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Alf Clausen

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Alf Clausen
Birth nameAlf Heiberg Clausen[1]
Born (1941-03-28) March 28, 1941 (age 81)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
GenresFilm and television scores
Occupation(s)Composer, songwriter, producer
Instrument(s)French horn, piano, bass[2]
Years active1967–present
Websitealfclausen.com

Alf Heiberg Clausen (born March 28, 1941) is an American film and television composer. He is best known for his work scoring many episodes of The Simpsons, for which he was the sole composer between 1990 and 2017. Clausen has scored or orchestrated music for more than 30 films and television shows, including Moonlighting, The Naked Gun, ALF and Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Clausen received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music in 1996.[2]

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Composer

Composer

A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.

The Simpsons

The Simpsons

The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.

Moonlighting (TV series)

Moonlighting (TV series)

Moonlighting is an American comedy drama television series that aired on ABC from March 3, 1985, to May 14, 1989. The network aired a total of 67 episodes. Starring Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis as private detectives, and Allyce Beasley as their quirky receptionist, the show was a mixture of drama, comedy, mystery, and romance, and was considered to be one of the first successful and influential examples of comedy drama, or "dramedy", emerging as a distinct television genre. The show's theme song was co-written and performed by jazz singer Al Jarreau and became a hit. The show is also credited with making Willis a star and relaunching Shepherd's career after a string of lackluster projects. In 1997, the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice" was ranked number 34 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, the series was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-Time". The relationship between the characters David and Maddie was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time.

The Naked Gun

The Naked Gun

The Naked Gun media franchise, also known as Police Squad!, consists of several American crime spoof-comedies, based on an original story written by the comedy filmmaking trio Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker. The installments include one television series, and three theatrical films. The plot centers around a police detective with a lot of heart, despite being less-than intelligent. Leslie Nielsen stars in each installment in the protagonist role of Det. Sgt. Franklin "Frank" Drebin, with a fourth film starring Liam Neeson as Frank Drebin Jr. in active development as of 2022.

ALF (TV series)

ALF (TV series)

ALF is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from September 22, 1986, to March 24, 1990.

Ferris Bueller's Day Off

Ferris Bueller's Day Off

Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 American teen comedy film written, co-produced, and directed by John Hughes and co-produced by Tom Jacobson. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Mia Sara, and Alan Ruck with supporting roles by Jennifer Grey, Jeffrey Jones, Cindy Pickett, Edie McClurg, and Lyman Ward. It tells the story of a high school slacker who skips school with his best friend and his girlfriend for a day in Chicago and regularly breaks the fourth wall to explain his techniques and inner thoughts.

Berklee College of Music

Berklee College of Music

Berklee College of Music is a private music college in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern American music, it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles, including rock, hip hop, reggae, salsa, heavy metal and bluegrass. Berklee alumni have won 310 Grammy Awards, more than any other college, and 108 Latin Grammy Awards. Other accolades for its alumni include 34 Emmy Awards, 7 Tony Awards, 8 Academy Awards, and 3 Saturn Awards.

Early life, family and education

Clausen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and raised in Jamestown, North Dakota.[2][3] Clausen was interested in music from a young age. He counts composer Henry Mancini as one of his heroes; his book Sounds and Scores inspired him.[3] He began playing the French horn in the seventh grade and also learned piano; and he sang in his high school choir.[4][5] He continued playing and learned to play the bass guitar, stopping singing because the choir met at the same time as the band.[4]

He studied mechanical engineering at North Dakota State University although, after being inspired by his pianist cousin, switched his major to musical theory.[5] Whilst there, Clausen took a correspondence course at Boston's Berklee College of Music in jazz and big band writing.[6] He went on to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison to complete his master's degree, but he quit as he disliked the place, especially what he felt was an "anti-jazz" attitude.[6] He later attended Berklee and graduated with a diploma in arranging and composition in 1966.[4][7] Clausen was the first French horn player to ever attend the college and took part in many ensembles; he is also featured on some Jazz in the Classroom albums.[6]

Discover more about Early life, family and education related topics

Minneapolis

Minneapolis

Minneapolis is a city in the state of Minnesota and the county seat of Hennepin County. As of the 2020 census the population was 429,954, making it the largest city in Minnesota and the 46th-most-populous in the United States. Nicknamed the "City of Lakes", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origins as the 19th century lumber and flour milling capitals of the world, and, to the present day, preserved its financial clout. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota.

Minnesota

Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed, and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation. Roughly a third of the state is covered in forests, and it is known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes" for having over 14,000 bodies of fresh water covering at least ten acres. More than 60% of Minnesotans live in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, known as the "Twin Cities", the state's main political, economic, and cultural hub. With a population of about 3.7 million, the Twin Cities is the 16th largest metropolitan area in the U.S. Other minor metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas in the state include Duluth, Mankato, Moorhead, Rochester, and St. Cloud.

Jamestown, North Dakota

Jamestown, North Dakota

Jamestown is a city in Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Stutsman County. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth largest city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.

Henry Mancini

Henry Mancini

Henry Mancini was an American composer, conductor, arranger, pianist and flautist. Often cited as one of the greatest composers in the history of film, he won four Academy Awards, a Golden Globe, and twenty Grammy Awards, plus a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995.

French horn

French horn

The French horn is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B♭ is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular. A musician who plays a horn is known as a horn player or hornist.

Piano

Piano

The piano is a keyboard instrument with strings struck by wooden hammers coated with a softer material. It is played using its keyboard, which is a row of keys touched by the performer with the fingers and thumbs of both hands, causing the hammers to strike the strings. It was invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700.

Bass guitar

Bass guitar

The bass guitar, electric bass or simply bass, is the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or acoustic guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and typically four to six strings or courses. Since the mid-1950s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music.

North Dakota State University

North Dakota State University

North Dakota State University is a public land-grant research university in Fargo, North Dakota. It was founded as North Dakota Agricultural College in 1890 as the state's land-grant university. As of 2021, NDSU offers 94 undergraduate majors, 146 undergraduate degree programs, 5 undergraduate certificate programs, 84 undergraduate minors, 87 master's degree programs, 51 doctoral degree programs of study, and 210 graduate certificate programs. It is classified among "R1-Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Distance education

Distance education

Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at a school, or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via mail. Distance education is a technology mediated modality and has evolved with the evolution of technologies such as video conferencing, TV, and internet. Today, it usually involves online education and the learning is usually mediated by some form of technology. A distance learning program can be completely distance learning, or a combination of distance learning and traditional classroom instruction. Other modalities include distance learning with complementary virtual environment or teaching in virtual environment (e-learning).

Boston

Boston

Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country. A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area and including Worcester, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island, is home to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States.

Berklee College of Music

Berklee College of Music

Berklee College of Music is a private music college in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern American music, it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles, including rock, hip hop, reggae, salsa, heavy metal and bluegrass. Berklee alumni have won 310 Grammy Awards, more than any other college, and 108 Latin Grammy Awards. Other accolades for its alumni include 34 Emmy Awards, 7 Tony Awards, 8 Academy Awards, and 3 Saturn Awards.

Master's degree

Master's degree

A master's degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master's degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor's level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master's graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

Career

After college, Clausen worked for a period as a musician.[4] After earning his masters degree at Berklee, Clausen taught there for a year.[5]

Clausen moved to Los Angeles, California in 1967 in search of television work, wanting to become a full-time composer.[3][7] For nine years he did some arrangement work for singers, ghostwriting and other composing jobs such as commercial jingles,[5] as well as working as a teacher, music copyist and a bassist.[7] He worked as a copyist on "Come On Get Happy", the theme song to The Partridge Family.[8] He eventually became a score writer and later the music director and conductor for Donny & Marie between 1976 and 1979. Initially, he was requested to write an emergency chart for the following day, but he was hired as a score writer and continued writing and conducting on the show, before replacing Tommy Oliver as music director. When the show moved to Utah, Clausen flew there each week from Los Angeles to record the score.[9] He had the same role on The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979.[4] In 1981 he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction for Omnibus.[10]

Clausen served as the composer for the series Moonlighting from 1985 to 1989, scoring 63 of the 65 episodes. His favorite episode to score was the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice", which featured two lengthy black and white dream sequences and enjoyed the episode "Atomic Shakespeare", also a fantasy episode.[4] He received an Emmy nomination for each episode in the category Outstanding Achievement In Music Composition For A Series (Dramatic Underscore) in 1986 and 1987, earning two more nominations over the next two years for the episodes "Here's Living with You, Kid" and "A Womb with a View".[10] In 1988 and 1989 he also received nominations for the Emmy for Outstanding Achievement In Music Direction.[10] He was also the composer on ALF from 1986 to 1990.[7][11]

Other television compositions included Wizards and Warriors (1983), Fame (1984), Lime Street (1985),[5] Christine Cromwell (1989) and My Life and Times (1991) as well as the television films Murder in Three Acts (1986), Double Agent (1987), Police Story: The Watch Commander (1988), My First Love (1988), She Knows Too Much (1989) and the feature film Number One with a Bullet (1987).[2] He also conducted the orchestras and, for some, provided additional music for several films including The Beastmaster (1982), Airplane II: The Sequel (1982), Splash (1984), Weird Science (1985), Ferris Bueller's Day Off (1986), Dragnet (1987) and The Naked Gun (1988).[2]

The Simpsons and other work

The show provides him the opportunity to score realistic drama, overblown comedy, gritty urban jazz, Broadway-worthy show tunes, and some of the most clever and loving parodies of cheap-o television news themes, '70s action music, and feature film scores ever done. Alf delivers in spades, always bringing his trademark stylistic verve and technical precision. He has proved beyond a doubt that television scoring is not the vast wasteland it is often purported to be and that an intelligent composer can take even the most demanding shows and elevate them to new heights.
—Doug Adams of Film Score Monthly about Clausen's work on The Simpsons

Following ALF's conclusion, Clausen was unemployed for seven months. Clausen's friend suggested him to a producer from the Fox animated series The Simpsons who were looking for a new composer. Clausen "had no interest in doing animation" and "wanted to be a drama composer." However, the show's creator Matt Groening told him "we don't look upon this as being a cartoon but a drama where the characters are drawn, and we would like it scored that way." Clausen took the job.[4] Groening told Clausen that the "emotion [should be] scored first and the action scored second", unlike many other cartoons, and that "scoring the emotions of the characters" was the primary aim for The Simpsons.[12] Clausen's first episode was "Treehouse of Horror", the third episode of season two, in 1990.[11] It served as an audition and he was hired permanently after that.[4] He has since scored almost all of the music and songs which have appeared on the show, across a wide range of musical styles through the end of the 28th season.[11]

He conducted a 35-piece orchestra for the music, a rarity for television shows, and recorded the score for an episode every week.[13] Clausen wrote an episode's score during the week, recorded it on a Friday, with some variation if vocals are required.[5] The limited timeframe proved the most challenging aspect of the job for Clausen; he was once required to write 57 musical cues in one week.[4] For the show's original songs production is much longer; Clausen records the music to the writers' lyrics, over seven or eight months the scene is animated, and then Clausen can re-record the song with a full orchestra.[12] The full orchestra allows easy transition between the wide range of musical styles required for the show. Clausen noted:

The greatest composing challenge has been to try to make some kind of musical sense out of the cues when I have only a few seconds to make a musical statement. We have a joke on the scoring stage that I can make you feel five ways in thirteen seconds. We say it in jest, but the reality of the situation is that I am required to do just that quite often.[13]

Clausen intentionally opted against composing themes for each character, with some exceptions such as Mr. Burns, and instead "[gives] each story its own theme and thematic development...That approach helps to give each story its own special identification, more like individual mini-movies."[13] He supplements the orchestra with additional instruments, such as extra brass for the episode "Cape Feare",[13] for which Clausen composed Sideshow Bob's theme, which continued to be played whenever Bob gets out of prison in subsequent episodes. It is based on the score of the movie Cape Fear, composed by Bernard Herrmann.[14] The musical requests of the writers range from rerecord a specific piece of music to compose something based on this character's emotion in a scene.[4]

Clausen has received two Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on The Simpsons, winning the award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics two years in a row. The first was for "We Put The Spring In Springfield" from the 1997 episode "Bart After Dark", the second was for "You're Checkin' In" from the 1998 episode "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson"; the lyrics of each song were written by Ken Keeler.[10][15] He has been nominated in the category a further seven times in 1994, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005.[10] Clausen has also received twelve nominations for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore) between 1992 and 2011 and has twice been nominated for Outstanding Music Direction, in 1997 and 1998.[10] With 30 nominations, Clausen has received more Emmy nominations than any other musician.[16]

He has won five Annie Awards for his work on The Simpsons. He won the 1997 award for Best Music in a TV Production,[17] the award for Outstanding Music in an Animated Television Production in 1998, again for "You're Checkin' In",[18] the same award in 2000 for the episode "Behind the Laughter",[19] the award for Best Music in an Animated Television Production in 2003 for "Dude, Where's My Ranch?",[20] and again in 2007 for "Yokel Chords".[21]

His work on the show has been released as part of three albums produced by Clausen: Songs in the Key of Springfield (1997), Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons (1999) and The Simpsons: Testify (2007).[2][3] Clausen was not asked to score the film adaptation of the show, with Hans Zimmer getting the job. He noted: "sometimes you're the windshield, sometimes you're the bug".[4]

Whilst working on The Simpsons, Clausen scored The Critic from 1994 to 1995 and Bette in 2000. He also scored the 1998 film Half Baked.[2] He recorded the album Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most in 2003, comprising the arrangements he made over his career, performed by his jazz orchestra, after self-financing it.[4][22]

In 2011, Clausen was awarded the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers Golden Note Award. ASCAP President Paul Williams said his "decades of scores for The Simpsons and other TV programs and films are as endlessly inventive as the imaginations of the shows' writers and animators. It takes a lot of serious work and thought to compose, arrange and conduct such wonderfully happy music."[16][23]

On August 30, 2017, after 27 years of scoring for The Simpsons, it was revealed that Clausen was dismissed from the show, with suggestions that the reasons behind the decision were largely financial. His last complete score was for "Dogtown".[24][25][26] However, following the news of Clausen's departure, the producers of the show stated that he would "continue to have an ongoing role in the show."[27] Beginning with Season 29, scoring was taken over by Bleeding Fingers Music, with Clausen credited as "Composer Emeritus." He is credited for composing the music for the episode "Whistler's Father".

On August 5, 2019, Clausen announced he is suing the Fox Network for his removal from the show, saying that he was fired due to ageism.[28] After a portion was dismissed in August 2020, Clausen would drop the suit entirely in January 2022.[29]

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles

Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Southern California. Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California, the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, and one of the world's most populous megacities. With a population of roughly 3.9 million residents within the city limits as of 2020, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diversity, being the home of the Hollywood film industry, and its sprawling metropolitan area. The majority of the city proper lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and extending partly through the Santa Monica Mountains and north into the San Fernando Valley, with the city bordering the San Gabriel Valley to its east. It covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km2), and is the county seat of Los Angeles County, which is the most populous county in the United States with an estimated 9.86 million residents as of 2022.

California

California

California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2 million residents across a total area of approximately 163,696 square miles (423,970 km2), it is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay areas are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7 million residents and the latter having over 9.6 million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, the Mexican state of Baja California to the south; and it has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Ghostwriter

Ghostwriter

A ghostwriter is hired to write literary or journalistic works, speeches, or other texts that are officially credited to another person as the author. Celebrities, executives, participants in timely news stories, and political leaders often hire ghostwriters to draft or edit autobiographies, memoirs, magazine articles, or other written material.

Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)

Donny & Marie (1976 TV series)

Donny & Marie is an American variety show that aired on ABC from January 1976 to May 1979. The show starred brother-and-sister pop duo Donny and Marie Osmond. Donny had first become popular singing in a music group with his brothers, The Osmonds, and Marie was one of the youngest singers to reach No. 1 on the Billboard country music charts.

Chord chart

Chord chart

A chord chart is a form of musical notation that describes the basic harmonic and rhythmic information for a song or tune. It is the most common form of notation used by professional session musicians playing jazz or popular music. It is intended primarily for a rhythm section. In these genres the musicians are expected to be able to improvise the individual notes used for the chords and the appropriate ornamentation, counter melody or bassline.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction

The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction is awarded to one television series or special each year.

Moonlighting (TV series)

Moonlighting (TV series)

Moonlighting is an American comedy drama television series that aired on ABC from March 3, 1985, to May 14, 1989. The network aired a total of 67 episodes. Starring Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis as private detectives, and Allyce Beasley as their quirky receptionist, the show was a mixture of drama, comedy, mystery, and romance, and was considered to be one of the first successful and influential examples of comedy drama, or "dramedy", emerging as a distinct television genre. The show's theme song was co-written and performed by jazz singer Al Jarreau and became a hit. The show is also credited with making Willis a star and relaunching Shepherd's career after a string of lackluster projects. In 1997, the episode "The Dream Sequence Always Rings Twice" was ranked number 34 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, the series was listed as one of Time magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-Time". The relationship between the characters David and Maddie was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series

This is a list of winners and nominees of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series.

ALF (TV series)

ALF (TV series)

ALF is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from September 22, 1986, to March 24, 1990.

Fame (1982 TV series)

Fame (1982 TV series)

Fame is an American television series originally produced between January 7, 1982, and May 18, 1987, by Eilenna Productions in association with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television and sponsored by Yamaha musical instruments, which are prominently showcased in the episodes. The show is based on the 1980 motion picture of the same name. Using a mixture of comedy, drama and music, it followed the lives of the students and faculty at the New York City High School for the Performing Arts, now known as the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts. Most interior scenes were filmed in Hollywood, California. In all seasons except the third, the show filmed several exterior scenes on location in New York City.

Lime Street (TV series)

Lime Street (TV series)

Lime Street is an American action/drama series that aired on the ABC television network during the 1985 television season. The series was created by Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, who also served as executive producer alongside husband Harry Thomason, and series star Robert Wagner.

Murder in Three Acts

Murder in Three Acts

Murder in Three Acts is a 1986 British-American made-for-television mystery film produced by Warner Bros. Television, featuring Peter Ustinov as Agatha Christie's Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Directed by Gary Nelson, it co-starred Jonathan Cecil as Hastings, Tony Curtis, and Emma Samms.

Personal life

Clausen's son Scott is also a composer.[30]

In April 2020, Clausen revealed he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.[31]

Discography

  • Songs in the Key of Springfield
  • Go Simpsonic with The Simpsons
  • Testify
  • Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most - Alf Clausen Jazz Orchestra (ArtistShare)
  • Orchestral arrangements on John Denver's Higher Ground
  • "'Round Midnight" - Buddy Greco
  • "The Misfit" - Erick Nelson and Michele Pillar
  • "Pearls" - The John (Terry) Tirabasso Orchestra
  • "Secret Fantasy" - Mike Campbell

Source: "Alf Clausen", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, August 23rd), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Clausen.

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References
Footnotes
  1. ^ "Clausen, Alf 1941–". encyclopedia.com. Gale Group. 2004. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Biography". alfclausen.com. Alf Clausen. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Beal, Jim Jr. (September 23, 2007). "1,000 Words (Or Less); The road to Springfield". San Antonio Express-News. p. 03J.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Harris, Will (September 26, 2007). "Alf Clausen interview, The Simpsons". Bullz-Eye.com. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved November 16, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Adams, Doug (1997). "The Simpsons' Secret Weapon: Alf Clausen". Film Score Monthly. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Small, Taylor & Feist 1999, pp. 216–17
  7. ^ a b c d Small, Taylor & Feist 1999, p. 215
  8. ^ "The Partridge Family Album: All Songs" (PDF). wreckingcrewfilm.com. Retrieved October 8, 2021.
  9. ^ Small, Taylor & Feist 1999, p. 218
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Primetime Emmy Awards Advanced Search". Emmys.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  11. ^ a b c Goldmark & Taylor 2002, p. 239
  12. ^ a b Rogers, Troy (2007). "Alf Clausen - The Simpsons Testify CD Interview". UGO. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d Wright & Karlin 2004, p. 645
  14. ^ Jean, Al. (2004). Commentary for "Cape Feare", in The Simpsons: The Complete Fourth Season [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
  15. ^ Keeler, Ken (2006). The Simpsons season 8 DVD commentary for the episode "Bart After Dark" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  16. ^ a b Burlingame, Jon (July 14, 2011). "Primetime Emmy Music Nominations Announced - Simpsons composer Clausen makes history with 30th nom". The Film Music Society. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  17. ^ "Legacy: 25th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (1997)". Annie Awards. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
  18. ^ "Legacy: 26th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (1998)". Annie Awards. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
  19. ^ "Legacy: 28th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2000)". Annie Awards. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
  20. ^ "Legacy: 31st Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2003)". Annie Awards. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  21. ^ "Legacy: 35th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2007)". annieawards.org. Annie Awards. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2008.
  22. ^ "Swing Can Really Hang You Up The Most - Alf Clausen Jazz Orchestra". Alf Clausen.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  23. ^ Marechal, AJ (June 2, 2011). "ASCAP to honor Badalamenti, Clausen". Variety. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  24. ^ Barsanti, Sam. "Longtime composer Alf Clausen has been fired from The Simpsons". The A.V. Club. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  25. ^ Burlingame, Jon (August 30, 2017). "'The Simpsons' Composer Alf Clausen Fired (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  26. ^ "'The Simpsons' Dismisses Longtime Composer Alf Clausen". EW.com. August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  27. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (August 31, 2017). "'The Simpsons' Producers Say Fired Composer Alf Clausen Will Have 'Ongoing Role' in Show". Variety. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  28. ^ "Simpsons composer accuses Fox of ageism". BBC. August 6, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
  29. ^ Maddaus, Gene (January 25, 2022). "'Simpsons' Composer Alf Clausen Drops Wrongful Firing Suit Against Fox". Variety. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  30. ^ Hughes, Will (April 29, 2020). "Simpsons Producers Say Their 'Creative Possibilities Were Limited' by Fired Composer Alf Clausen". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  31. ^ Maddaus, Gene (April 30, 2020). "'The Simpsons' Hip-Hop Episode Cued Curtains for Composer". Variety. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
Bibliography
  • Goldmark, Daniel; Taylor, Yuval (2002). The Cartoon music book. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-55652-473-8.
  • Wright, Rayburn; Karlin, Fred (2004). On the track: a guide to contemporary film scoring (2nd. ed.). Routledge.
  • Small, Mark; Taylor, Andrew; Feist, Jonathan (1999). Masters of music: conversations with Berklee greats. Berklee Press.
External links

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