton Transit Center

Downtown Denton Transit Center

Euline Brock Downtown Denton Transit Center is a multimodal transit center that provides DCTA bus and A-train commuter rail connections in Denton, Texas. It is east of the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square and is the northern terminus of the A-train. In 2013, the station was renamed to honor Euline Brock, former mayor of Denton from 2000 to 2006.

Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square

Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square

The Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square is the former courthouse of Denton County located in the county seat Denton, Texas. The Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square was constructed in 1896. In addition to county offices, the "Courthouse-on-the-Square Museum" also calls it home. The courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Source: "Apogee Stadium", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2023, January 11th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee_Stadium.

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